RU2606808C2 - Heat accumulator (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to vehicles with internal combustion engine. In cabin vehicle with internal combustion engine has vessel with heat exchanging surface, filled with melting substance. In vessel there is controlled freezing concentrator, for example, in form of mechanical electromagnet. Vehicle with internal combustion engine has separate or common with vessel in cabin vessel with inner heat exchanging surface filled with melting substance, wherein this vessel is arranged so, that closed separate overflow of coolant or air convection through vessel and engine cooling cavity is possible, and vessel inlet and outlet have valves or vessel is located so, that separate convection is impossible, and vehicle has pump, which is pumping liquid or air through vessel and through engine cooling cavity.

EFFECT: enabling engine excess heat preservation.

9 cl

Description

The invention relates to vehicles with an internal combustion engine: automobiles, military, agricultural and construction equipment, ships, light-engine aircraft.

The invention has no analogues and forms a new subclass of classification of inventions.

During the operation of the aforementioned equipment, as a result of the operation of internal combustion engines, a lot of excess heat is generated, which is removed by a liquid or air cooling system. In the cold season, this heat is also consumed for heating the passenger compartment or cabin of the vehicle. This is done using liquid-air or air-air heat exchangers.

But there comes an equilibrium state when the engine and the passenger compartment are fully warmed up (especially if the engine compartment is insulated in winter and the passenger compartment has good thermal insulation), and excess heat begins to be removed to the atmosphere. This is irrational, since in the case of parking the vehicle with people inside, it is advisable to continue to heat the cabin.

OPTION 1. For this purpose, a vehicle with an internal combustion engine has in the cabin a container with an internal heat exchange surface filled with a melting substance. That is, such a capacity is a heat accumulator, a heat accumulator. The container can have any shape that is convenient in terms of layout in the cabin. The approximate volume for a passenger car is 3-15 liters. For truckers spending the night in a car - up to 50 or more liters.

The specified internal heat exchange surface when used as a cooling agent, the fluid may be a coil, and in the case of air cooling, a heat exchanger in the form of a boiler.

The following requirements are imposed on the melting substance: melting point 0-90 degrees C (optimally about 40-50), and the maximum possible heat of fusion. The specified melting substance may be stearin, paraffin, naphthalene, other substances known or specially discovered for this purpose, or a mixture thereof. The properties of such mixtures have not been adequately studied, and there is reason to believe that eutectic phenomena are possible, which make it possible to obtain the desired melting temperature and high melting heat (high stearin content). However, with good thermal insulation of the tank, pure stearin can be used (melting point 71.6 degrees C, heat of fusion 201 kJ / kg).

The substance may even be water. If the temperature outside is -40 degrees C, then even a container of water with a temperature of 0 degrees C will significantly improve the living conditions of the crew, forced to stay in the car. In the case of application in the engine (see below), this temperature completely ensures a trouble-free start of the engine. However, when using water, its abnormal expansion during freezing should be taken into account.

An option with unlimited long storage of heat is possible. For this, the melting substance must be of high chemical and mechanical purity, and the walls of the container must have a high surface purity. That is, there should be no concentrators of the freezing process. Such devices in the form of heaters are known - in them the liquid (usually paraffin) is in a supercooled state and sharply freezes under any external influence - shock, click. In this case, the controlled freezing concentrator should be in the indicated container, for example, in the form of a mechanical electromagnet with a moving part.

The heat transfer from the specified capacity to the cabin can be controlled using controlled thermal insulation, for example, using blinds or foam doors / doors.

And to accelerate heat transfer, the tank may have fins.

To prevent heat transfer in an unnecessary direction, and to prevent heat transfer during parking without people, the tank must be insulated from non-working sides.

When using a liquid cooling system, there is one feature in the design and installation of the tank, so that heat is not given out in vain by the cooling liquid by convection, the inlet and outlet of the cooling liquid in the tank coil should be located below and, possibly, equipped with taps.

The coolant can be supplied to the tank after a regular faucet of the passenger compartment heater so that in summer both the heater and the heat accumulator can be turned off with one tap. At the same time, the heater and the tank can be connected both in parallel (preferably) and in series, but in the latter case, the heater should be the first along the coolant. In parallel connection, the heat storage tank may have its own tap on the coolant line (preferably), and may not have any tap. A parallel connection is preferable in that it allows you to adjust the temperature in the cabin with the capacity of a standard heater tap, but the tank tap should not be located after, but before the heater tap (that is, two independent lines).

