RU2605886C1 - Method of fencing weapons blades making - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to sports arms field and can be used during production of fencing weapons blades, in particular backswords, sabres and court swords blades, to increase blade handle and welded seam strength properties while saving used expensive steel and increasing blade rigidity. Two large diameter bar workpieces 1 from carbon steel and smaller diameter polished bar workpiece 2 from martensite-ageing steel are connected by contact butt welding. Then, performing reduction of semi-finished product by cold rolling to form first double stepped workpiece, and then blade required profile: for rapier is rectangular, for sabre is trapezoidal and for court sword is V-shaped.

EFFECT: after deformation performing machining with subsequent thermal treatment, carried out in two stages, first hardening only blade section from carbon steel, then, performing tempering of whole blade, wherein performing simultaneous tempering for blade section from martensite-ageing steel and for blade section from carbon steel.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of sports weapons and can be used in the manufacture of fencing weapon blades, in particular blades of rapier, saber and epee.

A known method of production of sports fencing weapons according to the application of France N 2515332, F41В 13/02, publ. 1983, when a thin bar of variable cross-sectional length is obtained from a bar stock by hot deformation (hot stamping, forging on radial forging machines or forging manually), after which the product is machined and heat treated.

These methods have a number of significant disadvantages. Common shortcomings of hot metal processing processes are: environmental damage, the inability to obtain the exact dimensions of the workpiece, which is why the blades have to be grinded, which leads to excessive metal consumption, as well as grinding burns, which reduce the quality of the blades. Hot stamping requires expensive bulky equipment. The use of a radial forging machine is characterized by a slow speed of product pulling and makes it difficult to use this method in the mass production of fencing weapons. With manual forging, macrodefects are often formed in the body of the blade, leading to a sudden breakdown of the blade during the battle and injury to the opponent.

A known method of manufacturing steel blades of fencing weapons from maraging steel by hot rolling or drawing according to patent RU 2000861, IPC ⁵ B21B 3/02, publ. 10/15/1993, although more productive, it also has common disadvantages characteristic of hot deformation processes. In addition, the manufacture of a solid blade made of expensive alloy steel increases its cost.

A known method of manufacturing blades of sports weapons according to patent RU 2037128, IPC ⁵ F41B 13/02, publ. 1992. According to a known method, a polished bar stock from maraging steel is rolled cold in two transitions with the formation of a blade profile and is mechanically and thermally processed.

The known method allows you to form a tough strong part of the blade rapiers, sabers, swords without surface and internal defects, which meets the requirements of sportsmen-masters. However, for the manufacture of such a blade, a rather expensive high-alloy steel is used - martensitic-aging, as a result of which the cost of the produced blades becomes more expensive.

From the prior art, in British patent N 2191709, A63B 69/02, publ. 1987, a method of manufacturing fencing blades is known, devoid of the above disadvantage. According to the well-known invention, the blade is made of two initial bar stocks of different steel grades: the most loaded working part coming from the point is made of expensive maraging steel recommended by the International FIE Fencing Federation, and the rest is made of cheap carbon steel. Both rods have the same initial section in the form of a square 6.25 × 6.25 mm or a circle with a diameter of 6 mm. The rods are welded to each other by contact, electron beam or plasma method. The cooked semi-finished product is subjected to crimping forging to obtain the desired shape and heat treatment. The welded section is reinforced by installing a sleeve made of steel, aluminum, plastic, etc., and securing it in any way, for example, with glue, welding, bolts, rivets, clamps.

However, a relatively small cross-section of the rods in the welding zone (6.25 × 6.25 mm - if the cross-section is square, and a diameter of 6 mm - if the cross-section is circular) does not provide a strong connection, as a result of which in some cases breakages are observed blades in place of welding. For the same reason (the initial section of bars in the thick part is not rigid enough), the resulting blades have excessive galling, which does not suit fencers, and such blades are used mainly by novice athletes during training. In addition, the presence of the third part - the sleeve - only complicates the manufacturing process of the blade and does not increase its rigidity in the strong part, since this connection is detachable.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed invention, i.e. the prototype is a method of manufacturing blades of fencing weapons described in patent RU 2174559, IPC ⁷ C21D 8/00, F41B 13/02, A63B 69/02, publ. 10/10/2001, According to the known invention, the blade of the fencing weapon is made as follows. A cylindrical billet of cheap carbon steel and a billet of expensive martensitic-aging steel, having equal diameters, are joined by welding. The weld zone is subjected to hardening by cold rolling with a degree of deformation of 2-10%. Then, the semi-finished product is compressed by cold rolling the working part of the blade with the formation of the required profile and heat treatment is aging at a temperature of 460-480 °.

