RU2603849C2 - Floating coastal hydro wave power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydro wave power industry. Floating coastal hydro-wave power plant comprises electric current generators installed in a hold, providing generation of electric current during cyclic turns-swings of rotor or stator due to inclination of housing of floating means by angle of ±α by front of waves arriving thereat. Generators are installed with possibility of free rolling on fixed in various combinations across or along axis of housing of floating means pairs of parallel toothed racks with horizontal arrangement of teeth, engaged with reversible and/or non-reversible gears fitted in various combinations on ends of housings of generators and at ends of shafts of their rotors. Number of generators installed on racks can be more than one, due to joining of ends of their shafts with binding plates, and generators and racks can be installed in housing of floating vehicle in several tiers.

EFFECT: high efficiency of electric power generation.

23 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower, in particular to generators, elements of their structures and elements of their magnetic circuit; to the structural elements of windings, casings, housings and bearings; to devices for regulating mechanical energy, structurally interfaced with electric machines; to asynchronous and synchronous generators; including with permanent magnets; to collector generators of direct or pulsating direct or alternating current with mechanical or non-contact switching, to unipolar generators, to direct current generators with a drum or disk armature and continuous current collection; with the reciprocating, oscillatory or vibrational movement of the magnet, the armature or the coil system or any other element of the magnetic circuit.

Known devices for converting the energy of surface waves of water into electrical energy, based on the use of various physical properties (effects), which can be divided into four groups. The first is the direct conversion of wave energy into electrical energy. The devices of this simplest circuit consist only of an electric energy generator, to which the waves directly give their energy, such a circuit is an ideal case for conversion. Its implementation is possible, for example, on the basis of the piezoelectric effect (see book: Vershinsky N.V. Ocean Energy. - M .: Nauka, 1986. - P. 28).

However, power plants that use the piezoelectric effect to generate electricity do not yet exist. One of the main reasons is the insignificantly low power of piezoelectric sources, associated with the low value of the piezoelectric module, a dimensional coefficient that relates the amount of generated electricity to the pressure force on the piezoelectric crystal. Given the very low vibrational frequency of surface waves, one does not have to rely on obtaining important practical results on this path. A little electric energy will be released at the moment the wave crests strike the piezoelectric transducer, and the rest of the time there will be practically no voltage (see ibid., Pp. 29-30).

A two-element device is an electric current generator, its variants and methods for their installation (see patent for the invention of the Russian Federation IPC H02K 19/00 No. 2396673, Electric current generator, its variants and methods for their installation. Application No. 2009100832/09 of 12.01.09. Authors of the invention Nastasenko V.A. // BI No. 22 of 08/10/10.). The generator contains a rotor and a stator with a common longitudinal axis located horizontally, in which the cores with coils and the excitation system generate electric current, while the centers of mass of the rotor or stator are eccentrically offset relative to the longitudinal axis of their rotation, and to enable the rotation of statically unbalanced rotors or stators, they are freely installed, and their paired rotors or stators are rigidly fixed in a floating vehicle, which is able to oscillate at an angle ± α when moving and waves on the water and the possibility of a turn along the normal to the action of the waves due to the shape of its hull or vertical tail. In this case, the generators can be installed in frontal rows, or in rows one after another, and for the perception of oscillations of floating means in mutually perpendicular directions, the generators can be built perpendicularly into the hollow tubular rotor of the external generator, in which the rotor or stator is statically unbalanced, and due to their free suspension towards the center of the earth, they have the ability to make oscillations relatively fixed on. floating means of paired rotors and stators, under the action of waves on it, including in three mutually perpendicular planes, for which rotors or stators can be fixed, in one or more tiers, on a horizontal rotary platform mounted on a floating means and having the possibility of free rotation around its vertical axis, and on the turntable itself and the surfaces of the floating vehicle adjacent to it, cores with coils and an excitation system can be installed that provide electric power tric current. Rotors or stators can also be suspended from a horizontal platform, including in several tiers. The action of alternating current generators is based on the law of electromagnetic induction, discovered by Faraday, in which the inductible electromotive force is proportional to the rate of change of the magnetic flux (see book: Vershinsky N.V. Ocean Energy. - M .: Nauka, 1986. - P. 31) .

The disadvantages of these generators are the small force that drives its rotor or stator only due to the eccentricity of their masses, and the low speed of oscillation of the rotor relative to the stator, which reduces its power.

The elimination of these disadvantages is the task of this application, the solution of which is possible by increasing the speed of the magnetic flux and shifting the center of mass of the rotor by changing its design.

In the proposed application for the invention, the problem is solved by installing transversely or along the axis of the body of the floating means swayed by the waves at an angle ± α, in various combinations, pairs of gear racks parallel to each other with horizontally arranged teeth, on which electric current generators are installed with free rolling which are engaged with the teeth of these racks by reversible and / or non-reversible gears mounted in various combinations on the ends of the stators and on the shafts of the rotors. Moreover, the number of generators can be more than one, and they can also be installed in several tiers.

The proposed designs of hydrowaves floating power plants, their generators and their versions are shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a floating coastal hydro-electric power station with electric current generators 1 installed in this floating vehicle on parallel toothed racks 2 in holds 3 between sides 4, transversely (design 1) or along the axis (design 2) of body 5, which has a bottom a section with a base 6, transverse 7 and deck partitions 8 provide the required strength and stiffness, and the lead motor 9 with the drive 10 of the lead screw - the ability to move the floating vehicle into the shelter during a heavy storm. The ashore generated electric energy is provided by cable 11 with a coil 12, or in another way, including converting it into a microwave beam, and then converting it back to electric current with a receiver on the shore. Immersion of a floating craft is limited to waterline 13.

In version 1, the body of the floating vehicle is deployed by any side parallel to the front of the approach of the waves, and in version 2 - bow or stern to the front of the approach of the waves and is held in this position by anchors and / or other means, for example, the main propulsion engine 9, and / or special stabilization and / or thrusters. Moreover, in all cases of the body turning, the ends of the gear racks to the front of the wave approach are perpendicular.

The generators 1 have stators 14 and rotors 15 with a common longitudinal axis O about their rotation (version 3), located horizontally across a pair of parallel gear racks 2, mounted on the base 6 of the housing, the rotor shaft on both sides has protruding ends 16, on which gears 17 are fixed introduced into engagement with the teeth of the racks 2. In this case, the stators freely mounted on the rotors have a constant orientation to the center of the Earth due to the displacement of their center of mass relative to the axis of their rotation.

To limit the axial displacements of the generator across the gear racks 2 when the hull of the floating vehicle sways with the wave front in a direction that is not perpendicular to the ends of these racks, side covers can be fixed with screws on the ends of the rotor shaft, or spring rings can be inserted into the grooves made at the ends of the shafts, and between both ends of the generator housing, gears 17 and racks 2, intermediate antifriction washers or thrust bearings 18 can be installed, the diameter of which is close to or greater than the pitch diameter of the gears.

To simplify the synchronization of the work of all the generators of the power plant, they can be equipped with an individual system of batteries or capacitors for the accumulation of electric current, the discharge of which is performed by additional semiconductor or other devices for supplying current pulses in a given frequency mode. These systems can also serve as an additional load for displacing the center of mass of the stator relative to the axis O of their swing.

It is also possible to install generators on rails by stators through gears fixed on both ends of the gears, which are engaged with the teeth of the rails, while the rotors freely installed in the stators have a constant orientation to the center of the Earth due to the displacement of their center of mass relative to their swing axis, for example, by hanging at the ends of their shafts of additional loads, which can serve as a system for synchronizing electric current, batteries or capacitors for its accumulation, however, this complicates the design, and it is not detailed in detail matrivaetsya.

Figure 2 shows the installation options of the electric current generators 1, containing the stator 14 and the rotor 15 in the holds of the floating vehicle across its body 5 of width b between the sides 4 (version 1), or along its aspen length l between the partitions 7 of the hold (version 2) . Gears 17, which are fixed on the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and engaged with the teeth fixed on the base of 6 rails 2, provide rotation of the rotor 15 of the generator when the body of the floating vehicle is tilted by waves by an angle ± α. To protect against impacts of the generator at the end of the path of their rolling along the rails on the sides of the hull, they have elastic stops 19.

The principle of operation of such power plants in the generation of electric current is as follows.

When the body 5 of the floating vehicle is tilted by the waves at an angle ± α, a reciprocating movement of the generator 1 occurs, and along the rails 2 there is a rolling, with direct and reverse rotation of the gears 17 brought into contact with their teeth, which are fixed at the ends of the shafts 16 and the same rotation is transmitted to the rotors of the 15 generators 1. In this case, the statically unbalanced stator 14, freely suspended on the rotor shaft, due to the eccentricity of the mass relative to the center O of its rotation, acquires a stable orientation to the center of the Earth and it remains in this position (with the exception of a slight rotation from the reactive moment) when the body of the floating vehicle tilts within an angle of ± α, which ensures rotation of the rotor relative to the stator and generation of electric current. The smaller the number of teeth of the gears 17, and the greater the length of the rack 2 and the number of teeth that the gears pass along it during rolling, the higher the rotor speed, and also, the greater the radius of the generator rotor, the higher the rate of change of the magnetic flux in its coils and the higher the generator power, its limiter is only the strength of the waves and the reactive moment, compensated, in this case, by the eccentricity of the stator mass.

