RU2606010C2 - Projection system with edge projection and video projector for said system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to projection systems for film projection and video decorations as television sets or displays. Projection system comprises a visual projection screen, one or more projectors, and one or more flat edge mirrors which are inclined towards plane of screen in order to reflect projection beam onto plane of screen or onto another edge mirror. Projection beams are directed towards screen at angles of 3 to 30 degrees. Screen is formed as a single entity or from strips of black anti-glare materials. Optical rasters with light diffusers consisting of spherical, flat or cylindrical micro-mirrors are secured across entire area of screen on front or back side thereof. Video projector is of single-channel design with a single projection unit or is of multi-channel design with a plurality of projection units. Video matrices with a light-radiating trapezoidal RGB video monitor comprising, in each pixel, a triad of RGB light-emitting diodes, are mounted in video projector, and optical matrices are mounted above said light-emitting diodes for projection with direct formation of a frame of trapezoidal format without video correction and without optical projection format transformers.

EFFECT: projection system provides viewed images of high quality in presence of bright external parasitic illumination of screens.

14 cl, 6 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to projection systems for displaying visual information with an optical projection on a visual projection screen.

The proposed projection systems are intended for mass and professional use as visual information display systems: film projection systems, projection televisions and computer displays, information, educational, video monitoring and video advertising monitors and other video information systems.

The level of technology.

The front projection system on a diffuse-scattering reflective white visual screen is widely known. The projector is placed in front of the screen from the front side (from the side of the viewer) with the orientation of the projection axis perpendicular to the screen or at an angle of up to 35 degrees to the screen normal (with trapezoidal video correction).

The front projection system is structurally simple. The projection screen is thin, lightweight, flexible, can be rolled up (for storage or carrying inoperative) and unfolded from a roll for transformation to any screen image format.

The disadvantages of the front projection system are: the possibility of comfortable observation with high optical projection parameters only in darkened rooms, since the screen image is exposed to external spurious light (which reduces the contrast, color reproduction and clarity of the observed screen image).

A widely known system of rear-projection is rear projection, that is, projection onto the back side of the lumen of the visual screen diffusely scattering this projection. The projector is located on the back side under the screen, and the projection beam is optically deflected with flat tilted mirrors and a Fresnel lens (mounted on the back of the screen) to reduce the depth of the projection space behind the screen and reduce the depth of the projection system.

For anti-glare protection of the screen image, the rear projection screens are tinted with a black translucent coating or a lens raster is formed from cylindrical lenses to focus the projection into thin transparent linear output windows with diffuse scattering matting to diffuse the projection. For anti-glare protection of the screen image, the screen around these output windows is painted matte black. This significantly reduces spurious illumination and increases the visual comfort of observing screen images with dimly lit screens in rooms (book: Makartsev V.V., Khesin A.Ya., Shteinberg A.L. Large-screen video systems. - M .: SP Panas, 1993 , fig. 2 a, p. 21, fig. 3 on p. 22, fig. 22 on p. 81, fig. 23 on p. 82, p. 70-83, 147-155).

The disadvantage of the rear projection system is the complex and expensive design of the projection system, poor optical parameters of the observed screen image, large dimensions and weight, the inability to collapse the system in the idle position, the inability to transform the screen into other screen image formats.

Common disadvantages of front-projection and rear-projection systems are increased energy consumption, low quality of projection projection, problems of forming sharply directed projections with uniform brightness across the image field, problems of forming multi-angle projections for simultaneous observation of different full-screen images by different viewers from different sectors of observation of these projections. These disadvantages are associated with diffuse light scattering of the projection by screens and low light efficiency of analog projection systems.

The prototype of the invention, the closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result, is the previous invention of the author "Projection system" (RF Patent No. 2222037, 7 G03B 21/00, 21/56, G02B 27/22, priority from 08.07.1999), author Arsenich S.I. (The author of the proposed invention "Projection system with end projection"). In the prototype, the projection system comprises a viewer projection screen for frontal or luminal projections, one or more projectors mounted on the side of the end of this screen. In other embodiments, end flat mirrors are additionally installed at the ends of the projection screens for projection onto these mirrors with subsequent deviation and expansion of the projection beam onto the screen plane. Face mirrors provide the installation of projectors at a far distance from the screen or the installation of projectors at the end of the screen (opposite these mirrors). End mirrors significantly reduce the volume and depth of the projection space, the dimensions and the mass of rear-projection systems. A raster system is formed on the projection screen from projection light diffusers made of optical microlenses, microprisms, micromirrors for capturing, deflecting and focusing projection beams directed by projectors onto these diffusers. The entrance windows of the diffusers are structurally aligned with the cross section of the projection beams (directed to these windows from the end of the screen) so as to capture these projection beams as much as possible. The front sides of the screen or diffusers are painted matte black for anti-glare protection of the screen image and mask the diffusers from visibility by viewers. At the focusing points of the projection beams by diffusers on the front side of the screen or diffusers, transparent output micro windows of a minimum area are formed for outputting projection beams to the observation sector of screen images.

To observe the background behind the crane (in transparent video display windows), the area of the projection screens between the diffusers can be made transparent.

For multi-angle projection, for example, several projectors are placed at a calculated distance from each other. Each raster light diffuser is made with several output windows. Each diffuser window transmits projection beams from only one particular projector to one observation sector of the full-screen image formed by this projector. In other versions of the multi-angle projection, several rasters are located on the screen, combined in the total area of the screen, and several projectors mounted on different ends of the screen. A particular projector is optically paired with only one corresponding raster. This raster is structurally designed to orient the projection into only one corresponding sector of observation by viewers of a full-screen image (generated by this projector).

The drawing of the prototype shows the design of the diffusers on the screen with known rasters of spherical micromirrors tilted to the plane of the screen, with transparent output windows on the screen with anti-reflective coating of the front surface of the screen.

In prototypes, in comparison with analogues (frontal or luminal projection), end projection, especially with end mirrors, provides a multiple reduction in projection depth and overall depth of the projection system (measured along the normal to the screen). Face mirrors allow you to position the projector on the end of the screen for rigid constant focusing and orientation of the projector on the end mirror. The multi-angle projection provides simultaneous observation by different viewers (in different sectors of observation of these projections) of several full-screen projections (formed by different projectors).

The disadvantage of the prototype is the design of rasters of a closed type, that is, a raster covered with an anti-reflective coating of the screen to mask the raster from glare and visibility of the raster by spectators and to exclude spurious external illumination of the screen image. Designs of closed optical rasters are shown in figure 5 of the drawing of the prototype. Such rasters can only be made in the form of rigid plates of several layers of different optical elements in the raster (in one raster plate there are one or two layers of microprisms, a layer of microlenses, a layer of micro-mirrors and a layer of anti-reflective mask on the screen with transparent exit windows). The area of each diffuser occupies approximately 50-100% of the screen area around the outline of this diffuser. Such projection screens are technologically advanced and of high quality in their manufacture by the integrated technology of high-precision precision casting (of optical plastics) of the screen plates to ensure rigid constant conjugation of all optical elements in each diffuser (paired with the exit windows). For anti-glare protection, high-precision coloring of the front side of the screen areas around the transparent output micro-windows is necessary. For diffuser designs with complex terrain, these technologies are complex and expensive. Rigid projection screens cannot be transformed into different areas and formats, collapsed, compressed or folded in parts. Punching the output micro-windows in the screen (to completely eliminate glare) and pairing these windows with the focus points of the projection beams is technologically difficult and expensive. The creation of projection systems with a complex raster (from multilayer rasters of a rigid structure with different optical parameters combined in a common area) is technologically difficult for mass production.

The reasons for the disadvantages of the prototype are: high requirements for the technical and operational parameters of multilayer rasters from different optical elements in diffusers (covered with anti-glare screen elements) or diffusers with transparent output micro-windows that are constantly, rigidly and precisely conjugated optically with the focusing elements of the raster. Such rasters limit the optical parameters of projections and the possibility of expanding the technical and operational parameters of projection systems with end projection.

Disclosure of invention

The problem solved by the claimed invention is a significant improvement in the design of projection systems with end projection and the design of projectors for these systems, increasing technical and operational parameters and providing new effective technical and operational parameters.