A disadvantage of the known technical solution chosen for the prototype is that the used process of hardening the weld by cold rolling with a deformation degree of 2-10% can only be performed on welded workpieces having the same diameters. This leads to the fact that for blades, for example for swords, which have a significant increase in the size of the working part of the blade at the handle, it is necessary to use workpieces made of expensive martensitic-aging steel with a large diameter, which increases its consumption. The transfer of the weld to a section with a smaller diameter is not possible, since in this case it will be on the working part of the blade, which is subjected to cold deformation by rolling with a degree of deformation of 30-70%, which will lead to the destruction of the weld. In addition, the heat treatment of the entire blade - aging at a temperature of 460-480 ° - does not provide sufficient strength for the handle of the blade made of carbon steel, and in some cases, under heavy loads acting on the blade, especially when fencing by physically strong athletes, the handle may bend that is unacceptable.

The present invention is aimed at eliminating the above disadvantages, namely, to increase the strength properties of the handle of the blade and the weld, while saving expensive expensive steel and increasing the rigidity of the blade.

To solve the problem in a method for manufacturing fencing weapon blades, which includes welding two initial bar stocks, one of which is made of maraging steel and the other is made of carbon steel, crimping the welded semi-finished product by cold rolling to form a blade profile and machining it with subsequent heat treatment by aging, according to the claimed invention, as the starting material for welding, bar stocks of different diameters are selected, while Application of carbon steel having a larger diameter, and the preform from maraging steel - a smaller diameter.

Another difference of the proposed method is that in the process of machining obtained by cold rolling the blade carry out profiling of its thick part made of carbon steel, with the formation of the handle.

Another difference of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the heat treatment is carried out in two stages: at first, only the carbon steel blade section with the handle is tempered, and its subsequent tempering is carried out simultaneously with the aging of the martensitic-aging steel blade section.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed invention is characterized by the presence of new operations, mode of execution, as well as another condition for the operation of welding workpieces.

A patent search showed that at present there is no known method for the manufacture of fencing weapon blades, which has the same set of essential features as the proposed one. Thus, the claimed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

When studying the level of technology known in the art, the features that distinguish the claimed invention from the prototype were not identified and therefore they provide the claimed technical solution with the criterion of “inventive step”.

Making a blade of a fencing weapon from a semi-finished product obtained by welding two rods of different diameters, one of which, of a larger diameter, is made of cheap carbon steel, the other, of a smaller diameter, is made of expensive martensitic-aging steel, and also heat treatment of the entire blade in two stages : first, the hardening of the carbon part of the blade, and then the aging (tempering) of the entire blade allows you to save expensive martensitic-aging steel while increasing the strength properties of the handle nka and weld, as well as increasing the rigidity of the blade.

The above proves that the combination of distinctive features from the prototype of the features makes it possible to use the claimed technical solution in the manufacture of sports weapons, namely rapier, saber and swords, i.e. it meets the criteria of the invention of “industrial applicability”.

The present invention is schematically illustrated by drawings, where:

- FIG. 1 shows a welded twin billet of a fencing weapon blade: 1 - a billet of carbon steel, 2 - a billet of maraging steel, 3 - a weld;

- FIG. 2 - billet after preliminary rolling, separation and final rolling;

- FIG. 3 - blade of fencing weapons after machining and heat treatment in two stages: 4 - zone of hardening of carbon steel, 5 - aging zone of martensitic-aging steel;

- FIG. 4 is a section A-A in FIG. 3 (A′-A ′ is the profile section for the sword; A ″ -A ″ is the same for the rapier; A ′ ″ - A ′ ″ is the same for the saber).

A method of manufacturing blades of fencing weapons is as follows.