A similar principle of operation for generators in which the stator is mounted on rails and engaged with its teeth, gears fixed at its ends, and the rotor freely installed in it, is equipped with an additional load.

The disadvantage of such power plants is the insufficient power developed by one generator installed on the rails, and with the free hanging of stators or rotors, the disadvantage of these generators is the appearance of reactive moment from turning them by the magnetic field of the rotor, which can reduce the power of generators up to 50%.

Figure 3 shows the installation options of the generators that eliminate these disadvantages. In this case, the number of generators 1 mounted on the gear racks 2 can be increased to two or more. However, the stroke length of the generators along the rail, with an increase in their number, is reduced, which requires optimization solutions taking into account the size of the generators, inclination angles ± α and width b or length l of the hold of the hull of the floating vehicle.

In version 1, a pair of generators are installed on the gear racks 2, deployed to each other by supporting elements, for example, legs that are interconnected by screws, or bolts with nuts, or straps, or brackets, or other fasteners, which eliminates the rotation of the stators from the action of the reactive moment of electromagnetic forces and 1.5 ... 2 times increases the efficiency of their work. The remaining structural elements are similar to those shown in figure 2.

In version 2, generators 1, in an amount of two or more, are installed in tight contact with their bodies, with the possibility of rolling gears 17 on the gear racks 2. To do this, on both sides of the generators at the ends of the shafts 16 can be installed connecting straps 20, in the holes of which are introduced the ends of the shafts 16 with the possibility of their free rotation. In addition, the contact of the housing of the generators with each other can be provided by external strapping their clamps 21.

The connecting straps 20 with their fastening elements mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and screwed side covers, or spring rings inserted into grooves made at the ends of the shafts, can also be limiters of the axial displacements of the generators across the rails from the action of the rolling waves that are not perpendicular to their ends. The remaining structural elements are similar to the previous version.

The principle of operation of such power plants in the generation of electric current is similar to previous versions. The only differences are that the stators are held in a directed position relative to the center of the Earth, not only by gravitational forces, but also by the contact of the generator bodies, which increases their efficiency by eliminating the stator reactive moment from the action of electromagnetic forces. At the same time, the total capacity of the power plant is growing due to an increase in the number of generators and due to this effect.

Figure 4 shows the development of the designs of a floating power plant, in which the generators 1, through gears 17 fixed to the ends on both sides of the shafts 16 of their rotors 15, are engaged with the pair gear racks 2, and have the ability to rotate and translate on them due to tilting the body of the floating vehicle by waves at an angle of ± α, and to increase the own power of the generators, their stators 14 are made to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation of their rotors 15. For this, on the bodies of the generators 1, in their middle part and whether at the ends, toothed crowns 22 are fixed (version 1), and with them parasitic gears 23 are inserted or engaged, fixed outside the stator housing on a common axis 24, at the ends of which parasitic gears 25 are also fixed, engaged into gears of the racks 2 with the possibility of rotation on a common axis 24, which is connected with the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors 15 with straps 26, into the openings of which they are freely inserted. These strips can also serve as limiters of the axial displacement of generators, including when rolling a floating vehicle that is not perpendicular to the end of its rails, and for fixing the strips in the axial direction, side covers or spring rings inserted into grooves made at the ends of these shafts and axis can be fixed on the ends of the shafts 16 and axis 24, or installed other fixing means. All other structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous embodiment, shown in figure 3.

A further increase in the rotational speed of the stator 14 relative to the rotor 15 of the generator 1 is provided in version 2. For this purpose, the driven gears 27 are mounted on both ends of the generator housing with small diameter gears 28, mounted on the axles 29 of the parasitic blocks with gears 25 engaged with the gear racks 2. Moreover, the connecting straps 26, in the openings of which the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors 15 and the half shaft 29 are freely inserted, can be installed on the inside of the racks 2 between gears. 27 and 17 of stators and rotors, and between gears 28 and gears 25 of spurious blocks. Or, the slats 26 can be freely mounted on the ends of the shafts 16 and the axle shafts 29 outside the rails 2, and for fixing the strips and spurious blocks of gears in the direction of the axles of the generators, covers, or spring rings introduced in grooves made at the ends of the shafts, or other mounting means are installed. The straps 26 can also serve as limiters of the axial displacement of the generators when the floating means are pumped by the wave front that are not perpendicular to the ends of the rails.

The principle of operation of the generators (version 1) is similar to the previous one - when the body 5 of the floating vehicle is tilted by the waves at an angle ± α, a similar inclination of the rack 2 occurs and the generators 1 move in one direction or another with the rotation of pairs of gears 17 fixed on both sides of the shafts 16 rotors of 15 generators, and pairs of parasitic gears 25 fixed on the axis 24, which through gears 23 and gears 22 mounted on the housings in the middle of the stators or at their ends rotate the stators 14 in the direction opposite to the forward and reverse directions rotor connections 15. Moreover, the frequency and speed of rotation of the rotors of the relative stators increase, and the reactive moments on the stators are excluded from the action of magnetic flux forces, which adequately increases the power of each generator and the power plant as a whole.

The principle of operation of the generator (version 2) differs from the previous one only in an increase in the frequency of direct and reverse rotation of its housing with gears 27 fixed to its ends, engaged with gears 28 spurious blocks with gears 25 engaged with racks 2, fixed on the axles 29, which are freely inserted into the holes on the slats 26. Moreover, by increasing the diameter of the gears 28 and reducing the diameter of the gear 27, the rotation frequency of the generator housing increases and its power increases adequately spine.

To drain electric current from the stator, a current-conducting ring or disk connected to the stator coils can be fixed on its housing or on the end, isolated from the stator housing and brought into rolling contact with a horizontal electrically conductive bus installed above or below them, and to compensate for this contact pairs, the tire can be suspended on top of the ring or disk with the possibility of a slight shift under the influence of its own weight, or mounted below the ring or disk on the springs. It is also possible to install a magnetic field excitation system in the generator case, with permanent magnets or coils with conductors and their cores, and on the shaft in the case to install coils with conductors and cores of an electric current generation system, while the conductors conducting electric current can be introduced into the hole shaft, and their cones are connected to a current-deflecting disk or ring fixed to the end of this shaft, isolated from the shaft and brought into rolling contact with a horizontal electric element mounted above or below it roprovodnoy bus system with the same contact pairs wear compensation.

Figure 5 shows the further development of previous designs of floating power plants, in which pairs of gear racks 2 are mounted parallel to each other on the base 6 of the housing, with generators 1 installed on them, containing stators 14 and rotors 15, and to exclude their reverse for forward and reverse rocking on the rails, at the ends of the shafts of the rotors 16 and at the ends of the cases of the generators are installed irreversible gears 30 and 31 with overrunning gears having the ability to transmit rotation in only one direction, and parasitic on the half shafts x reversing gear units mounted in a position to transmit rotation in forward and reverse directions. In this case, from the right ends of the generators 1, with the right gear rack 2, irreversible gears 30 and a reversible gear 25 mounted on the axle shaft 29 of the spurious block are engaged (version 1), which can be replaced by a gear shaft 32 common to this axis (version 2 ), driven freely into the middle hole of the bar 26, connecting with its extreme holes the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors. On the left ends of the generators — with the second rack 2 — irreversible gears 31 mounted on the ends of the generator housings and a reversible gear 25 with a half shaft 29 (version 1) or a common gear shaft 32 of the parasitic block (version 2), which is freely driven the middle hole of the connecting strap 26, connecting with its extreme openings the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors. Behind the slats 26, the reversible gear 25 is connected through a half shaft 29, or the gear shaft 32 of the parasitic block, to a gear wheel 28, which is engaged from the right ends of the generators with irreversible gears 31 mounted on the ends of the generator bodies, and from the left ends of the generators engaged with non-reversible gears 30 mounted on the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors. To transfer rotation to the ends of the shafts 16 only in one direction, for non-reversible gears 30 (version 3), teeth 33 are made on the surface of the central holes, and balls or rollers 34 are inserted between them and cylindrical surfaces on the ends of the shafts 16. For pairs of non-reversible gears 31 (version 4), installed with its holes 35 with the possibility of free rotation on the shafts 16 of the rotors, teeth 37 are made on the outer surface of the hubs 36, which are inserted into the holes of the rings 38 fixed on the ends of the cases of the generators, between which and between the teeth 37 mi introduced balls or rollers 34. In these designs, the orientation of the teeth 33 and 37 in the gear pairs 30 and 31, when looking at them from the right ends of the generator, must be equal.