The aim of the invention and the single technical result of the invention is to create a simplified design of projection systems with end projection with anti-glare projection screens with an open (on the front side of the screen) single-layer anti-glare optical micromirror raster mounted on the minimum area of this screen to increase the technical and economic efficiency of projection systems and providing new technical and operational parameters for these systems.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 2 of the claims is a significant reduction in the visibility of the moire of the projected screen image from the pixel structure of the screen and any type of projection with an analog or digital type of image, with different resolutions (number of lines and pixels) and with different pixel formats.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 3 of the claims is the ability to easily and quickly change the optical parameters of the projection by simplifying and quickly changing screens with different rasters or flipping the whole screen or screen strips of screens like blinds with different rasters (each raster provides different optical projection parameters) to different sides of the screen.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 4 of the claims is the possibility of universal use of the projection system due to the viewer choosing a projection with the required parameters in manual, remotely controlled or automatic modes of turning on and off the projectors or mechanical displacement of these projectors to points of fixed projection angles. This ensures the simultaneous observation of the same or different full-screen images on the entire screen or on parts of the area of this screen. For example, on large cinema screens in cinema halls, comfortable viewing of screen images with optimal viewing angles is provided by spectators located in different sectors of the cinema hall at different distances from the cinema screen and at different distances from the center longitudinal line of the hall. On informational video screens, it is possible to simultaneously comfortably monitor viewers with general or different video information from different observation sectors in full-screen format at a far distance from the screen or on parts of the screen for viewers located in observation sectors close to the screen. In this case, the size of the area of the screen image is optimized taking into account providing comfortable angles of the field of view for the observed image at a minimum distance from the viewer to the center of this screen image. In other embodiments, it is possible to easily and quickly adjust the projection system to set the required projection orientation angles and projection beam angles to increase energy saving and autonomous power supply of projection systems. For example, different screen rasters and video projectors in a single projection system can provide the following projection parameters and operating modes when the viewers are in different sectors of observation and comfortable viewing conditions when the audience moves in front of the screen, for example:

- collective viewing of a common full-screen image by several viewers with a wide-angle projection, providing light scattering in wide horizontal angles, from about 50 to 120 degrees;

- viewing a directional projection that provides light scattering in horizontal and vertical “sharp” angles, from about 5 to 50 degrees, for individual or confidential viewing, with the possibility of repeatedly increasing energy saving and using an autonomous multi-hour power supply of a video projector from a solar battery or battery (in case of directional projection with screen brightness amplification factors of about 26 units with a horizontal angle of 20 degrees and a vertical angle of 20 degrees. vetorasseivaniya).

- simultaneous collective viewing of multi-angle projection on a common screen, for example, simultaneous viewing of different full-screen images by different viewers from different sectors of observation.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 5 of the claims is the ability to quickly and easily manually or remotely select a screen with the desired raster by the viewer or the auto-regulator and the ability to form the desired image area and / or screen image format with the exception of black fields for different screen image formats.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 6 of the claims is the ability to create whole or collapsible rear-projection systems with a large screen or video wall with a minimum depth of the projection space and the minimum depth of the projection system (provided by the number of these sections, the minimum end projection distances in the area of each section).

An additional technical result according to paragraph 7 of the claims is the creation of a simple, lightweight with flexible, compressible or collapsible screen design to simplify the transformation of the screen area by its width or height by the viewer manually or using a remotely controlled automatic drive. When using a black cloth back curtain or a black surface behind the screen, full anti-glare protection of the screen image is ensured. In another embodiment, when using a screen with transparent material or translucent mesh screen cells without an anti-glare curtain, it is possible for viewers to clearly observe the screen image and background behind the screen. Screens manually or automatically can be collapsed or compressed (in the idle position) to a minimum area or compact volume for carrying and transporting in compact containers or hiding in a closet, behind a curtain, etc. and quickly deploy to the working position.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 8 of the claims is the possibility of constant autonomous self-cleaning and self-protection of micromirrors from dust and moisture due to the formation of a constant air cushion on the surface of the micromirrors. This eliminates optical distortions from moisture on micromirrors, preserves the optimal optical parameters of mirror rasters and the visual quality of screen projections.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 9 of the claims is the possibility of using projection systems in open space with anti-vandal protection of the screen from mechanical damage and protection of the screen and the projector from atmospheric phenomena (wind, rain and snow, frost, frost, solar radiation of dirt and dust) .

An additional result according to paragraph 10 of the formula is the exclusion of damage or breakage of the projection system from the pressure of a strong wind during strong winds and a hurricane due to free rotation of the screen like a weather vane under the pressure of strong wind over the entire area of the screen and autonomous rotation of the screen to the working position after the wind is weakened .

An additional result according to paragraph 11 of the claims is a constructive improvement of video projectors and an optical projection system by creating a trapezoidal video matrix of a video projector of a projected frame in the trapezoid format without losing the physical resolution of the projected and observed screen image in a rectangular format.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 12 of the claims is the multiple increase in luminous efficiency of a video projector to increase energy saving, autonomous power supply of a video projector from a battery or a solar panel, as well as reducing the noticeability of moire, increasing the uniformity of brightness in the field of the observed screen image.

An additional technical result according to claim 13 of the claims is the possibility of using a minimum number of individual projectors to form a plurality of projection parts on a common screen with a single video projector with several projection units.

An additional technical result according to paragraph 14 of the claims is the ability of the viewer to select video matrices with optimal sizes, formats and resolutions of the projected frame.

To achieve this goal, a projection system with an end projection contains a viewer projection screen with anti-reflective coating for frontal projection or rear projection. On the projection side, one or more projectors with a projection beam directed to the screen area are installed in front of the screen. In another embodiment, from the projection side in front of the screen at the ends of this screen are one or more flat end mirrors. These mirrors are inclined to the plane of the screen to reflect the projection beam of the projector onto the plane of the screen or onto another end mirror (reflecting these rays on the plane of the screen). Projectors are optically coupled to the plane of the screen or to the plane of the end mirrors, and flat mirrors are coupled to the plane of the screen to direct projection beams at angles of incidence to the plane of the screen by about 3-30 degrees (between these beams and the plane of the screen) over the entire area of the screen or according to the area of the screen. The front projection or rear projection screen is made with an optical reflective raster consisting of a plurality of micromirror diffusers.

Salient features that distinguish the claimed projection system from the prototype are new designs of optical screen rasters and projection screens. In the first embodiment, the front projection screen is made with an anti-reflective coating of matte black or transparent thin plate, or film or fabric. An optical micromirror raster is made of a plurality of micromirrors focusing, deflecting and scattering projection beams on the screen into the viewing sector by viewers of screen images. All these raster micromirrors are mounted in raster order on the front surface of the screen and are formed on the screen in one layer of the raster (referred to in the invention as a “single-layer raster”). In another embodiment, the front-projection and rear-projection screen is made of perforated materials: film, fabric or mesh with transparent holes between the micromirrors for transparency of the screen and the "openness" of the micromirrors. The micromirrors of the optical raster are mounted on the front or back side of the screen surface and are formed on the screen in one layer of the raster (“single-layer raster”). The diffusers are made in various versions: for example, in the first embodiment, each diffuser of the screen optical raster is made with one concave-spherical segmented micromirror. In another embodiment, each diffuser of the screen optical raster is made with one concave-spherical segmented micromirror and one or two flat micromirrors. In the third embodiment, each diffuser of the screen optical raster is made with one spherically concave segmented micromirror, with one cylindrical convex or concave segmented micromirror. In the fourth embodiment, each diffuser of the screen optical raster is made with one spherically concave segmented micromirror, with one flat micromirror and one cylindrical convex or concave segmented micromirror. The micromirrors of the diffusers are open and optically coupled in the diffuser with each other, with projection beams and the plane of the end mirror and the screen. The areas of these micromirrors, the radius of curvature of spherical and cylindrical micromirrors, the angles of inclination of the micromirrors to the plane of the screen are made taking into account the optimal capture, focusing and deviation of the projection rays from the projector or end mirror into the viewing sector by the viewers of the screen images, taking into account the formation of directional light scattering patterns of the projection and reflection by these micromirrors spurious rays beyond the observation sector of screen images. To open the micromirrors and the transparency of the screen in the plane of the screen, transparent holes are made between the micromirrors. The area of the antiglare zone around the projection lens of the projector or projection unit (with the projection lens and video matrix) is calculated taking into account the reflective area of each micromirror deflecting the projection. To create an anti-glare zone, the projector or projection unit is painted matte black, or a blackened outline hood or black mask is attached to the projection lens. Screen elements and non-mirror (non-working) surfaces of micromirrors are painted with a matte black paint. For full anti-glare protection, the screen is mounted on a black background or black anti-glare surface. In another embodiment, for anti-glare protection, the screen is curtained on the back with a matte black curtain. For the anti-glare effect, micromirrors (deflecting the projection into the observation sector) are made with a minimum area and are inclined to the plane of the screen, taking into account the deviation of the screen images of all projection rays and the black background of the anti-glare surfaces: black, mask and / or black hood, into the viewing sector and / or black curtains behind the screen, black screen elements and diffusers and other black surfaces.