Two rod blanks 1 of a larger diameter made of cheap carbon steel and a rod blank 2 of a smaller diameter made of expensive martensitic-aging steel recommended by the International FIE Federation obtained by centerless grinding are joined by flash-butt welding. Next, the workpiece is fixed at both ends, counter-pulling and pulling forces are applied to them and the semi-finished product is cold rolled to form first a double stepped workpiece and then a blade profile: for rapier - rectangular, saber - trapezoidal and epee - V-shaped. The cold rolling process is carried out for a series of reciprocating movements of the workpiece, in which radial movement is reported to the non-driven rolls, the value of which is rigidly connected with the longitudinal movement of the workpiece and is determined by the processing program for each working stroke. After each working stroke, the workpiece is rotated around the longitudinal axis by 90 ° and its stroke value is changed in accordance with the increase in the length of the treated section.

After deformation, mechanical processing is carried out, followed by heat treatment, carried out in two stages - at first only the carbon steel blade section is hardened, then the entire blade is aged (tempered), and aging is simultaneously performed for the martensitic steel blade section and tempering for the section carbon steel blade.

Example

The specific implementation of the proposed method, consider the example of the manufacture of two blades of a sword at the same time, which, however, does not limit all the possibilities of the claimed invention.

To do this, take two bar stock 1 of carbon steel st. 45 with a diameter of 20 mm and bar stock 2 obtained by centerless grinding from EP-637BD martensitic aging steel with a diameter of 13.3 mm and joined by flash-butt welding to obtain a semi-finished product, the central part of which is blank 2, and the ends are blanks 1. In the process welds form a weld seam 3. Next, pre-rolling is carried out, in which a double stepped workpiece is obtained, in a special mill, sequentially in non-driven calibrated rolls of full coverage of the workpiece with a square profile of the stream: 10, 0 x 10.0; 9.0 × 9.0; 8.0 × 8.0; 7.0 × 7.0; 6.0 × 6.0; 5.5 × 5.5; 5.0 × 5.0 with a radial force on the rolls - 18 t.s., anti-tension forces - 0.4 t.s. The final cold rolling with the formation of the profile of the sword blade is carried out in rolls with a V-shaped caliber for 15 passes with a radial force on the rolls of 15 tp, axial pulling force up to 6 tp and anti-tension forces - 450 kgf.

The resulting blade is subjected to mechanical processing, which results in the formation of the handle and the thick part of the blade 1 (Fig. 3), then heat treatment, which is carried out in two stages: first, zone 4 of carbon steel is quenched by induction heating by high-frequency currents on a special installation to a temperature 860 ° C, cooling to oil, then the entire blade is simultaneously aged and tempered at a temperature of 460-480 ° C for 7 hours: aging for zone 5 of maraging steel, tempering for zone 4 of carbon steel.

At the end of the processing, the quality of the resulting sword blade made in accordance with the claimed invention was evaluated. For comparison, the sword blade was made and evaluated in accordance with the prototype of the patent RU 2174559. As studies have shown, the strength characteristics of the blade zone with a handle made of carbon steel, in accordance with the proposed method, are: σ _in = 910 MPa, HB = 280. For the prototype, these characteristics are significantly lower and are respectively σ _in = 480 MPa, HB = 150.

The consumption of expensive steel EP-637BD (which is very significant, since this steel is more than 40 times more expensive than carbon steel 45) according to the claimed invention is 200 g, while the prototype is 250 g

The quality of the weld was evaluated according to a known method by bending the workpieces at the place of welding. A weld was considered to be of high quality, which withstood a 90 ° bend without breaking and the appearance of visible cracks. As studies have shown, in both cases, the weld withstood a 90 ° bend without breaking and the appearance of visible cracks.

Thus, the proposed method along with the saving of expensive steel can improve the strength properties of the blade handle without compromising the quality of the weld, and also provides a more optimal configuration of the working part of the blade.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing blades of fencing weapons, including welding by welding two initial bar stocks, one of which is made of aging martensitic and the other is made of carbon steel, crimping a welded semi-finished product by cold rolling to form a blade profile and machining it with subsequent heat treatment, characterized in that, as the initial blanks for joining by welding, rods of different diameters are used, while the bar of carbon steel has a larger diameter, and the bar of m aging steel is a smaller diameter, during machining of the blade obtained by cold rolling, it is profiled for its part made of carbon steel with the formation of the blade handle, and heat treatment is carried out in two stages, and first, the sections of the carbon steel blade are hardened with the handle and then the tempering simultaneously of all sections of the blade made of carbon and martensitic aging steel.

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