The connecting straps 26, when moving them beyond the rails 2, can serve as a limiter for the axial displacements of the generators when the floating means are pumped by a wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of the gear racks, for which, from the right ends of the generators, the strap 26 is installed before the gears 30 engaged with the rack 2 and 25, or gears 30 and pinion shaft 32.

The principle of operation of the generators differs from previous versions except for the reverse rotation of the rotors and stators when changing the swing direction of the body 5 of the floating vehicle. When raising its starboard side, due to the inclination of the rails 2, the generators 1 will begin to move to the left. In this case, from the right ends of the generators (version 2), the gears 30 of the shafts 16 and the parasitic pinion shaft 32, which are engaged with the rack, will start counterclockwise rotation. Gears 30, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 33 in their holes (version 3), through the balls or rollers 34, the ends of the shafts 16 are wedged, which respectively rotate the rotors 15 counterclockwise. The pinion shaft 32 of the parasite block will transmit its counterclockwise rotation to the parasitic wheel 28 connected to it, which is engaged with the gears 31 and will rotate them clockwise. In this case, due to the left (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the tips of the teeth 37 on the hubs of 36 gears 31 (version 4), the balls or rollers 34 wedge them in the holes of the rings 38, which are rigidly fixed to the ends of the stators and, accordingly, will rotate them clockwise.

On the left ends of the generators, gears 31 mounted on the generator housing and the parasitic pinion shaft 32 will mesh in the same direction as on the right side (counterclockwise when viewed from the side) right ends of these generators). In this case, the hub 36 of the gears 31, due to the left direction of the vertices of the teeth 37, will disengage the balls or rollers 34 with rings 38 mounted on the left ends of the generator bodies and will not interfere with the clockwise rotation of the stators previously created on the side of the right ends. The parasitic pinion shaft 32 will transmit counterclockwise rotation (when viewed from the right ends of these generators) to the parasitic wheel 28 engaged with the gears 30, to which it will indicate clockwise rotation and, due to the right direction of the tips of their teeth 33 , they will disengage the balls or rollers 34 with the axes 16 of the rotors and will not interfere with their counterclockwise rotation previously created from the right ends.

When lowering the starboard side of the floating means, due to the inclination of the rails 2, the generators 1 will start translating to the right, while the clockwise rotation from the right ends of the generators, gears 30 and the parasitic pinion shaft 32 in the block with the wheel 28, and gears 30 , due to the right (when looking at them from the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 33 in their holes (version 3), the balls or rollers 34 with the shafts 16 will be disengaged, and they will not interfere with the previous rotation of the rotors counterclockwise, but connection An aerial with a gear shaft 32 and a clockwise spinning wheel 28 rotates counterclockwise the gears 31 introduced with it, in which the hubs 36, due to the left direction of the tips of the teeth 37, will disengage from the holes of the rings 38 and will not obstruct the previous rotation of the stator clockwise. In this case, from the left end faces of the generators, gears 31 engaged with the rack 2 and the parasitic pinion shaft 32 will also begin to rotate clockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators), which will introduce the teeth of the 37 hubs of 36 gears 31 through the balls or the rollers 34 mesh with the holes of the rings 38 mounted on the ends of the generator housings and continue the previous rotation of the stators clockwise, and the pinion shaft 32 of the parasitic block will then rotate the parasitic wheel 28, which is engaged with gears 30, Av them counter-clockwise rotation (when looking at it from the right side generators), that will bring them the teeth 33 through the balls or rollers 34 engage with their shafts 16 of rotors and pave their previous direction of rotation. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

Thus, the direction of rotation of the rotors and stators, at any stage of the swing of the floating means by the waves, remains unchanged: the rotors - counterclockwise, and the stators - clockwise.

Figure 6 shows the further development of previous designs of floating power plants and generators 1, in which gears 30 mounted on the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and the same parasitic gear are engaged with the right gear ends 2 (irreversible) from the side of their right ends (design 1) 39, mounted on a half shaft 40 in a block with a gear 28 engaged with gears 27, freely fitted with their holes on the ends of the shafts 16 and fixed to the protrusions or rings 41 of the right ends of the generator bodies. To transmit rotation of the gears 30.39 only in one direction (version 2), teeth 33 are made in their central holes, between which and between the cylindrical surfaces of the ends of the shafts 16 or the half shafts 40, balls or rollers 34 are inserted. The protrusions or rings 41 on the ends of the cases of the generators and the ends of the gears 28, as well as the connecting straps 26 can be limiters of the axial shifts of the generators across the rails from the action on the body of the floating vehicle waves that are not perpendicular to the ends of the rails.

From the side of the left ends of the generators (version 1), gears 31 introduced into engagement with the teeth of the left rack 2 are mounted non-reversibly, mounted on the ends of the bodies of the generators 1, and a parasitic gear 39 mounted on the axle shaft 40 in the block with the gear wheel 28, rotation gears 31 are introduced only in one direction (version 3), they are freely mounted with holes 35 on the shafts 16 of the rotors, and their hubs 36, with teeth 37 made on them, are inserted into the holes of the ring generators 38 fixed on the ends of the cases, between which and between the teeth and 37 introduced balls or rollers 34.

All other structural elements of the generators and floating means are similar to the previous version shown in Fig.5.

To facilitate the arrangement of overrunning mechanisms, a new design of generators (version 4) has been proposed, which differs from the previous one in that gear spindles 32 are introduced into gearing with spars 18 and gear wheels 42 mounted on them are irreversible, on the central holes of which teeth 33 are made, and balls or rollers 34 are inserted between them and the cylindrical surfaces of the ends of the pinion shafts 32 (version 5). The remaining structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous version.

The principle of operation of the new generators (version 1) differs from the previous version only in the performance of non-reversible spurious gears 39 engaged on the half shafts 40 in gear units 28, of which the gears mounted on the right side of the generator ends are engaged with ordinary gears 27 mounted on the right ends of the generator bodies, and mounted on the left side of the ends of the generators are engaged with conventional gears 17 fixed on the left ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors.

When raising the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 by an angle ± α, the generators 1 will begin to move to the left. In this case, from the right ends of the generators, gears 30 of the shafts 16 and the parasitic gear 39 engaged with the rack, will begin to rotate counterclockwise and, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) directions of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes, through the balls or the rollers 34 they are jammed with the ends of the shafts 16, or the axle shaft 40, which, accordingly, will rotate the rotors and the gear wheel 28 of the parasitic block counterclockwise, and it will subsequently bring into engagement with it the clockwise gears and gears 27 fixed to the ends of the housings of the generator generators. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, gears 31 and 39 engaged with the second rack 2 will also begin to rotate counterclockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators), but in gears 31, due to the left direction of the vertices of the teeth 37 of the hub 36, the balls or rollers 34 will disengage from the holes of their rings 38, which are mounted on the left ends of the stator housings and, accordingly, will not interfere with their previous rotation clockwise, and the parasite gear 39, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 33 in its hole, will bring the balls or rollers 34 out of engagement with the end of the axle shaft 40, and will free rotation of the gear wheel 28 fixed on it, which will not to prevent the previous rotation of the rotors counterclockwise.

When lowering the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 by an angle ± α, the generators 1 will begin to translate to the right. In this case, from the right ends of the generators, gears 30 of the shafts 16 and the parasitic gear 39 engaged with the rack, will begin to rotate clockwise and, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) directions of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes, balls or the rollers 34 will disengage from the ends of the shafts 16, or the half shafts 40, and will not interfere with the previous direction of counterclockwise rotation of the rotors and the gear wheel 28 of the spurious unit and, accordingly, the previous clockwise rotation of the introduced with him into gearing gears 27, mounted on the right ends of the bodies of the generators. At the same time, from the left end faces of the generators, gears 31 and 39 engaged in engagement with the left rail 2 will also begin to rotate clockwise (when looking at them from the right ends of the generators), and gears 31, due to the left direction of the tips of the teeth 37 on the hubs 36, they will engage balls or rollers 34 with the holes of their rings 38, which are mounted on the left ends of the stator housings and, accordingly, continue their previous clockwise rotation, and the parasitic gear 39, due to the right one (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the gene rotors) of the direction of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes, will engage the balls 34 into engagement with the end of the axle shaft 40, and transmit the clockwise rotation to the parasitic gear wheel 28 mounted on it, which will continue the previous counterclockwise rotation of the gears 17 attached to it, engaged on the shafts of 16 rotors. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

The principle of operation of the new generators 1 (version 4) differs from the previous version only in the installation of parasitic blocks, in which gears 42 (version 5) are made irreversible as gears 30 (version 5), connected through balls or rollers 34 with their gear shafts 32 introduced into meshing with rails 2, of which the wheel 42 mounted on the right side of the ends of the generators is engaged with conventional gears 27 mounted on the right ends of the bodies of the generators, and the wheel 42 mounted on the left side of the torus s generators - is meshed with a gear 17 fixed to ends of shafts 16 of rotors.