According to paragraph 2 of the formula, the projection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the micromirrors of the diffusers of the screen raster are made separate and arranged on the screen in quantity and order, taking into account the maximum reduction in the visibility of the moire by the viewer in the observation sector of the full-screen image. For example, each one micromirror is installed at a point on the screen that is optically conjugated to one projection pixel incident on the screen. In another embodiment, the number of micromirrors for each pixel of the projection on the screen is increased (to form subpixel elements of the screen image). In the third embodiment, subpixel micromirrors are located at the calculated points of their pixel on the screen image in a checkerboard pattern or with a stepwise offset relative to the contour lines of the projected pixels. In the second and third versions, the micromirrors are arranged on the screen in order to ensure that the viewer sees the minimum number of subpixels of the screen image (creating moire visible in the observation sector).

According to paragraph 3 of the formula, the projection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the screen system is made with one or more screens. Each screen is made with a different optical raster. Screens are located on the mechanism for their horizontal displacement for the viewer to select a screen with the required optical projection parameters. In another embodiment, the screen is made of strips such as blinds with different rasters on different sides of the screen strips. The screen strips are fixed on the mechanism with the possibility of their rotation, assembly into a package and turn to the working position on either side of the screen for the viewer to select the screen with the desired raster.

According to paragraph 4 of the formula, the projection system according to claim 1 is characterized in that several projectors are located in different fixed views of the projections with the possibility of manually, remotely or automatically turning on and off the viewer of these projectors. In another embodiment, one or more projectors are mounted on a guide parallel to the end of the screen, with the possibility of manual, remote or automatic displacement of these projectors along this guide to different fixed points of projection angles. To automatically switch or offset these projectors, the system has a unit for automatically turning these projectors on and off and automatically adjusting the fixed offset of these projectors along this guide. This block contains a signal sensor about the coordinates of the location of the viewer or viewers to work out a control signal for automatically adjusting the displacement of certain projectors at fixed points of the projection angles. Projectors are made with automatic drives for automatic horizontal displacement of these projectors into fixed projection angles along a horizontal guide. On one or more viewers or on the projection system’s remote controls, signal beacons are fixed to send a signal to the sensor of the auto-regulating unit about the coordinates of the location of these viewers or the location of these panels (in the hands of the audience) in front of the projection screen. A complex raster is formed on the total screen area, containing several individual rasters for each raster to form an individual observation sector of a common or individual screen projection. For example, in the first embodiment of the complex raster design, each diffuser of the complex raster is made with one segmented spherical focusing micromirror. A spherical micromirror is made with a calculated area and shape, as well as with the calculated curvature of the concave sphere of the micromirror and the tilt of this mirror to the plane of the screen for focusing at different points of several projections by projectors located at different points of fixed projection angles. At each specific focusing point, this micromirror of one projection has a flat or cylindrical micromirror. In this case, in each one diffuser, a flat or cylindrical micromirror at each focusing point differs from micromirrors at other focusing points (by the same spherical micromirror) by the angle of inclination to the screen plane, and the cylindrical micromirror additionally by the radius of curvature of the cylindrical surface. Flat and cylindrical micromirrors are made with a minimum mirror area. In another embodiment, the complex raster contains several individual rasters, combined in the total area of the screen. Each individual diffuser diffuser is made with one segmented spherical focusing micromirror and one flat or one cylindrical micromirror, taking into account the formation of each individual raster and projector located at the corresponding fixed projection point of an individual observation sector of the screen image. In the third embodiment, a multicomplex raster is made of several individual complex rasters. Each individual complex raster is made according to the first version of the complex raster. All rasters in a multicomplex raster are combined in the total screen area.

According to paragraph 5. of the formula, the projection system is characterized in that the screen is made of separate vertical or horizontal stripes assembled in a structural system such as blinds. Screen strips are fixed on the mechanism of manual, or remote, or automated sliding and turning the viewer of all screen strips to the working position to form the required projection screen area and / or the required screen image format, as well as to shift the screen strips in the idle position in a compact package (for cleaning the screen in containers, in a cabinet or behind a curtain, for transporting or carrying the entire projection system).

According to paragraph 6, the projection system is characterized in that the rear projection system is multi-sectional. The entire projection screen on the reverse side is made of several screen sections with autonomous rear-projection in each section. The sections of the screen are made to form a full-screen image without visible joints between the sections on the whole screen. In each screen section, at one or several ends, one or more end mirrors are installed to reflect the projection onto the mirror raster in the area of this section. Opposite a specific end mirror, one or more projectors or projection optical units with a projection lens and a video matrix are connected, respectively, connected to a video controller to form a multi-window image or to a video projector with a multi-channel video output for connecting several projection blocks.

According to p. 7, the projection system is characterized in that the screen is made of a bendable or crushable or elastically stretchable screen fabric, film or screen mesh. Separate light diffusers or groups of raster light diffusers with increased gaps between discrete micromirror fixation pads are separately mounted on the screen film or filaments of the screen mesh. The screen film in the area of these gaps between the fixation sites of the diffusers is made with anti-reflective coating or transparent. In the grid screen, the cells of the screen grid are made with hole gaps. Transparent gaps or gaps between the micromirrors are made with dimensions that provide the ability to clearly observe the screen projections on a visible external background behind the screen and the ability to scan or stretch this screen to the size of the full screen area or the required screen image format. These gaps or gaps are also made with the possibility of the viewer folding the screen or part thereof into an inoperative position. For full anti-glare protection of the screen image, a black matte curtain is fixed to the screen or the screen is placed on a black matte surface.

According to paragraph 8 of the formula, the projection system is characterized in that between the projection screen and the support airtight surface on which this screen is fixed, or between the projection screen and the airtight anti-reflective curtain, an air duct zone is formed. On the area of this screen, in front of each micromirror of the diffusers, a hole is made for purging these micromirrors with cleaned and dry air directed to these micromirrors from this zone. An air compressor or low pressure suction fan is connected to this zone. The compressor or fan is combined with an air filter to clean the air from dust and moisture and to supply dried and filtered air to this zone (from the space outside this zone).

According to p. 9 of the formula, the projection system according to p. 1 is characterized in that the projection screen is closed on the front side by a transparent matte black mesh, or a transparent strong protective film with anti-reflective coating, or a protective glass with anti-reflective coating. To use the projection system in an open space, the projection system is additionally covered with a protective box on the back side to protect the screen and the projector from atmospheric influences, temperature extremes and solar radiation.

According to p. 10 of the formula, the projection system according to p. 1 is characterized in that the screen or its parts are made on a rotary column with the possibility of rotation of this screen around the axis of this column under wind pressure on the screen area. Stand for one screen or all stands for each part of the screen are located with an offset relative to the vertical axis of symmetry and the center of gravity of the screen. A spring or damper is installed on the screen or on the stand of the screen to return the screen to its working position in light wind.

According to paragraph 11 of the claims, a video projector for use in a projection system according to claim 1, comprises an electronic video signal generation unit with video inputs for connecting external video sources and video outputs. A video matrix with an RGB video monitor is connected to the video outputs of this unit to form projected full-color frames of a trapezoidal format. A projection lens is mounted above the RGB video monitor at a calculated angle of inclination of the optical axis of this lens to the plane of the RGB video monitor for projecting frames (formed by this video monitor) with optical zoom by this lens on the projection screen for a rectangular screen image.

The video projector is characterized in that its video matrix is structurally designed with a geometric arrangement of pixel elements R - red, B - blue and G - green on an RGB video monitor in a trapezoidal format for direct formation of a projected frame in a trapezoidal format without video program frame transformation. The number of pixels in the projected frame of a trapezoidal format on this RGB video monitor corresponds to the number of pixels in a rectangular format. The number of image pixels in a trapezoidal frame projected by this RGB video monitor is equal to the number of pixels for a rectangular digital format (for digital flat-panel monitors with pixel-to-pixel digital resolution accuracy). Such a projection system provides a screen projection for observing a rectangular image without loss of physical resolution (number of pixels) with uniform brightness across the field of the observed screen image.