This option works like this: after a complete or even incomplete (if an emergency stop is expected for a long time) warm-up of the engine and the interior, part of the coolant or cooling air continues to heat the interior, and the other part is sent to a container with melting substance, giving off its heat. This redistribution can be automatic - according to the air temperature in the cabin, manual or constant (both in the tank and in the heater). The substance melts completely or partially, and after the engine stops, it heats the cabin, and with a constant temperature equal to the melting temperature.

Moreover, if there is no need for immediate heating of the cabin (for example, setting up the car at night), then it is possible to close the foam shutters, slowing down the cooling of the melting substance. And in the morning, sitting in a car, a person can open the blinds, click the electromagnet inside the tank, and it instantly heats up to the melting point of the substance, heating the interior. To accelerate the heating of the cabin, you can provide a small fan blowing around the fins of the tank.

OPTION 2. Not only the salon, but also the engine needs to maintain heat, since starting the engine at a temperature below -20 degrees C causes difficulties. To maintain heat in this case, the engine has a tank filled with a melting substance in the oil sump. In this case, the heat exchanger inside the tank is not needed, since the tank will be heated quite intensively by the surrounding moving engine oil.

It is very good to use water as a melting substance in this embodiment - it has a high heat of fusion, and a temperature of 0 degrees C is quite enough for a reliable engine start. The only inconvenience is the mentioned expansion of water during freezing. Since the temperature of the oil can exceed 100 degrees C, the tank must be of sufficient strength.

To slow down the cooling of such a heat accumulator, special additives should be added to the engine oil to increase its viscosity. Such oils are known, for example, Castrol Magnatec. In this case, convection movement in the oil becomes impossible, and the melting liquid in the tank will remain in a partially molten state for a long time.

This option works like this: after turning off the engine, the heat accumulator for a long time keeps the oil warm enough for a reliable start.

OPTION 3. You can save the heat of the engine for its subsequent start-up not only in a container located in the oil, but also in a container similar to that of option 1. In this embodiment, a vehicle with an internal combustion engine has a separate or common tank with a capacity in the passenger compartment with an internal heat exchange surface filled with a melting substance, and this tank is located so that a closed independent convective flow of coolant or air through the tank and the engine cooling cavity is possible and the inlet and outlet of the tank have taps, or the tank is located so that self-convection is impossible, and the vehicle has a pump pumping liquid or air through the tank and through the engine cooling cavity.

Such a pump may be an electric centrifugal pump. Moreover, this pump can be designed on the principle of a submersible pump, that is, it can be completely in the coolant. But in this case, it should have a thyristor DC-AC to three-phase converter (such converters of the required power are widely used for aircraft model asynchronous electric motors). Since the pump is short-lived, it may have fluoroplastic bearings lubricated with antifreeze. To prevent the pump spinning idle under the influence of a flowing fluid, its blades must be strictly radial. But the option with the engine removed from the fluid also has its advantages.

The through section of the pipes and hoses that connect the coolant to the heater and heat accumulator must be large enough - the same as for the main cooling radiator. The area of the coil should also be large enough.

You should focus on managing the heat storage system. Opening the coolant supply valve to the tank immediately after starting the engine will not cause any harm - anyway, the melting liquid will not melt until it reaches its melting point, and therefore will not significantly affect the initial heating of the engine and the passenger compartment. Therefore, this tap is optional. Although it is desirable for accelerated heating of the cabin (the entire coolant goes to the heater). But if the driver forgets to open the heat accumulator valve after warming up the engine (if this valve was closed, although it may not be necessary to close it), or forgets to close the blinds before night parking, this can lead to a complete hardening and cooling of the heat accumulator. This may make morning start-up impossible, and the cabin will be cold for a long time. Therefore, it is advisable to have an alarm or a lock to close the blinds, for example, in the form of a flashing display and / or sound signal, interlocked with a time relay and with an ignition switch or with a stop button. For example, when the ignition is turned off for 10 seconds, the “Close the blinds” display flashes and a beep sounds (or even the “Remember to close the blinds” sound signal is heard using a sound recorder (similar to the “My car is driving backward” indicator).

You can provide an unobtrusive alarm open position of the heat accumulator tap - a green LED.

So that these signals do not annoy in the summer, these alarms can be switched off by a thermal relay at a certain outdoor temperature, for example, more than +15 degrees C.