When raising the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 by an angle ± α, the generators 1 will begin to move to the left. At the same time, from the right end faces of the generators, gears 30 of the shafts 16 and the parasitic pinion shaft 32 engaged with the rack, begin to rotate counterclockwise and gears 30, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) directions of the teeth 33 in their holes, through balls or rollers 34, are jammed with the ends of the shafts 16, and will rotate the rotors counterclockwise, and the gear wheel 42 of the parasitic block, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes s, through balls or rollers 34, jammed the associated gear shaft 32 and the lead in the clockwise rotation introduced him to engage gear 27 fixed on the right side of the generator frame. At the same time, from the left end faces of the generators, gears 31 and pinion shaft 32 engaged in gearing with the second rack 2 also begin to rotate counterclockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators), but in gears 31 (version 3), due to the left the directions of the vertices of the teeth 37 on the hubs 36, the balls or rollers 34 will disengage from the holes of their rings 38, which are mounted on the left ends of the stator housings and, accordingly, will not interfere with their previous clockwise rotation, and the gear wheel 42 is parasitic ka, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 33 in its hole, it will disengage the balls or rollers 34 from the gear shaft 32 and it will be able to freely rotate and will not interfere with the previous rotation of the rotors counterclockwise .

When lowering the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 by an angle ± α, the generators 1 will begin to translate to the right. At the same time, from the side of the right ends of the generators, the gears 30 of the shafts 16 and the parasitic pinion shaft 32 mesh with the rack, will begin to rotate clockwise and in the gears 30, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) directions of the tips of the teeth 33 their holes, balls or rollers 34 will disengage from the ends of the shafts 16, and will not interfere with the previous rotation of the rotors counterclockwise, and the gear wheel 42 of the parasitic block due to the right (when looking at it from the right ends of the generators) lenght of the peaks of the teeth 33 in its hole, will bring the balls or rollers 34 out of engagement with the gear shaft 32, and will not impede the previous clockwise rotation of the gears 27 engaged with it, fixed on the right ends of the generator bodies, also rotating clockwise , At the same time, from the left end faces of the generators, gears 31 and pinion shaft 32 engaged in gearing with the left rack also begin to rotate clockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators), and gear 31, due to the left direction The tooth peaks 37 on the hubs 36 will engage balls or rollers 34 with the holes of the rings 38, which are rigidly fixed to the ends of the stators bodies and, accordingly, continue their previous clockwise rotation, and the gear shaft 32 of the parasitic block connected with the gear wheel 42, due to the right (when viewed from the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 33 in its hole, it will engage balls or rollers 34 with it and give it clockwise rotation, which will continue the previous direction of rotation counterclockwise howling arrows entered him in the gearing 17 attached to the shafts of the rotors 16. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

Thus, the direction of rotation of the rotors and stators, at any stage of the swing of the floating means by the waves, remains unchanged: the rotors - counterclockwise, and the stators - clockwise.

Any other combinations of non-reversible gears 30, 31, 39 and gears 42 are also possible to exclude the reverse of rotors and stators, for example, when implementing combinations of executions 1 and 2 (Fig. 5), executions 1 and 4 (Fig. 6), as well as executions 1 (figure 5) and versions 1 or 4 (figure 6), or versions 2 (figure 5) and versions 1 or 4 (figure 6), and other combinations.

It is also possible to increase the number of pairs of generators placed on the gear racks, connected in garlands by connecting straps installed at the ends of their shafts like chain links.

Figure 7 shows the further development of previous designs of floating power plants and generators, in which, to exclude the reversal of rotors and stators with forward and reverse rocking of the body of the floating means by waves, irreversible gears are installed on both ends of the generators 1 (version 1) at the ends of the shafts 16 30 with gear overrunning mechanisms (version 2), and in the holes fixed to the ends of the bodies of the ring generators 38, irreversible gears 31 with gear overrunning mechanisms (version 3) are installed, with which the gear 28 of the reverse parasitic block with a gear 25 fixed on their common half-axis is put into engagement, which is inserted with the possibility of free rotation into the central hole of the connecting strap 26, the ends of the shafts of the rotors 16 are also introduced into the extreme openings, and to simplify the reverse of the rotors and stators , on one side of the ends of the generators, with reversible gears 30 at the ends of the rotor shafts and with gear 25 of a non-reversible parasitic block, is engaged from below fixed on the base 6 of the floating vehicle body roll rail 2, and on the other side of the ends of the generators, a similar gear rack 43 is brought into engagement with the same gears on top, opposite which, to support the bottom of these sides of the generators, a support bar 44 is fixed on the base of the floating body 6, which is brought into contact with the ends rotor shafts 16, for example, through bearings 46 mounted on them, and can be placed between non-reversible gears 31 with a gear wheel 28 of the parasitic block and a connecting bar 26, or between a connecting bar 26 and a non-reversible pole with stubs 30 and gear 25 of a non-reversible parasitic block, for which, from this side of the generator ends, the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and the axle shaft 45 of the parasitic block are elongated by the width of the support bar 44. All other structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous version shown in Fig.6.

To reduce the nomenclature of irreversible gears and simplify the design of generators 1, in version 4 non-reversible gears 30 of the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and gears 39 of the parasitic blocks are made, in which gear overrunning mechanisms are similar to version 2, and reversible gears 27 are fixed on the protrusions 41 of the ends of the cases of the generators, which 28 parasitic blocks are engaged with gears. At the same time, a rack 2 fixed to the base of the floating means from the bottom of the generators is engaged with non-reversible gears 30, 39 from the sides of the generators, and a similar rack 43 fixed from the sides of the generators is inserted into the floating means of the top. The remaining structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous versions 1, shown in figure 5 and 6.

The principle of operation of the new generators differs from all previous versions by installing on the one side of their ends - toothed racks 2 from the bottom, and on the other hand - toothed racks 43 from above the rotors of irreversible gears 30 and reversible gears 25 mounted on the ends of the shafts 16 (execution 1), or non-reversible gears 39 (version 4) of parasitic blocks with gears 28 fixed on their axles 40 and 45, engaged into engagement with non-reversible gears 31 connected to the ends of the generator housings (version 1) , or with reversing gears 27 (version 4), as well as installing opposite the upper rack 43 an additional support bar 44, on which the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors are supported through bearings 46 mounted on them, which can be placed between the gear wheel 28 and inserted into it engagement with non-reversible 31 (version 1) or reversible gears 27 (version 4) and a connecting plate 26, or between this plate and reversible gears 25 and non-reversible gears 30.

When raising the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle ± α, the generators 2 will begin to translate to the left. At the same time, from the side of the right ends of the generators (version 1), the irreversible gears 30 of the ends of the shafts of the 16 rotors put into engagement with the top rack 43 will begin to rotate clockwise and, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators), the directions of the tips of the teeth 33 their holes, bring the balls or rollers 34 out of engagement with the ends of the shafts 16 and will not affect the rotation of the rotors. The parasite gear 25 engaged with the upper rack 43 and the gear 28 mounted on its axle shaft 45 will also start to rotate clockwise and pass it to the irreversible gears 31, the hubs 36 of which are inserted into the holes 35 of the rings 38 fixed to the ends of the generator bodies, and, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) direction of the vertices of the teeth 37 in their holes, the balls or rollers 34 will be disengaged from the holes of the rings 38 and will not affect the rotation of the stators. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 30 and the gear of the parasitic block engaged with the lower rack 18 will begin to rotate counterclockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 33, balls or rollers 34 gears 30 will engage the shafts 16 of the rotors, giving them counterclockwise rotation, and a gear wheel 28 connected to the axle shaft 40 with the gear 25 of the parasite block, will cause a non-reversible gear engaging with it to rotate clockwise e gear 31, the hub 36 are introduced into the holes 35 fastened to the ends of the housing ring 38, and due to the left direction vertices of teeth 37, the balls or rollers 34 of the gears 31 engage the openings of stator rings, making them rotate clockwise.