According to p. 12, the video projector according to p. 11 is characterized in that in the RGB video matrix, the video monitor for forming the projected full-color frame is made in the form of a matrix of LEDs R - red, G - green and B - blue. LEDs are located on the plane of the video monitor with a triad of RGB LEDs in each pixel of the projected image in a trapezoidal format. A flat optical array of microphones is installed above the plane of the RGB video monitor. The microfocus matrix is made in the form of a plate from an optical raster of hollow pyramidal microphones. The side faces of the pyramid of any microphones from the inside are mirrored. Entrance wide windows (at the base of the pyramid of the microfocus) and narrow exit windows at the truncated top of the pyramid of any microfocus are hole-open. A flat optical matrix of spherical focusing microlenses is fixed and optically coupled to the microfocus matrix. In the focal matrix (for all micro-windows), the area of one pixel with a triad of RGB LEDs formed by the video monitor image is optically closed by one input window of the microphone. The output window of this microfocus is aligned with the center of the base of one microlens of the microlens matrix to narrow and mix the rays from the pixel triad of RGB LEDs in the output window of this microfocus and bring these rays with the microlens into the area of the inlet of the projection lens (projection unit of the video projector). The geometric shape and size of the area of the output window of each focon is made taking into account the maximum luminous efficiency of the video projector, reducing the visibility of the moire of the screen image and ensuring uniformity of brightness and color accuracy in the field of the screen image observed by the audience.

According to p. 13 of the formula, the video projector according to p. 11 is characterized in that it is made with a multi-channel electronic block for generating video signals. The block is made with several video inputs for inputting video signals from video sources and video outputs for outputting video signals from different channels. The unit is configured to form a separate channel on each video output of a separate video signal to form an entire frame or part of a frame, a projected image. The video projector is made with several electron-optical projection blocks, each projection block contains a trapezoidal video matrix and a projection lens. A projection lens is optically coupled to this video matrix to project a portion of the frame onto a common viewer screen. The video matrix of each specific projection unit is connected to the corresponding separate video output of the electronic unit.

According to p. 14, the video projector according to p. 11 is characterized in that the video projector or projection blocks of the video projector contain a mechanism for manually or automatically replacing video matrices with two or more replaceable video matrices, and video matrices differ in format and / or number of pixels of the projected frame and / or size projected frame.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The figure 1 shows a front projection system for end projection with an end mirror (left - front view, in the center and right - side views in longitudinal section).

Figure 2 shows longitudinal sections (left) and frontal views (right) of optical rasters of different types of diffusers formed on the screen:

- in the upper row (left) a raster of type P-C on the rear-projection screen;

- in the upper row (right) is a R-P-S raster on the rear-projection screen;

- in the bottom row (left) rasters of the type Ф-С-п and Ф-С-ц on the front projection screen;

- in the bottom row (on the right) are rasters of types R-S-p and R-S-ts on the rear-projection screen.

Figure 3 (left) shows a longitudinal sectional view of a complex raster of type FC-S-2p + c. The frontal view of this raster is depicted in the center when a part of this complex raster acts as an individual raster of the type Ф-с-2п (for simultaneously projecting two projections into two different observation sectors for simultaneously observing an individual image by each viewer in his sector), and on the same figure (right) shows when the operating part of the complex as an individual raster bitmap type F-P-2p (for one horizontal projection with a wide angle γ _T diagram for directional light scattering ollektivnogo monitoring the overall projection).

The figure 4 shows the left view from the back, and the right side view in cross section of a 9-section rear projection system.

The figure 5 shows in axonometric projection a projection system with a 3-section screen with three sectors of observation by viewers of screen images on the whole screen and parts of the screen.

The figure 6 shows the optical scheme of the projection blocks with a projection lens and RGB-color video matrix.

On the view D and view E shows the optical scheme of the projection unit with a video matrix for forming a trapezoidal format and a projection lens.

On view G and view And shows views in terms of the projection matrix of the trapezoidal format for the formation of the projected frame of the trapezoidal format.

On view Z and view K, the optical scheme and design of the projection unit with the projection lens, the RGB video matrix with the optical matrix of the microfiber raster and the matrix of the microlens raster are shown with magnification.

Embodiments of the invention

In the first embodiment of the front projection system in figure 1, the visual screen 1ph is made in the form of a flat thin plate with hole-shaped lumen cells. On the front side, over the entire area of this screen, light diffusers 2ph of an optical “open single-layer screen raster” of micromirrors are fixed. In an open single-layer screen raster, micromirrors are visible from the front of the screen and are located in one layer on the surface of the screen. In the center, at the lower horizontal end of the screen, a projector 3 is installed with constant rigid (non-adjustable) focusing of the projection lens onto the screen for sharpness constantly on the screen for clarity of the observed screen image. A flat end mirror 4 is installed on the upper horizontal end of this screen 4. In view A and view B, projection beams a of projector 3 are shown, directed at an angle α to end mirror 4. Projection beams a ₁ (projection beams a from the projector reflected by this mirror) are directed at an angle β to the plane of the screen. The projector, end mirror and micromirror diffusers of the screen raster are optically coupled, and the micromirror elements of the raster are made with the calculated optical parameters (geometric shape and size of the micromirrors, the inclination of these micromirrors to the plane of the screen and the pitch of the raster between the micromirrors) to completely capture all projection rays a ₁ , subsequent focusing of these rays (for the formation of vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram a ₂ ) and the deviation of these rays - rays a ₂ in the sector of observation by the viewer of the projected full-screen image. For anti-glare protection of the surface of the 1ph screen, the non-working (non-mirror) surfaces of the 2f micromirrors are painted matte black for anti-glare protection of the screen image. The letter "f" in the designation of the screen 1f and raster diffusers 2f mean that this screen and diffusers are designed for frontal projection, in which projection beams a ₁ fall on the screen from the side of the audience. The screen can be mounted on a floor stand, wall, suspended from the ceiling or to the eaves of the window. From the back, the screen is curtained with a matte black dust- and moisture-proof, airtight curtain 5. In the hole of this curtain, a fan 6 is mounted for air intake (in the direction of the large curly arrow) from the back of the curtain. The fan is combined with a filter 7 for cleaning this air from dust and moisture and supplying purified and dried air (in the directions shown by small curly arrows) with low pressure to the duct zone 8 (in the space between the curtain and the screen). Air duct 8 is designed to distribute this air (in the directions shown by small curly arrows) over the entire area of the screen 1ph for blowing with this air (through the openings of the screen) the micromirrors 2f diffusers (to constantly protect the mirror working surfaces of these micromirrors from dust and moisture during projection or screen opening).

The figure 2 of the drawing shows six types of open single-layer screen rasters with diffusers from open micromirrors.

In figure 2, in the first figure (in the upper row on the left), on the reverse side of the rear projection screen 1p, the micromirrors 2c of the diffusers of an optically open single-layer screen raster are fixed — РС type. In the designations of the “1p” screen, the letter “p” means that the screen is rear-projected. In the designation of a “R-C” type raster, the letter “P” means that this raster is designed for rear-projection, and the second capital letter “C” means that in each diffuser of this raster there is only one wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2s. The letter “c” in the designation of the micromirror “2c” means that it is a wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror. This micromirror 2c is mounted on the screen with an inclination to the plane of this screen. All micromirrors 2c of the raster are mounted on the screen in the optimal amount in the calculated coordinates on the screen with the ability to completely capture all projection rays a (from the projector) or rays a ₁ (from the end mirror) incident on the screen at an angle β to the plane of this screen. The spherical surface of each micromirror and the angle of inclination of this micromirror to the plane of the screen are calculated to focus these rays to form the given vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _G (γ _G not shown in the figure) of the directional light scattering diagram and the angles of deviation of this projection into the observation sector of screen images .

In figure 2, in the second figure (in the upper row on the right), on the reverse side of the rear projection screen 1p, an open single-layer raster of the R-P-S type is fixed. Each diffuser of this raster contains one wide flat deflecting micromirror 2P closed by a screen and one open wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2c. In grid and hole or transparent screens, the 2P micromirror can be open. In the designation of the Р-П-С type raster, the first letter “Р” means that the raster is intended for rear projection, the second capital letter “П” means that in each diffuser of this raster there is a wide flat deflecting micromirror 2P, and the third capital letter “С” means that in each diffuser of this raster there is also a wide spherical focusing micromirror 2c. The designation of the micromirror “2c” means that it is a spherical segmented focusing micromirror. The projection beams a from the projector or the projection beams a ₁ from the end mirror are directed at an angle β to the plane of this screen to fully capture all these beams with all 2P flat micromirrors. All 2P micromirrors are intended for the complete capture of all projection rays a (from the projector) or rays a ₁ (from the end mirror) incident on the screen. Each micromirror 2P is inclined to the plane of the screen to reflect and deflect captured projection beams onto a spherical micromirror 2c. The spherical mirror 2c is designed to focus these rays a ₁ within the vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _G (not shown in the figure) of the directional light scattering diagram and the deviation of these rays a ₂ into the observation sector of the screen image.