Short-term inclusion of an electromagnet with a moving part can be carried out by turning on the engine starter or by turning on the aforementioned electric pump. Since the pump operates for a short time, and the electromagnet is in a melting substance (that is, its overheating is impossible), you can turn them on in parallel. But it is advisable to provide a clearly visible alarm of their inclusion, so that after starting the engine the driver does not forget to turn them off.

This option works like this. Suppose there is a general container with a melting substance, this container is located in the interior of the machine under the glove box (“glove compartment”), and for the northern regions it is advisable to abandon the glove box and make the tank the maximum possible volume and the maximum possible fin area. The tank is insulated from non-working sides, has a flat finned working side with foam louvres or doors, it may have a blower fan with a deflector, and the coolant inlet and outlet from it are located below. At the inlet or at the outlet of the capacity coil there is a crane and a centrifugal electric pump. The capacity coil is connected in parallel with the heater, regardless of its tap.

After full or partial warming up of the engine and the passenger compartment, the tank valve automatically or manually opens (it may not be closed), the coolant enters the tank (the centrifugal pump does not prevent this) and the melting liquid melts.

When stopping briefly, the blinds should not be closed. But if people leave the salon for a long time, then after stopping the engine, the insulating shutters are closed. Upon returning to the car, the blinds are opened, the electromagnet is turned on, the fan for blowing capacity and the electric pump are turned on. The fan through the open blinds quickly heats up the interior, and the electric pump drives hot coolant through the engine cavity, quickly heating it to the starting temperature. In this case, the regular coolant supply valve to the heater can be closed or opened (if it is supposed to include regular ventilation of the cabin to prevent fogging of the windows). Since the coolant in the cooling system at this moment is quite cold, the standard cooling system thermostat at this moment closes the standard cooling radiator and opens a small circulation circle (past the radiator). In this case, it may seem appropriate to close the small circle of circulation with an additional tap, so that the entire flow of warm liquid is directed into the cooling cavity of the engine. However, to complicate the design is impractical, since the hydrodynamic resistance of the thermostat is sufficient to supply at least half of the flow to the engine. It's enough.

At an ambient temperature of -20 degrees C, you can immediately start the engine. At lower temperatures, wait half a minute-minute. The engine is not only easy to start, but also due to the heat of the heat accumulator quickly enters the steady-state thermal regime.

It should be noted that the heat accumulator is used during the demi-season period — below a temperature of +20 degrees C. The heater can be closed, and after the engine has completely warmed up, the coolant is directed to the heat accumulator, but its shutters or doors are closed. The cabin will have a comfortable temperature, but there will always be a heat reserve - just open the blinds.

This invention is especially useful in the climatic zone of Russia, and in the zone of the Far North is simply necessary.

Claims (9)

1. The heat accumulator for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine containing in the cabin a container with an internal heat exchange surface, and filled with a melting substance, characterized in that the said container contains a controlled freezing concentrator, for example, in the form of a mechanical electromagnet. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-term inclusion of an electromagnet with a moving part is carried out from turning on the engine starter. 3. A heat accumulator for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, comprising a container with an internal heat exchange surface and filled with a melting substance in the cabin, characterized in that said container has a controlled thermal insulation, for example, louvres or foam door / doors. 4. The drive according to claim 3, characterized in that it has an alarm or blocking the closing of the blinds, for example in the form of a flashing display and / or sound signal, interlocked with a time switch and with an ignition switch or with a stop button. 5. The drive according to claim 4, characterized in that the alarm is turned off when the outdoor temperature is more than a certain value. 6. The drive according to claim 3, characterized in that the internal heat exchange surface is a heat exchanger in the form of a boiler. 7. The drive according to claim 3, characterized in that the inlet and outlet of the coolant in the inner heat exchange surface of the tank are located below and equipped with taps. 8. A heat accumulator for a vehicle with an internal combustion engine, characterized in that it has a tank with an internal heat exchange surface filled with a melting substance, separate or shared with the tank in the cabin, and this tank is located so that a closed independent convective flow of coolant or air through the tank and the cooling cavity of the engine, and the inlet and outlet of the tank have taps, or the tank is located so that self-convection is impossible, and the heat accumulator has There is a pump pumping liquid or air through the tank and through the engine cooling cavity. 9. The drive according to claim 8, characterized in that said pump is an electric centrifugal pump.