When lowering the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle of ± α, the generators will begin to translate to the right. In this case, from the right ends of the generators, the gear of the parasitic block 25 and the irreversible gears 30 engaged with the upper rack 43 will begin to rotate counterclockwise and, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) directions of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes, balls or rollers 34 will mesh with the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors of the generators and continue to rotate counterclockwise, and the gear 28 connected to the axle shaft 45 with the gear wheel 25 of the spurious block will bring into rotation clockwise non-reversible gears 31 are engaged with it, the hubs 36 of which are inserted into the holes 35 of the rings 38 fixed on the ends of the housing, and due to the left direction of the tooth tips 37, the balls or rollers 34 of the gears 31 will mesh with the holes of the stators rings, continuing their clockwise rotation arrow. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, the gear of the parasitic block and the non-reversible gears 30 engaged in clockwise rotation (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and, due to the right direction of the tips of their teeth 33, are balls or the rollers 34 will disengage them from the shafts 16 of the rotors and will not impede their previous counterclockwise rotation. And the gear wheel 28, connected with the half-axis 40 with the gear wheel 25 of the parasite block, will rotate counter-clockwise gears 31 introduced with it, the hubs 36 of which are inserted into the holes 35 of the rings 38 fixed to the ends of the housing, and due to the left direction of the tips of the teeth 37, balls or rollers 34 of gears 31 will disengage from the openings of the stator rings without obstructing their previous clockwise rotation. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

In version 4, when raising the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle of ± α, the generators 1 will begin to translate to the left. At the same time, from the side of the right ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 30 of the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and the spurious gear 39, which are engaged with the upper rack 43, begin to rotate clockwise and, due to the right (when looking at them from the side of the right ends of the generators) the directions of the tips of the teeth 33 in their holes, the balls or rollers 34 will be disengaged from the ends of the shafts 16 and the half shaft 45, and will not affect the rotation of the rotors and stators of the generators. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 30 and gear wheel of the parasitic block engaged with the lower rack 2 will also begin to rotate counterclockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 33, the balls or the rollers 34 of the gears 30 will engage the rotor shafts 16, turning them counterclockwise, and the parasitic gear 39 connected by the half shaft 40 with the gear 28 engaged with the reversing gears 27 fixed to the ends of the housing CA, will cause them to rotate clockwise and the associated stators of the generators.

When lowering the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle of ± α, the generators will begin to translate to the right. In this case, from the right ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 30 and the gear of the parasitic block engaged with the upper rack 43 will begin to rotate counterclockwise, and the balls or rollers introduced into them 34, due to the right (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) the directions of the vertices of the teeth 33 in their holes will mesh with the ends of the shafts 16 and with the half shaft 40. Due to this, the gears 30 will continue to rotate the rotors of the generators counterclockwise, and the gear 28 connected by the half shaft 45 with the gear 39 and inserted into coupling with gears 27 mounted on the ends of the generator bodies will give them clockwise rotation (when looking at them from the right ends of the generators), which will continue the previous rotation of the stators. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 30 and gear 39 engaged into the lower rack 2 will also begin to rotate clockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and, due to the right direction of the vertices of their teeth 33, the balls or the rollers 34 will lead them out of engagement with the shafts of the 16 rotors and with the half shaft 40, eliminating the obstacles to their previous rotation, for the rotors - counterclockwise, and the stators - clockwise. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

Thus, the direction of rotation of the rotors and stators, at any stage of the swing of the floating means by the waves, remains unchanged: the rotors - counterclockwise, and the stators - clockwise.

On Fig shows the further development of the previous designs of floating power plants and generators 1, in which to exclude the reverse of the rotors and stators, on one side of the ends of the generators gear rack 2 is fixed to the base 6 of the body of the floating means from the bottom, and on the other hand a similar gear rack 43 is fixed on top of the irreversible gears 31, mounted on the ends of the generator housings, and gears 39 of the parasitic blocks (version 1) connected through half shafts 40 and 45 and gears 28 with gears 17 fixed to the ends of the rotor shafts 16, and to support the generators from below, an additional support bar 44 is fixed opposite the rail 43, which is brought into contact with the shafts 16 through bearings 46 mounted on them and can be placed between the trims 26 connecting the ends of the rotor shafts 16 and gears 17 fixed to them, with a gear wheel 28 engaged with them. In this case, gears 39 are mounted on their axles 40 and 45 (version 2) with the direction of the tips of the teeth 33 to the left when viewed from the right ends of the generators. The remaining structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous embodiment shown in Fig.7.

The new installation of generators 1 on a floating vehicle (version 4) differs from the previous one only in the implementation of gears 42 that are non-reversible in the parasitic block of gears. In doing so, parasitic blocks can be engaged with racks 2 and 43, on which the gear shaft is made on one side of the generator ends 32, and on the other hand, pinion shaft 47. All other structural elements of the floating means and generators are similar to the previous designs shown in Fig. 7.

The principle of operation of the power plant and generators in version 1 differs from the previous one by engaging with the lower 2 and upper 43 toothed racks non-reversible gears 31 connected to the ends of the stator housings and non-reversible gears 39 parasitic blocks, which are connected through gear axles 40 and 45 wheels 28, engaged with gears 17, mounted on the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors.

When raising the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle of ± α, the generators 1 will begin to move to the left. At the same time, from the right ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 31 connected with the generator housing and the parasitic gear 39 will start to rotate clockwise and, due to the left direction of the tips of the teeth 37 on the hub 36 and the teeth 33 in them holes (when looking at them from the right ends of the generators), their balls or rollers 34 will engage with rings 38 mounted on the ends of the generator housings and with a half shaft 45, so the gears 31 will rotate the stators of the generators clockwise, and beyond replennoe on the half 45 parasitic gear 28 starts to rotate counterclockwise entered with them into the gears mesh 17 attached to the ends of the rotor shafts 16. In this case, from the left ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 31 and the gear of the parasitic block engaged with the lower rack 2 will begin to rotate counterclockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 37 and 33, balls or rollers 34 will disengage them from the rings 38 of the stators and the semiaxis 40 of the gear 28, without obstructing the rotation directions previously obtained from the right ends of the generators: the stators clockwise and the rotors counterclockwise.

When lowering the starboard side of the floating vehicle, due to the inclination of the rails 2 and 43 by an angle of ± α, the generators will begin to translate to the right. In this case, from the side of the right ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 31 and the gear of the parasitic block engaged with the upper rack 43 will begin to rotate counterclockwise and the balls or rollers introduced into them 34, due to the right direction (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) the vertices of the teeth 37 and 33, will bring them out of engagement with the rings 38 mounted on the ends of the stators, and with the semi-axis 45, eliminating the obstacle to the previous rotation of the rotors and stators of the generators. At the same time, from the side of the left ends of the generators, the irreversible gears 31 and gear 39 engaged into the lower rack 18 will begin to rotate clockwise (when viewed from the side of the right ends of the generators) and, due to the right direction of the vertices of their teeth 37 and 33, the balls or the rollers 34 will engage with the rings 38 and the axle shaft 40 fixed on the ends of the generator housings, continuing the previous rotation of the stators clockwise, and the gear wheel 28 fixed on the axle shaft 40 will transmit the counterclockwise rotation introduced into it captive pinions 17 fixed to the ends of the rotor shafts of generators 16. Then both of these cycles are repeated.

The principle of operation of the generators in the new version of the installation on gear racks 2 and 43 (version 4) differs from the previous version 1 only by replacing non-reversible gears 39 in the parasitic block, irreversible gears 42 connected from the side of the lower rack 18 to the gear shaft 32, and from the side of the upper rack 43, with the pinion shaft 47. In this case, the input and output of the gearing of the gears 42 is completely identical to the input and output of the gearing of the non-reversible gears 39 in version 1.

Thus, the direction of rotation of the rotors and stators in any design shown in Fig. 8, at any stage of the swing of the floating means by the waves, remains unchanged: the rotors - counterclockwise, and the stators - clockwise.

Any other combinations of non-reversible gears 30, 31, 39 and gears 42 and installation of racks 2 and 43 to exclude the reverse of rotors and stators are also possible.

Figure 9 shows the further development of a number of previous designs of floating power plants, in which, to protect the impact of the generators 1 on the sides 4 of the housing 5 when they are shaken by waves, on the base 6 are made shortened gear racks 48, and at the sides mounted upward gear sectors 49 arc or curved shape, which are a continuation of the gear racks 48, and their height exceeds the height h _{i the} rise of the generators by inertia at the maximum wave height perceived by the floating means. To improve the dynamics of the input of generators from rails 48 to and from gear sectors 49, the curved shape of the sectors can have a variable radius of curvature, which gradually decreases from ∞ at the rail to a minimum r _min in its upper part, equal to the radius of their engagement gears 17 and 27, or 30 and 31. To prevent these gears from engaging with the teeth of sectors 49 during the reverse stroke from the upper point, with the tips of the teeth of the gears 17 or 30, or with the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors, additional guides 50 can be brought into contact , set are at the ends of sectors 49 and equidistant to them. To ensure engagement of gears 25 or 32, or 39 with racks on curved sections of sectors, connecting shafts 16 of rotors and half shafts of 29 or 40 spurious blocks, the connecting straps 51 are made detachable, mating them flush with the recesses 52 (version 1) or lapped with connecting straps 53 , with extreme intermediate washers 54 (version 2), incl. when installing pairs of generators in more than one. The remaining structural elements of power plants and generators are similar to the designs shown in figures 4, 5 and 6.