In figure 2, in the third figure (in the lower row on the left), on the front side of the front projection screen 1f, an open single-layer raster of the type Ф-С-п or type Ф-С-ц is fixed. Each F-C-p type raster diffuser contains one open spherical segmented focusing wide micromirror 2c and an optically conjugated open flat small deflecting micromirror 2p (with a minimum mirror area for reflection and deflection of a beam of rays focused by a spherical micromirror). Each diffuser of the Ф-С-ц type raster contains one open wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2c and an open small cylindrical scattering-deflecting micromirror 2c optically coupled to it. In the designation of the screen “1F”, the letter “f” means that the screen is front-projection. In the designations of “Ф-С-п” and “Ф-С-ц” type rasters, the first letter “F” means that these rasters are for front projection, the second capital letter “C” means that in each diffuser of these rasters there is one wide spherical focusing micromirror 2c. The third letter “p” in the “Ф-С-п” type raster means that in each diffuser there is also one small deflecting flat micromirror 2p (for deflecting a focused beam of projection rays). The third letter “c” in the “Ф-С-ц” type raster means that in each diffuser there is also one small cylindrical 2c micromirror (for deflecting and expanding the focused beam of projection rays). The letter “c” in the designations of micromirrors “2c” means that it is a spherical segmented focusing micromirror. The letter "p" in the designations of micromirrors "2n" means that it is a flat small deflecting micromirror. The letter “c” in the designation of micromirrors “2c” means that it is a small cylindrical deflecting-scattering micromirror. Projection rays a projector or a projection beams ₁ are directed from the mechanical mirror from the front side on the screen at an angle β to the plane of the screen for each micromirror spherical 2c. The spherical micromirror 2c is designed to focus these rays in order to form vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering projection diagram (not indicated in the figure) and deviation of focused rays to a flat micromirror 2p. Each flat micromirror 2p or cylindrical micromirror 2c is inclined to the plane of the screen to reflect and deflect focused rays a ₂ into the observation sector of the screen projection. The cylindrical 2c micromirror further extends the projection in the horizontal angle γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram (to expand the observation sector parallel to the screen).

In figure 2, in the fourth figure (in the lower row on the right), on the reverse side of the rear projection screen 1p, an open single-layer raster of the type P-S-p or of the type P-S-c is fixed. Each diffuser of the R-C-p type raster contains one open spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2c and an open flat deflecting micromirror 2p optically conjugated to it. Each R-S-c raster light diffuser contains one open spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2c and an open cylindrical open scattering-deflecting micromirror 2c. In the designation of the “1p” screen, the letter “p” means that the screen is rear-projected. In the designations of “R-S-p” and “R-S-ts” type rasters, the first letter “P” means that the rasters are intended for rear projection, the second capital letter “C” means that in each diffuser of these rasters there is one wide spherical focusing micromirror 2c. The third letter “p” in the “R-C-p” type raster means that in each diffuser there is also one deflecting flat micromirror 2p. The third letter “ts” in the “R-S-ts” type raster means that in each diffuser there is also one cylindrical 2c micromirror. The letter “c” in the designations of micromirrors “2c” means that it is a wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror. The letter "p" in the designations of micromirrors "2n" means that it is a small flat deflecting micromirror. The letter “c” in the designation of micromirrors “2c” means that it is a small cylindrical deflecting-scattering micromirror. The projection projection beams a or projection beams a ₁ from the end mirror are directed from the back to the screen at an angle β to the plane of this screen for each spherical micromirror 2c. The spherical mirror 2c is designed to focus these rays to form vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering projection diagram (not indicated in the figure) and deviation of focused rays to a flat micromirror 2p. Each flat micromirror 2p or cylindrical micromirror 2c is inclined to the plane of the screen to reflect and deflect focused rays a ₂ into the observation sector of the screen projection. The cylindrical 2c micromirror further extends the projection in the horizontal angle γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram (to expand the observation sector parallel to the screen).

The figure 3 shows the front projection screen 1F. Three projectors 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 are located above the screen at different fixed points of the projection angles. On the front side of this screen is fixed a complex raster of type Ф-С-2п + ц (containing in one layer elements of three individual rasters combined in one diffuser with a common 2c micromirror for all three rasters. Two individual rasters differ in that in each common diffuser there are also one 2p-l micromirror flat for one raster, and a 2p-micromirror for another raster. A 2p-micromirror is made with an inclination to the screen plane to allow the projection to deviate to the left side from the vertical plane a perpendicular to the screen and passing through the center of the screen. The 2p-pr micromirror is made with a different inclination to the screen plane to allow the projection to deviate to the right side from the vertical plane perpendicular to the screen and passing through the center of the screen. For the third individual raster in each common diffuser also 2c cylindrical deflecting-scattering micromirror to expand the projection in the horizontal angle γ _G (to expand the observation sector to the left and right in the direction parallel to screen). An open-type single-layer optical raster contains diffusers with open micromirrors located in one layer on the plane of the screen. In the designation of the raster type "FC-S-2P + C": the first letter "F" means that the raster is intended for front projection, the second letter "K" means that the raster is complex, the third capital letter "c" means that each diffuser is complex the raster has one wide spherical micromirror 2c (common to all three individual rasters). The number “2” with the fourth letter “n” means that each diffuser of the complex raster also has two small flat deflecting micromirrors 2n. The fifth letter “C” means that each diffuser of a complex raster also has a small deflecting-scattering cylindrical micromirror 2ts. The letter "f" in the designation of the screen "1fk" means that the front-projection screen. The letter “c” in the designation of the micromirror “2c” means that it is a spherical focusing micromirror. The projection projection rays a (or rays a ₁ from the end mirror, not shown in the figure) are directed to the entire frontal area of the screen 1f at an angle β of the inclination of these rays to the screen plane. All spherical micromirrors 2c of the complex raster are distributed across the screen and directed to completely capture these projection rays into these rays completely. The spherical mirror 2c is intended for focusing these rays within the vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _G (not shown in the figure) and deflecting the focused rays on flat micromirrors 2n or on a cylindrical micromirror 2ts. Each flat micromirror 2p or cylindrical micromirror 2c is inclined to the plane of the screen to reflect and deflect focused rays a ₂ into the corresponding observation sector of the screen projection. The cylindrical 2c micromirror further extends the projection in the horizontal angle γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram (expands the observation sector in a direction parallel to the screen).

In each diffuser of complex rasters with a common spherical focusing mirror, there can be a larger number of flat and / or cylindrical deflecting and expanding projections of micromirrors. These flat micromirrors can be mounted in a row in each diffuser and differ in a row by different angles of inclination to the screen plane vertically or horizontally. Such rows of flat micromirrors provide the viewer with a choice of different options for forming the width of the observation sectors of screen projections (for collective or individual observation) or the number of these sectors (for multi-angle projection) formed by the corresponding tilt angles of flat or cylindrical micromirrors. Integrated rasters provide the ability to remotely or automatically select a projection (by automatically switching and / or moving video projectors at different fixed points of the projection angles to include the corresponding flat or cylindrical micromirrors of the complex raster). This ensures remote or automatic combination of the observation sector of the screen projection with the area of the viewer or several viewers when they are located in different sectors or movements in front of a common projection screen.

For end projection, you can use standard video projectors with liquid crystal, micromirror or LED projection video matrices (displays) of a standard or transformed (constructively or programmed video correction without loss of resolution) rectangular format of the projected image. To form a projection of a rectangular format into the format of an isosceles trapezoid, the optical axis of the projection lens of the video projector must be tilted at a calculated angle to the plane of the video matrix to form a trapezoid in the frame space with the required height, upper and lower bases of the isosceles trapezoid, taking into account the angle of inclination of the projection axis to the screen plane . To reduce the angles between the projection axis and the screen plane, a cylindrical anamorphic lens or anamorphic nozzle mounted on the projection lens for macro photography (macro projection with minimum increase or minimum decrease) is used. The primary trapezoidal projection in the air is formed by this projection lens with a minimum magnification (macro photography). For maximum luminous efficiency, the luminous flux of the projected images formed by the illumination of these video matrices or the lenses of the LEDs of the video matrices should be directed with minimal losses into the area of the aperture diaphragm of this lens. This aerial image is projected with magnification on the projection screen by the second projection lens. To do this, the optical axis of the second projection lens should be tilted to the plane of the trapezoidal image sharply depicted by the first projection lens, sharply projecting this image at a calculated angle to the screen plane and transforming the trapezoidal image into a rectangular or square format onto a plane - the entire screen or a part of the screen with taking into account the receipt of a screen image without geometric distortions and without loss of physical resolution on the screen formed by the video matrix. For maximum luminous efficiency, the luminous flux of the formed trapezoidal image should be directed with minimal losses into the aperture diaphragm of the second lens.