The principle of operation of new power plants and generators when generating electric current is similar to the previous one, there are differences only when the generators move on arc or curved sectors 49 at the sides of the floating vehicle body, on which they absorb their kinetic energy obtained by rolling to the right or left due to potential energy lifting to a height h _i . The second difference is the presence of flexible connection with connecting strips 51 or 53, installed between the shafts of 16 pairs of generators and half shafts of 29 or 40 spurious blocks with gears 25, 32, or 39, which allows them to repeat the shape of sectors 49 from the entrance to the exit him. At the same time, the gear engages with its shafts, half shafts and gears, and the gears 17, 30, 27, 31, 25, 32, 39 and gears 28, 42 exit from them in any combination options matches the previous designs considered for FIGS. .4-6.

Figure 10, to increase the total power of the power plant, shows the installation options of any previous versions of the generators 1 in the holds of the hull 5 of width b between the walls 4 of the floating means on the base 6 and the intermediate decks 55, on which gear racks 2 and elastic support elements are installed in pairs 19 (execution 1). In this case, the floating means has the ability to swing the front of the waves at an angle of ± α, and the generators 1, the shafts 16 of their rotors, mounted on them reversible 17 or irreversible 30 gears, and also mounted on the bodies of the stators reversible 27 or 31 reversible gears, with their drive from racks or spurious blocks with 25 reversible or 39 non-reversible 39 gears connected to 29 or 40 non-reversible 42 gear wheels mounted on 29 or 40 axles, or 32 gears connected to the reverse shafts mounted on trims 26, with connecting these half shafts and the ends of the rotor shafts are identical to all previous versions of the designs shown in figures 4-6.

Version 2 shows a multi-deck or multi-tiered arrangement of generators 1 installed at a width b between the sides 4 on the basis of 6 of the body 5 of the floating vehicle, which is swung by the wave front at an angle ± α, which is a development of the variant shown in Fig. 9, with gear racks 48 and their continuation - upward toothed sectors 49 of arc or curvilinear shape, at the ends of which additional guides 50 are equidistant to their curvature, the height of which exceeds the height h _inertia of the generators lifting by inertia at max the full height of the wave, perceived by the floating means, and for pairing with these sectors of the generators 1 and spurious blocks, they are flexibly connected to each other along the axes of the straps 51 or 53.

The difference from the original version (Fig. 9) is the installation of the upper tier of shortened rails 56 with upward-oriented gear sectors 57 of arc or curvilinear shape, which are a continuation of the gear racks 56 with new additional guides 58 installed at the ends of sectors 57 whose height exceeds the height h _iн lifting the upper tier of the generators 1 by inertia at the maximum wave height perceived by the floating means. In this case, the installation of rails 56 of the upper tier was performed on ceilings 59 located between the ends of the adjacent rows of generators, and sectors 57 on the lateral stops 60. Given that the stroke of the generators on the rails 56 of the upper tier is less than the stroke of the generators on the racks 48 of the lower tier, their inertia and the lifting height h _iв will be less than the height h _{iн of} their lifting on the lower tier. The remaining parameters coincide with the previous versions shown in figures 4-6 and 9. On the upper tiers, it is possible to reduce the size and number of generators.

Multi-deck and multi-deck installation of generators is also possible for all versions shown in figure 2-9. The number of decks, tiers and generators can be increased, depending on the size of the generators, the hull of the floating vehicle and its stability, it should be borne in mind that the installation of rails and generators below the metacentre of the hull of the floating means reduces its rolling by waves, and above the metacentre it increases.

The principle of operation of new power plants and generators (version 1) when generating electric current is similar to the previous versions shown in figures 2-8, differences exist only when installing and moving generators on the upper decks 55, which coincide with the principle of operation and their movements on the lower deck .

The principle of operation of new power plants and generators (version 2) when generating electric current is similar to the previous one shown in Fig. 9, incl. the versions shown in figures 2-8, there are differences only with the installation and movements of the generators on the upper tiers, on which their acceleration and kinetic energy are reduced, compared with the generators of the lower tier, by reducing the length of the rails 56, as a result of which the height of the lateral sectors was adequately reduced 57, however, the nature of the operation of the upper tier generators fully coincides with the principle of their operation and movements on the lower deck.

Figure 11 shows the development of all previous versions of the generators 1, the design of which is simplified by eliminating spurious blocks of gears and gears. To do this, in the reversible version of the manufacture of generators (version 1), pairs of gear racks 2 are fixed on the base 6 of the floating vehicle housing and gearing is introduced from below with gears 27, which are coaxially mounted on both sides at the ends of the stators 14, and one gear rack 43 is fixed in the housing floating means above the gears 17, fixed at the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and engaged with them from above, and their connecting strap 20 is installed with the possibility of free rotation of these shafts in its holes, and together with gears 27 or 17 may be a limiter of the axial displacements of the generators when the floating means are swung by the wave front in a direction that is not perpendicular to the ends of the gear racks. The remaining structural elements of power plants and generators are similar to the designs shown in figure 2, 9, 10.

Version 2 shows an even simpler design of the generators 1 and their installation in the hold of the hull of a floating power plant, in which the number of lower rails 2 is reduced to one, engaged with gears 27, fixed on one side of the ends of the stators 14, and on opposite ends stators fixed rings or discs 61, which are mounted with the possibility of rolling on the support bar 62, mounted on the base 6 of the hold of the hull of a floating vehicle. In this case, the grooves 63 made on these rings or on the disks and their protrusions on the head of the support bar can serve as limiters of the axial displacement of the generators during the rolling of the floating means by waves that are not perpendicular to the ends of the gear racks. To rotate the rotors of the generators in the opposite direction to the rotation of the stators, gears 17 can be fixed at the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors, over which a gear rack 43 is fixed in the housing of the floating means and is engaged with them from above. In this case, one of the sides of the ring groove can be used for stators by current collectors 64, which are brought into contact with an electrically conductive bus 65 mounted on a support bar, with their necessary isolation by spacers 66 and 67. The generators can be interconnected in pairs or in garlands by connecting bars 20, which are worn with their extreme holes on the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors with the possibility of their free rotation in these holes. To separate electric current flows during forward and reverse rolling of the generator, the groove on the disk can be made with a gap that allows the generator to be shifted across these rails and the bar when rolling the body of the floating vehicle with a wave front that is not perpendicular to their ends, with an alternating contact adequate to this shift disc electrodes and tires. At the same time, insulated collector ring electrodes are fixed on both sides of the disk groove, which are brought into contact with the conductors installed on both sides of the support bar by conductive busbars and gaskets isolated from the support bar.

It is also possible multi-deck or multi-tiered installation of such generators, similarly to the designs shown in figures 9 and 10.

When operating in version 1, generators 1, with gears 27 of stators engaged and lower gears 27, and gears engaged with upper racks 43, 17 gears of rotors, when the starboard of the floating means is lifted, the generators will start translating to the left on the lower rails , and their gears 27 will begin to rotate counterclockwise and will cause the stators of the generators to rotate in the same rotation, and gears 17 and their associated rotors will begin to rotate clockwise, i.e. in the direction opposite to the stator, which sums up the frequency of their mutual rotation and eliminates the reactive moment between them. When raising the left side of the floating vehicle, the generators will start translating to the right on the lower rails 2, and the gears 27, 17 will begin to rotate in the direction opposite to their previous rotation and introduce the stators and rotors of the generators into the same rotation. Further on the waves, all these cycles of movements are repeated. When 2 gears of 17 rotors are brought into engagement with the lower rails, and gears of 27 stators with the upper racks 43, all directions of their rotation change to the opposite to those considered above.

The principle of operation in version 2 differs from the previous one only by replacing on one side the ends of the housings of the gear generators 27 with disks 61, and the rails 2 with a support bar 62, which provide a down conductor.

On Fig shows non-reversible versions of the generators. In version 1, the generators 1 are mounted on top of a pair of toothed racks 2 fixed on the base 6 of the body of the floating means, which are engaged from below from non-reversible gears 31 mounted in rings 38 attached to both ends of the stator bodies 14. Similar pairs of toothed racks 43 are fixed in the housing of the floating means from above, they are engaged with non-reversible gears 30 mounted on both ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors. The installation of irreversible gears 30 and 31 in versions 3 and 4, adequate to versions 3 and 4, shown in figure 5, while from opposite ends they should be installed mirror symmetrically. It is possible to install generators in pairs or in garlands, by connecting the ends of the rotor shafts with straps 26, as well as a multi-tiered and multi-deck installation. The remaining structural elements of the generators are similar to the previous versions shown in figure 5-10.

In the performance of 2 generators 1, one pair of gear racks 2 is fixed on the base 6 of the floating means body from below, and the second pair of gear racks 43 is fixed in the floating means body on top of the irreversible gears 30 and 31, which are made in a checkerboard pattern for each of of these pairs of rails - on one side of the ends of the generators - with 16 rotors installed on the ends of the shafts, and on the opposite side - with the ends of the stators 14 mounted in the rings 38. The direction of the teeth 33 in the holes of the gears 30 and teeth 37 on the hubs of 36 gears 31 should be mutually opposite (versions 3 and 4).

To remove the electric current, ring electrodes 64 can be installed on one side of the stators on the rings 38, and down conductors 65, insulated by spacers 66 and from rings 38 and spacers 67 from the rail, can be installed on the closest toothed rack. The remaining structural elements of the generators are similar to the previous versions shown in figure 5-10.

The principle of operation of the power plant and generators 1 differs from the previous one by engaging in various combinations, from the lower 2 and the upper 43 pairs of gear racks of irreversible gears 30 and 31, providing mutually opposite rotation of the rotors and stators.

In version 1, when lifting the starboard side of the hull of the floating vehicle, the generators 1 will start translating on the lower rails 2 to the left, the gears 31 will begin to rotate counterclockwise, and the gears 30, engaged with the upper rails 43, will begin to rotate clockwise. Moreover, on the right sides of the generators, gears 31, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 37 made on their hubs 36, and gears 30, due to the right direction of the teeth 33 made in their holes, will disengage from the rings 38 of the stators and the ends shafts of 16 rotors, and gears 31 and 30 mirrored on the left sides of the generators will mesh with the stator rings and the ends of the rotor shafts, turning the stator counterclockwise, and the rotor clockwise. When lifting the left side of the hull of the floating vehicle, the generators 1 will start translating on the lower rails 2 to the right, the gears 31 will begin to rotate clockwise, and the gears 30, engaged with the upper rails 43, will begin to rotate counterclockwise, which will ensure their engagement with the stator and with the ends of the shafts in the reverse order of the previous one, and they will continue to rotate the stator counterclockwise, and the rotor clockwise. Further, on new waves, all these cycles of movements are repeated.

In version 2, pairs of lower 2 and upper rails 43, staggered from opposite ends of generators 1, and mirrored symmetrically engaged with irreversible gears 31 and 30, mounted in rings 38 and fixed on ends of stators, and on ends of shafts 16 of rotors when lifting the starboard side of the hull of the floating vehicle will provide the generators with translational movement on the lower rails to the left. At the same time, irreversible gears 31 and 30 introduced into engagement with the lower rails will begin to rotate counterclockwise and, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 37 on the hubs 36, will engage the balls 35 with the hole of the ring generators 38 fixed on the ends of the housings, and will rotate the stators are counterclockwise, and the gears 30, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 33 in their central holes, disengage the balls 35 with the outer surface of the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and will not rotate them. The non-reversible gears 31 and 30, brought into engagement with the upper rails 43, will begin to rotate clockwise and, due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 37 made on their hubs 36, will disengage the balls 35 with the hole of the ring generators 38 fixed on the ends of the housings, without interfering with the former counterclockwise rotation of the stators, and gears 30 due to the right direction of the tips of the teeth 33 in their central holes, will engage the balls 35 with the outer surface of the ends of the shafts 16 of the rotors and ensure their clockwise rotation arrow. When lifting the left side of the hull of the floating vehicle, the generators 1 will start translating to the right on the lower rails, the gears 30 and 31 will begin to rotate in the directions opposite to the previous ones, therefore they will engage and disengage with their stators and rotors in the opposite order to the previous one and they will continue to rotate the stator counterclockwise, and the rotor - clockwise. Further, on new waves, all these cycles of movements are repeated.

To increase the rotational speed of the rotors and / or stators, gear blocks or gearboxes can be additionally installed inside and / or outside the generator bodies.

To avoid exceeding the permissible relative speeds of the relative rotation of the rotors and stators, inertial centripetal or centrifugal brakes, or brakes of other designs, including electronically controlled.

All of the given versions of the generators can be performed with their longitudinal installation in the body of a floating vehicle.

The combination of all of the above characteristics in the versions of generators shown in Figs. 1 ... 12 and options for their installation in power plants allows us to characterize them as previously unknown technical solutions that are not obvious from the basic level of technological development. Their implementation is possible in real industrial production, since the designs of the rotor sectors, generators and systems for their installation are similar to the known ones, they only have different sizes and are adapted to new conditions for their installation and operation. Moreover, all versions of rotors, generators and their placement in the holds of the hull of a floating vehicle are developments of previous versions that follow logically from each other, which ensures the unity of purpose of the proposed application for an invention. Thus, it is possible to classify all the technical solutions proposed in this application as inventions that meet all the requirements for them.

All the proposed versions of the generators and their installation on a floating means allow for stable rolling and rotation of the stators relative to the rotors, depending on the frequency and amplitude of the oscillation of the floating means by the waves. This ensures high power of each generator due to the high rotational speed of the stator and rotor and the linear speed due to their large size, and due to the large number of elements reproducing electric current, which improves the performance of the generator with high reliability of the entire system and provides a positive effect from them application.

Real versions of the proposed wave power plants and generators are possible with any form and size of their basic structures, which facilitates their selection, design and manufacture. Differences exist only in the installation in the holds of floating means of gear racks, with which rotors and stators are engaged, through gears, gears and overrunning mechanisms, parameters that follow from the actual sizes of the generators used for power plants, floating means and their working conditions.

An example of a specific design of the proposed power plant is considered on the basis of FIGS. 10 and 14 (design 2, 1), with a multi-tiered installation of SG-200 generators, height h _g = 1.38 m, width b _g = 1.5 m, length l _g = 1.67 m, weight 3.4 tons and power 200 kW at a speed of 500 min ^-1 .

длину м или от 10,6 до 142 м, полупериоды колебаний $${\tau }_{в}=\mathrm{0,4}\sqrt{{\lambda }_{в}}$$

или от 1,3 до 4,8 с.We believe that keel pitching is preferable for a floating offshore power plant, as makes it easier to hold it with anchors, and until it takes to cover, it can withstand wave heights of up to 7 m. Sea waves with a height of h _in from 1 to 7 m have: $${\lambda }_{\mathrm{at}}=\sqrt[3]{{\left(\frac{h_{\mathrm{at}}}{0.17}\right)}^{\mathrm{four}}}$$

length m or from 10.6 to 142 m, half-cycles $${\tau }_{\mathrm{at}}=0.4\sqrt{{\lambda }_{\mathrm{at}}}$$

or from 1.3 to 4.8 s.

To realize the full energy potential of these waves, we take the length of the hull of the power plant L _k = 70 m, the width of 24 m, the side height of 10 m, the draft of 6 m (large dimensions of the hull are impractical because they reduce its sensitivity to rolling), the length of 4 holds of 15 m, a height of 8 m. When the hull is pitching by waves and it is uniformly loaded, the periods τ _{in the} rolling will be the same as the wave periods, and the angle α _{in the} tilt of the body relative to the center of gravity point will be α _in ≈arctg (2h _in / L _to ) , or from 1.64 ° to 11.31 °.

The potential energy of raising and lowering the generators in all holds of the same length is the same, because depends on the height difference, i.e., on angles ± α _k , and not on the nominal heights of the raises and lowerings of the holds placed along the axis of the hull. With the length of the holds l = 15 m, the height of the gear rails h _p = 0.5 m, the length and height of the lateral curved sectors l _s = 0.5 m, the length of the straight sections of the rails will be: l _p = 15-2 × 0.5-2 × 0.5 = 13 m, and the height difference when they are tilted at an angle α _k will be: h _k = l _p tgα _k , or from 0.37 to 2.6 m. Potential energy when 1 generator with a mass of 1 3.4 t will be: E _p = mgh _k , or from 12.3 to 86.6 kJ per 1 tilt of the housing, which then passes into the kinetic energy of rotation of the rotor and stator, taking into account friction losses of 2%, and into electrical energy , taking into account the efficiency of the generators η = 0.9, which adequate power:

N _pmin ≈0.98 × 0.9 × 12.3 (kJ) / 1.3 (s) ≈ 8.35 (kW),

N _pmax ≈0.98 × 0.9 × 86.6 (kJ) / 4.8 (s) ≈15.9 (kW).

The initial generators develop such power with a decrease in the number of revolutions per second to the values: νmin≈500 / 60 × 8.35 / 200≈0.35 s ^-1 , ν _max ≈500 / 60 × 15.9 / 200≈0.66 s ^-1 . For a period of 2 × 1.3 and 2 × 4.8 s, the rotors will perform the operating speed: ν _pmin ≈0.35 × 2 × 1.3≈0.91 rpm, ν _pmax ≈0.66 × 2 × 4 , 8≈6.3 vol. Then, with the dividing diameter of irreversible gears d _W = 200 mm and their modulus m = 10 mm, or 0.01 m, the number of teeth will be z _W = d _W / m = 20 pcs, and the maximum path that the generator will go along the gear rack for 6.3 turns, it will be: l _pmax = πmν _pmax z _w = π × 0.01 × 20 × 6.3 = 4 m.