In figure 4, the whole or pre-assembled rear-projection screen 1p with an optical raster 2p (on the back of this screen for rear-projection) is made of 9 separate projection sections 1c. In each projection section 1c, one end mirror 4c is installed on the upper end face, and one 3pb projection unit is installed on the lower end face. The projection system contains a 3-channel multi-channel video projector connected to all nine 3pb projection units using 9 cables or wireless channels. In each section, the projection beams a from the projection unit 3pb of the video projector are directed to the end mirror, and the projection beams a ₁ reflected by this mirror are directed to the micromirror diffusers of the raster on the plane of the screen in the area of its section. A screen raster scatters these projection rays a ₂ from each section into a common sector of observation of a full-screen image (formed jointly by all sections of this screen) for all sections.

In figure 5, on a projection screen 1 on a full area of the screen 1e and two parts of this screen 2e and 3e, different individual rasters are formed according to the type of complex raster. At the ends of the screen in three fixed angles, there are three projection units connected to a common video projector, or three video projectors. Each video projector or projection unit is separately optically coupled to its individual raster to form a projection on the screen area by this individual raster, directed to the corresponding sector of observation of this projection by viewers (located only in this section). The first full-screen screen image 1e, formed by projection beams b (1e), directed by a raster from the entire area of the screen to sector 1c for comfortable viewing by spectators from sector 1c only. The second screen image 2e is formed by projection beams b (2e) directed by the raster from the area of the screen 2e to sector 2c for comfortable viewing by the viewers from sector 2c only. And the third screen image 3e is formed by projection beams b (3e) directed by the raster from the area of the screen 3e to sector 3c. The projection system in different sectors of observation provides simultaneous observation of general or individual video programs.

In figure 6, in view D, view E, view 3 (with increase) and view K (with increase), optical schemes of the projection unit of the video projector are presented. The projection unit 3a (shown by the outline outlined by the dot-dash line) contains an RGB color video matrix 10 with a plane of triads of RGB LEDs (R is red, G is green and B is blue). The LEDs are associated with electronic keys for electronic modulation by the video signal of the brightness and color of each pixel (image element) of the projected frame formed by the triad of R, G and B LEDs. Above the plane of the LEDs, an optical flat matrix of the focal raster 11 from a plurality of mirror hollow pyramidal microphones formed in the plane of the matrix is fixed on the matrix. A flat lens optical array 12 of a plurality of microlenses is attached to the focal matrix in parallel, optically conjugated so that any one microfocus is closed by one microlens, and the narrow output window of this microfocus is located in the area of the input window of this microlens to form a focused beam of LED light from the output window microphone into the estimated area of the input window of the projection lens 13.

On view G and view And shows views in terms of the projection matrix of the trapezoidal format for the formation of the projected frame of the trapezoidal format. A projection lens 13 for projection with an optical magnification of the projected frame (formed by this video matrix) is mounted on the projection screen above the video matrix. To the axis bc (perpendicular to the plane of the video matrix and passing through the center of the plane of this video matrix), the optical axis g-d of the projection lens 13 is inclined at an angle ϕ. The inlet of this lens is located at a calculated distance from the plane of the video matrix to provide sharpness of the screen image and optical transformation of the trapezoidal frame (formed by the video matrix) with this lens into a rectangular format of the screen image. In the plane of the microfocal matrix, each individual microfocus is made in the form of a hollow pyramid with side surfaces mirrored from the inside and a hole-like lumen wide entrance window and a hole-lumen narrow exit window. Each microphone fills with a wide input window the triad of RGB LEDs of one pixel of the image projected by the video matrix. The narrow exit window of any one microphone is combined and optically coupled to the center of the microlens base. This ensures mixing and narrowing of the cross section of the light rays of RGB LEDs in the output window of the microfocus and focusing of these rays with this microlens in the area of the input window of the projection lens 13. The geometric shape and dimensions of each microfocus, the size of the area of the output window with the dimensions of the sides and and to for each microfocus, the shape and location of each microlens relative to the output window of the microphone and the entrance pupil of the projection lens are made taking into account the maximum luminous efficiency of the projection unit. The size and geometric shape of the area of the output window of each microphone are made taking into account the location and shape on the screen of the micromirrors of the optical raster, forming subpixel image elements with the possibility of minimizing the visibility of the moire and to increase the uniformity of brightness and color accuracy along the field of the observed screen image.

The projection system operates as follows.

In figure 1 front projection system operates as follows. On the front side of the front projection screen 1ph (mounted vertically) with an optical raster 2f form a screen projection. Projector 3 directs a projection beam for this projection with projection beams a directed by the projector at an angle α to the plane of the screen and the entire area of the end mirror 4. This projection beam is optically expanded by the projector lens to the width of the screen on the side of the edge of the mirror 4 at the end of the screen. Then this projection beam is reflected by mirror 4 in the direction of the plane of the screen raster surface at an angle α to this plane (to distribute all the rays a ₁ (reflected by this mirror) over the entire plane of the screen raster)). All projection beams a _{1 are} completely captured by the 2f micromirror diffusers of the screen raster, then each projection spherical micromirror focuses and deflects the projection beam (spherical and deflecting raster micromirrors) into the observation sector of screen images. The angles of convergence of the rays when focused by spherical micromirrors provide the required vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering pattern of projection rays a ₂ . Deflecting spherical, flat or cylindrical micromirrors provide a projection deviation from the screen into the observation sector of a full-screen image. A screen made of a wrinkled black anti-reflective grid with hole wide cells can be collapsed in the idle position and deployed to the required width to form the desired screen image format. On the back side, the screen is curtained with a black anti-reflective curtain 5 for complete absorption of spurious rays of the external illumination of the screen (passing to this curtain through the gaps of the hole cells of the screen). If you need to monitor the background screen, this curtain is removed from the screen. On the curtain 5, a fan with a filter for cleaning and drying the air sucks in the outside air and blows all the micro-mirrors of the light diffusers through the air duct 8 (for permanent protection from dust and moisture on the working surfaces of these micro-mirrors). Full anti-glare protection of the screen image is provided by black screen surfaces, blackened surfaces of diffusers, black masks around the projection lens, black surface of the projector and black curtain 5 and mirror surfaces of micromirrors that reflect these black surfaces towards the viewer or deflect spurious rays outside the viewing sector of screen images.

In figure 2 (in the figure in the upper row on the left), a type P-C raster functions as follows. The raster is mounted on the back of the rear-projection screen 1p. Each diffuser is made with one spherical wide micromirror 2c, which forms a pixel or subpixel element of the screen image. This micromirror captures projection beams a (directed by the projector) or projection beams a ₁ (directed by the end mirror) incident at an angle β to the plane of this screen on the working mirror surface of the micromirror 2c. Then, the projection beams are focused by the spherically-concave surface of this micromirror to form a projection beam with rays a ₂ diverging in the vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram provided by the shape and size of the area and radius of the sphere of the spherical segment of this micromirror 2s. The spherical micromirror 2c simultaneously deflects the focused projection beam into the observation sector of the screen image by the calculated vertical and horizontal angles due to the corresponding angle of inclination of this micromirror to the plane of the screen.

In figure 2 (in the figure in the upper row on the right), the R-P-S raster functions as follows. The raster is mounted on the back of the rear-projection screen 1p. Each diffuser of this raster contains one flat wide deflecting micromirror 2p closed by a screen and one open wide spherical segmented focusing micromirror 2c. A flat micromirror 2p captures projection beams a (directed by the projector) or projection beams a ₁ (directed by an end mirror) incident at an angle β to the plane of this screen on the working mirror surface of this micromirror 2P. Then the micromirror 2P reflects and deflects the captured projection beams onto the working mirror surface of the spherical micromirror 2c. Then the micromirror 2c focuses these projection beams to form a projection beam with rays a ₂ diverging in the vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram (provided by the shape and size of the area and the radius of the sphere of the spherical segment of this micromirror 2c). The spherical micromirror 2c simultaneously deflects the focused projection beam into the observation sector of the screen image by the calculated vertical and horizontal angles due to the corresponding angle of inclination of this micromirror to the plane of the screen.

In figure 2 (in the figure in the lower row on the left) the rasters of type Ф-С-п and type Ф-С-ц function as follows. The rasters are mounted on the front of the front projection screen 1f. Each F-C-p type raster diffuser contains one open wide spherical focusing micromirror 2c and one open flat small deflecting micromirror 2p. Each diffuser of the Ф-С-ц type raster contains one open wide spherical focusing micromirror 2c and one open flat small deflecting and widening projection cylindrical micromirror 2c. The spherical micromirror 2c captures projection beams a (directed by the projector) or projection beams a ₁ (directed by the end mirror) incident at an angle β to the plane of this screen on the working mirror surface of this micromirror 2c. Then the micromirror 2c focuses these projection beams to form a projection beam with a ₂ rays diverging in the vertical angles γ _B and horizontal angles γ _{G of} the directional light scattering diagram (provided by the shape and size of the area and radius of the sphere of the spherical segment of this micromirror 2c), and rejects it on a flat micromirror 2p. Then the micromirror 2n rejects these projection rays a ₂ into the observation sector of the screen image by the calculated vertical and horizontal angles due to the corresponding angle of inclination of the micromirror 2n to the plane of the screen. A raster of the type F-S-c functions similarly, only a cylindrical micromirror with a deviation additionally (to expand the viewing sector of the screen image) expands the projection beam by reflecting this beam from the cylindrical surface of this micromirror.

In figure 2 (in the figure in the lower row on the right), the R-C-p type raster and the R-F-C-c type raster function similarly to the F-C-p and type F-C-rasters. The rasters are mounted on the back of the rear-projection screen 1p. Projection beams a (directed by the projector) or projection beams a ₁ (directed by the end mirror), incident at an angle β to the plane of this screen, fall on spherical micromirrors from the back of the screen. Subsequent functions and processes of projection formation by these rasters are similar to the functions and processes of a raster of type F-C-c and a raster of type F-C-c.

In figure 3, a complex raster of the type FC-S-2p + c operates as follows. Above the screen at three different fixed points of the projection angles, one projector is installed: the first 3-1, the second 3-2 and the third 3-3. The raster is mounted on the front side of the front projection screen 1f. Each diffuser of a complex raster for a frontal projection contains one common open wide spherical focusing micromirror 2s, one flat small micromirror 2p-l (for deflecting the projection to the left), one flat small micromirror 2p-pr (for deflecting the second projection to the right) and one small cylindrical micromirror 2c (to expand the central projection directed directly from the screen). When the projector 3-1 is independently turned on for projection, an individual raster of the F-S-p type (forming a narrow projection, deflected by the 2p-pr micromirror to the right side from the vertical axis of symmetry of the screen) is turned on for projection. When the projector 3-2 is independently turned on for projection, an individual raster of the Ф-С-п type (forming a narrow-projection, deflected by a 2p-micromirror to the left side of the vertical axis of symmetry of the screen) is turned on for projection. When both projectors 3-1 and 3-2 are turned on, simultaneous viewing of these two individual projections by different viewers is provided in the observation sector of the projection deflected to the left and in the observation sector of the projection deflected to the right. When the 3-3 projector is independently turned on, an individual raster of the type Ф-С-ц is included in the work, forming a wide central projection for collective observation of a full-screen image in a wide central viewing sector of this image.

In figure 6, the projection unit operates as follows. The video matrix 10 with an RGB video monitor (for generating a projected image of a trapezoidal format) is connected to a video signal generating unit. A projected image of a trapezoidal format without video correction is formed by all pixels on a video monitor with triads of RGB LEDs in each pixel by a video signal. Projection beams a ₄ from a triad of RGB LEDs of any one pixel of the image of the projection formed are concentrated by the mirror side surfaces of one microphone (microphone array 11), since this microphone completely optically covers these LEDs and mixes all the color RGB rays in the area of the output window of this microphone . Compressed mikrofokonom beam projection beams ₄ and is captured by the microlens 12. The microlens matrix ₅ a projection rays (rays and ₄ entrained microlens of focon) collected in shotgun a projection light beam ₆ directed by all lenses in the entrance pupil plane of the projection lens 13. The optical axis of the projection the gd lens is oriented at an angle ϕ to the b-axis, perpendicular to the plane of the video matrix 10 monitor. The projection lens 13 enlarges the image projected from the video monitor in the trap format tions on the projection screen with optical transformation of the projection of the screen image observed by the audience on the screen in a rectangular format.

The proposed projection systems provide new and more efficient technical, operational and economic parameters:

- minimum power consumption from 1 to 8 W per square meter of screen image with a visual comfortable brightness of 1000 cd, taking into account the formation of the proposed video projector of average brightness, 5 times lower than the peak projection brightness, using highly directional screens with a brightness gain of 6 units (for collective observation ) up to 24 units (for individual observation), which increases the luminous efficiency of the projection system hundreds of times (compared with liquid crystal or plasma monitors, and therefore tionary, ten-fold increases in energy efficiency when viewing high-definition projections on large television screens, video monitors and on movie screens;

- maximum contrast (more than 10,000 units) of the screen image illuminated by the sun or bright light bulbs;

- the possibility of manufacturing transformable screens with the minimum dimensions outside the working position and the minimum weight (with a weight of 300-500 g of the screen with an area of 1 sq. m) for transforming the formats and areas of the screens by contour stretching and self-tightening the screen material or compressing the screen shape like blinds from vertical stripes either by the type of curtains, or by means of inflatable screen supports, electrostatic stretching, assembling a whole screen from parts (the designs and manufacturing techniques of transformable screens are similar to screen designs s proposed by the author in the patent application of the Russian Federation No. 20111111366 for the invention of the "matrix indicator");

Industrial applicability

All proposed projection systems and video projectors can be widely used for the projection of various slide and video images of any size and format. The proposed projection systems can be easily and mass produced on standard equipment using standard technologies. Such projection screens are the easiest for mass production of cheap TVs (can be made quickly on automated machines and conveyors). Therefore, the industrial feasibility of the invention is obvious.

Claims (14)

1. The projection system with an end projection comprises a viewer projection screen for frontal projection or rear projection with anti-reflective coating; one or more projectors with a projection beam directed to the screen area are installed in front of the front projection screen or behind the rear projection screen, or one or more flat end mirrors are installed at the ends of this screen, inclined to the plane of this screen to reflect the projection beam of the projector onto the screen plane or onto another end mirror; projectors are optically coupled to the plane of the screen or to the plane of the end mirrors, tilted and conjugated to the plane of the screen to direct projection beams over the entire area of the screen or in part of the screen area, at angles of incidence to the plane of the screen, approximately at an angle of 3-30 degrees between these beams and screen plane; the screen is made with an optical reflective raster of micromirror diffusers of projection beams; projection system, characterized in that in the first embodiment, the front projection screen is made with an anti-reflective coating of either a solid black or transparent thin plate, film or fabric, the micro-mirrors of the optical raster are mounted on the front side of this screen, in another embodiment, the front projection or rear projection screen is made of perforated matt -black anti-reflective material in the form of a film, fabric or mesh with transparent holes between the micromirrors for transparency of the screen and the opening of micromirrors; in the first embodiment of an optical screen raster, each diffuser of this raster is made with one concave-spherical segmented micromirror; in another embodiment of the screen raster, each diffuser of this raster is made with one concave-spherical segmented micromirror and one or two flat micromirrors; in the third embodiment of the screen raster, each diffuser of this raster is made with one spherically concave segmented micromirror, with one cylindrical convex or concave segmented micromirror; in the fourth embodiment of the screen raster, each diffuser of this raster is made with one spherically concave segmented micromirror, with one flat micromirror and one cylindrical convex or concave segmented micromirror; the micromirrors of the diffusers are open from the side of incidence and reflection of the projection beams to these micromirrors and are optically coupled to each other in the diffuser, with the projection beams and the plane of the end mirror and the screen; the areas of these micromirrors, the radius of curvature of spherical and cylindrical micromirrors, the angles of inclination of the micromirrors to the plane of the screen are made taking into account the optimal capture, focusing and deviation of the projection rays from the projector or the end mirror to the viewing sector by the viewers of the screen images, taking into account the formation of the pattern of directional light scattering of the projection and reflection of spurious rays beyond the observation sector of screen images and the formation of an antiglare zone reflected by these micromirrors into the observation sector Nia, which screen elements and the non-mirror surface of the micromirror painted matt black paint, for full protection of anti-glare screen is fixed on a black background or black anti-glare surface, the screen or by curtains from the backside matte-black curtain; For anti-glare protection, micromirrors deflecting the projection into the observation sector are made with a minimum area, and an anti-glare zone is created around the projection lens with an area corresponding to the area of this deflecting micromirror, for which the projector around the projection lens is painted in matte black, or on the projection lens of the projector a blackened outline hood or black mask is fixed, or on the lens side the projector or the projection unit of the video matrix with the projection lens is painted matte ny color, or black, or the projector projection unit located on the matte-black background for reflection deflecting the micromirrors in the on-screen image observation sector only projection rays and black image of black anti-reflective background. 2. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the micromirrors of the diffusers of the screen raster are located on the screen in the number and order of location on the screen, taking into account the maximum reduction in the visibility of the moire in the observation sector of a full-screen image, for example, micromirrors are installed at optimal points on the screen that are optically paired with projection pixels falling onto the screen, and taking into account the combination of each projection pixel with one micromirror, or the number of micromirrors for each projection pixel on the screen enlarged to form subpixel elements of the screen image, or subpixel micromirrors are located at the calculated points of their pixel on the screen image in a checkerboard pattern or with a stepwise shift relative to the contour lines of the projected pixels, taking into account the viewer's visibility of the minimum number of subpixels of the screen image (creating moire visible in the observation sector ) 3. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen system in one embodiment is made with one or more screens, each screen is made with a different optical raster, the screens are located on a mechanism for the viewer to horizontally shift these screens when the viewer selects the screen with the desired raster , in another embodiment, either the screen is made of strips such as blinds with a different raster on different sides of the screen strips, and the screen strips are fixed to the mechanism for turning, assembling in a compact volume or compact packaging and turning into position on either side of the screen. 4. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that several projectors are located in different fixed views of the projections with the ability to manually, remotely or automatically turn the viewer on and off these projectors, or the projector or several projectors are mounted on a guide parallel to the end of the screen, with the possibility manual, remote or automatic displacement of these projectors along this guide to different fixed points of projection angles; for automatic switching or displacement of these projectors, the system has a unit for automatically turning on and off these projectors and auto-adjusting the fixed displacement of these projectors along this guide, the unit contains a signal sensor about the coordinates of the location of the viewer or viewers to process the control signal for automatically adjusting the displacement of the projectors, the projectors are made with automatic drives for automatic horizontal displacement of these projectors into fixed projection angles along the horizontal direction vlyayuschey, and one or more viewers or the remote control projection system are fixed beacons to supply the sensor signal autoregulated unit coordinates of the location or locations of spectators in front of the remote projection screen; a complex raster is formed on the total screen area, containing several individual rasters for each raster to form an individual observation sector of a common or individual screen projection, for example, in the first embodiment of the complex raster design, each diffuser of the complex raster is made with one segmented spherical focusing micromirror with a calculated area and shape and curvature spheres of a micromirror and the inclination of this mirror to the plane of the screen for focusing at different points of several lenses projectors located at different points of the fixed projection angles by these projectors, a flat or cylindrical micromirror is installed at each specific focusing point of one projection, a flat or cylindrical micromirror at each focusing differs from micromirrors located at other focusing points by the angle of inclination to the plane of the screen, the radius of curvature of the surface of a cylindrical micromirror, flat and cylindrical micromirrors are made with a minimum linen area of the mirror; in another embodiment, the complex raster contains several individual rasters, combined in the total area of the screen, each diffuser of an individual raster is made with one segmented spherical focusing micromirror and one flat or one cylindrical micromirror, to form each individual raster and projector located at the corresponding fixed projection point for an individual sector of observation of a screen image, in the third embodiment, a multicomplex raster is executed It consists of several individual complex rasters, each individual complex raster is made according to the first version of the complex raster, and all rasters are combined in the total area of the screen. 5. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of separate vertical or horizontal strips assembled into a constructive system such as blinds, the strips are fixed to the mechanism of manual, remotely controlled or automatic rotation and sliding by the viewer of all or part of the screen strips, screen the strips are fixed on the mechanism of manual, remotely controlled or automatic sliding and turning by the viewer of all or part of the screen strips in the working position to form the required projection area screen, or the desired screen format, as well as for shifting the screen strips into a compact package of strips in the idle position. 6. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear-projection system is multi-sectional, the whole screen on the reverse side is made up of several screen sections with autonomous rear-projection in each section to form a full-screen image without visible joints between the sections on the whole screen, in each one or more end mirrors are installed on the screen section at one or several ends to reflect the projection onto the mirror raster in the area of this section, and opposite to a certain end mirror is installed respectively one or several projectors or projection optical units with the projection lens and the video matrix are connected to the video controller to form a multiscreen image or video projector with a multichannel video output. 7. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of bendable, or wrinkled, or elastically stretchable screen fabric, or film, or screen mesh, separate light diffusers or groups of raster light diffusers are separately fixed to the screen film or threads of the screen mesh the gaps between the screen pads for fixing micromirrors, the screen material between the pads of the diffusers is made with anti-reflective coating or transparent, and the cells of the screen mesh are made with hole gaps and for observing screen projections on a visible external background behind the screen and the possibility of sweeping or stretching this screen to the size of the full screen area or the required screen image format, as well as for the possibility of the viewer folding the screen or part of it in the idle position; and for full anti-glare protection of the screen image, a black matte curtain is attached to the transparent screen or the screen is placed on a black matte surface. 8. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that between the projection screen and the support airtight surface on which this screen is fixed, or the projection screen and the airtight anti-reflective curtain, an air duct zone is formed, a fan is connected to the air duct zone with a filter for suction, drainage and purification of dust from the air drawn in by the fan outside the air duct zone to supply dried and clean air to the air duct zone, and in front of each micromirror on the area of this screen The diffuser has a hole for purging these micromirrors with dry and clean air directed from the air duct. 9. The projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection screen is closed on the front side by a transparent matte black mesh or transparent strong film with anti-reflective coating or protective glass with anti-reflective coating, while the projection system is additionally closed from the back for outdoor use a protective box to protect the screen and projector from atmospheric influences, temperature extremes and solar radiation. 10. The projection system according to p. 10, characterized in that the screen or its parts are made on rotary racks with the possibility of rotation around the axis of this rack of the screen or its parts under the pressure of the wind on the plane of the screen or its parts, for which each this screen stand or its parts are located with an offset relative to the vertical axis of symmetry and the center of gravity of the screen plane, a spring or damper is installed on the screen or on the stand to allow the screen to return to its working position in light wind. 11. A video projector for the projection system according to claim 1, comprising a video monitor for generating projected black and white or color frames of a trapezoidal format, an electronic video signal generation unit with video inputs for connecting external video sources and with video outputs for connecting this video matrix; a projection lens is mounted in front of the plane of formation of the projected frames by the RGB video monitor at a calculated angle of inclination of the optical axis of this lens to the plane of this RGB video monitor with the possibility of optical projection with optical zoom and transformation of frames projected from this video monitor by the lens onto the projection screen to form the observed screen image in rectangular format, characterized in that the video matrix is structurally made with a geometric arrangement of pixel elements trapezoidal format on an RGB video monitor for direct generation of a projected trapezoidal format frame without video program frame transformation, the number of image pixels in a trapezoidal format frame projected by this RGB video monitor is equal to the number of rectangular format pixels for generating an observed image in a rectangular format on the projection screen without loss of resolution with uniform brightness across the field of the screen image observed by the audience. 12. The video projector according to claim 11, characterized in that in the video matrix the RGB video monitor for forming the projected full-color frame is made of a matrix of LEDs R - red, G - green B - blue, the LEDs are located on the plane of the video monitor, in the area of each pixel is an element of the generated projected image - there is a triad of LEDs R - red, G - green and B - blue, and these image pixels are located on the video monitor in raster order for direct imaging of a trapezoidal shape The one with full physical resolution corresponding to the resolution of the rectangular format, above the plane of all the LEDs there is a flat optical microfocal array made in the form of a plate of hollow pyramidal microphones with inside mirrored side surfaces and a hole luminal wide entrance window and a narrow hole luminous exit window, above the microphone array a flat optical microlens matrix of spherical focusing microlenses is installed; any one micro the input window optically closes the pixel area with the triad of RGB LEDs, the output window of this microphone is aligned and optically coupled to the center of the base of one microlens of the lens array to narrow and mix the RGB rays of the RGB LEDs in the area of this window of the microphone and the rays are deflected by the microlens into the area the projection lens inlet, the geometric shape and the size of the output window area of each microfocus are made taking into account the decrease in the clarity of the moire from the micromirrors of the raster it on the projection screen, ensure uniformity of brightness and color accuracy across the field of the screen image, the audience observed. 13. The video projector according to claim 11, characterized in that it is made with several projection blocks and a multi-channel electronic block for generating video signals, the block is made with several video inputs for inputting video signals from several sources of video information and video inputs for outputting video signals from different channels to projection blocks connected to these video outputs, the unit is configured to form a separate channel on each video output of a separate video signal to form an entire frame or part of a frame, of the projected image, each projection block contains an RGB video matrix for forming frames of a trapezoidal format and a projection lens optically coupled to this video matrix for projecting on a common viewer screen a part of a frame, or a whole frame, or frames of various screen images in a rectangular format, for observers to observe these images from one or different sectors of observation. 14. The video projector according to claim 11, characterized in that the projection unit of this projector contains one projection lens and several interchangeable video matrices differing in the number and / or pixel format of the projected frame and / or the format and / or size of the projected frame, and to replace of these matrices, the block contains a mechanism for manual or automatic replacement and reinstallation of any video matrix into the working position in front of the lens.

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