Over a length of 13 m of a straight section of the rail, generators can be placed in a garland in the amount of: n = 13 / 1.5 = 9 pieces, which will lead to their total power: N _pmin = 9 × 8.35 = 75.1 kW, N _pmax = 9 × 15.9 = 143 kW.

The total mass of generator 9 of 9 × 3,4 = 30,6 t, including gears and connecting links ≈35 t, which provides them with energy excess energy E _max = mυ ^{2/2 = 35 (3.1 /} 4.8) ² / = 7.3 kJ, which, when it is converted to a potential one, will provide the possibility of raising the extreme generator to a height h _u = E _max / mg = 7.37 (35 × 9.8) = 0.021 m. The exit of the extreme generators to the side curved sections of rails will extinguish their excess energy at a wave height of up to 7 m, and at a wave height of more than 7 m, the power station should be hidden in the bay.

The total capacity of the power plant. In a single-tier arrangement with a height of rails of 0.6 m, a diameter of gears of 0.2 m and a height of generators of 1.38 m, the tier height will be 1.4 m, however, for the convenience of servicing the generators, the tier height can be assumed to be 2 m. Then in the hold height 8 m can be placed 4 tiers. With a generator length of 1.67 m and a passage width between them of 0.57 m, 10 rows of such generators of 9 pieces each can be placed in holds of 23 m wide, and 360 such generators can be placed on 4 tiers in each of 4 holds. Then their total power will be: minimum - ∑W _min = 360 × 4 × 8.35 = 12024 (kW), maximum _{∑W hmax} = 360 × 4 × 15.9 = 22896 (kW).

When placing the proposed power plants in areas of stable sea waves with an average annual wave height of 3 to 7 m, their maximum power of 22.9 MW is realized at 70%, which is a very high energy potential of ≈16 MW. The data obtained confirm the feasibility of the widespread introduction of such power plants and are the basis for their manufacture.

The calculation of the economic efficiency of the proposed power plant showed that with 24 hours of operation per day, during the year (or 365 days), it allows you to generate about 140,000 MW / h of electricity. With an average cost of 1 kWh of electricity of $ 0.1, this will provide an average income of about $ 14 million, which, with an average cost of such a power plant of about $ 25 million, allows you to make a profit for the second year of its operation. Compared with wind power stations of the same power, the area they occupy is 5 times less, and they do not occupy land on land.

The proposed hydropower plants and new electric generators allow to completely displace all available nuclear and thermal power plants to generate electric energy worldwide, which, with its current average annual consumption of ≈3500 billion kW / h, will provide an annual economic effect of up to $ 300 billion, which can be fully obtained after 10 years, with the production of 2000 units of such power plants per year. Given the growing global demand for electric energy, then the annual effect will increase to 700 or more billion dollars per year.

In addition, an economic effect is achieved by reducing the costs of oil and gas production and transportation, as well as nuclear fuel production, construction and operation of power plants with a large number of expensive systems (boilers, steam generators, turbines, etc.) required for electricity generation , and the disposal of their waste, which further reduces environmental pressure on the environment and actually doubles the amount of the resulting economic effect.

The totality of the data confirms the feasibility of widespread use of the proposed power plants.

Currently, preparations are underway to manufacture a batch of such experimental generators and floating equipment at Kherson Shipyard JSC, Ukraine.

Claims (23)

1. A floating coastal hydro-electric power plant, consisting of a floating facility, inside the body of which electric current generators are installed, containing stators and rotors with a common horizontal axis of rotation, in which cores with conductors coils with a magnetic flux excitation system generate electric current during cyclic turns or swings stators and / or rotors arising when the body of the floating vehicle tilts at an angle ± α under the action of waves on it, characterized in that on the basis of and the hulls of the floating means are parallel to each other, pairs of gear racks are installed, the teeth of which are horizontally located, and generators are placed between them, whose rotors are engaged with the teeth of the racks through gears fixed on both ends of their shafts, and the stators freely mounted on the rotors have a constant orientation to the center of the Earth due to the displacement of the center of their mass relative to the axis of their rotation, while generators in an amount of 2 or more are installed parallel to each other and combined with each other in pairs or in flexible rings yands, and the gear racks are located across the hull of the floating vehicle, and it is deployed sidewise parallel to the front of the approach of the waves, or the gear racks are located along the hull of the floating vehicle, and it is deployed by the bow or stern to the front of the approach of the waves and in this position is anchored, and / or held by main and / or auxiliary engines. 2. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the generators are paired with the tight contact of their hulls with each other, while they are connected by clamps and / or their supports are connected to each other by screws, and / or bolts, and side covers are fixed on the ends of the rotor shafts, and / or spring rings are inserted into the grooves made at the ends of the shafts, and / or intermediate washers or thrust bearings are installed between the ends of the generator casings and the gears on the ends of the rotor shafts, diameter which are close to or greater than the pitch diameter of the gears, which serve as limiters of the axial shifts of the generators across the rails when the body of the floating vehicle is rolling by the wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of these rails. 3. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that two or more generators are interconnected into flexible garlands by connecting strips - chain links, into the extreme openings of which the ends of the rotor shafts are introduced with the possibility of their free rotation, and the strips are installed overlapping or flush with each other, when opposite ends are made at their ends, and for axial fixation of these strips, side covers are fixed on the ends of the rotor shafts, or spring rings inserted into grooves are installed The others are made at the ends of the shafts and together with these levels serve as limiters of the axial shifts of the generators across the rails when the body of the floating vehicle is swayed by the wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of these rails. 4. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the generators are equipped with an individual system of batteries or capacitors for accumulating electric current, the discharge of which is performed by additional semiconductor devices for supplying current pulses in a given frequency mode, and these systems are used as an additional load for displacements of the center of mass of stators or rotors relative to the axis of their swing. 5. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that elastic stops are installed in the floating body at the end of the alternator rolling path, or the gear racks are shortened, and upward gear sectors of an arc shape are fixed at their ends, which are a continuation of the gear racks , and have a height that exceeds the height of the lift of the generators by inertia at the maximum wave height perceived by this floating means. 6. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the gear racks are made shortened, and upward gear sectors are fixed at their ends, which are a continuation of the gear racks and have a height that exceeds the height of the generators by inertia at the maximum wave height perceived by floating means and the lateral sectors are made with a variable radius of curvature which gradually decreases from ∞ at their point of contact with the rack until the minimum radius r _min to the top of sects s equal to the radius of the gears engaging with them, mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and / or on the ends of the generator housings, and at the ends of these sectors additional guides are installed that are equidistant to their shape and curvature, which are brought into contact with the vertices of the gear teeth of the rotors and / or with the ends of their shafts. 7. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the stators of the generators have the ability to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation of their rotors, for which gear crowns are fixed on the generator bodies, in the middle part or at their ends, and introduced with them spurious gears are mounted meshing, mounted outside the generator housing on an axis, at the ends of which parasitic gears are also fixed, engaged into gears of the racks, and both ends of this axis, from the two ends of the generator bodies, are inserted with the possibility of rim rotation into the middle hole of the connecting strips, also connecting the ends of the rotor shafts, coupled with the possibility of their free rotation into the extreme holes of the connecting strips, with their axial fixation by covers on their shaft ends and / or on the axis of the parasitic gears, and / or introduced into the grooves made at the ends of the shafts and this axis, spring rings, and the same straps and their fastening elements serve as limiters of the axial shift of the generators when rolling the hull of the floating vehicle by the wave front, non-perpendicular ardent to the ends of the gear racks. 8. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the driven gears are fixed on both ends of the generator housings, with which the drive gears of the parasitic blocks are engaged, cantileverly mounted on the common axles with gears, which are engaged with the gear racks and the semiaxes of the parasitic blocks are led with the possibility of free rotation into the holes of the connecting strips, combining them with the ends of the rotor shafts, which are inserted into the extreme holes of these strips with the possibility of their own one rotation, while the slats are installed on the inner side of the gear racks between the gears fixed to the ends of the stators and on the ends of the rotor shafts and between the gear wheels and gears of the parasitic blocks, or they are installed on the ends of these shafts and half shafts outside of the gear racks and engaged with them gears, and the connecting straps serve as limiters of the axial shift of the generators when rolling the hull of the floating vehicle with a wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of the gear racks. 9. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that at the ends of the shafts of the rotors, interconnected by connecting strips, into the extreme openings of which these shafts are introduced with the possibility of free rotation, irreversible gears with teeth are installed in their central holes in the troughs between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the rotor shafts in only one direction of their rotation, and irreversible gears with teeth are installed on the ends of the generator housings, in the rings fixed to them their hubs between which balls or rollers are inserted, having contact with the holes of these rings in only one direction of their rotation, while on the one side of the ends of the generators, with gear rack, irreversible gears at the ends of the rotor shafts and a reversible gear of the parasitic block are introduced, whose gear is engaged with non-reversible gears mounted on the ends of the generator housings, and on the other side of the ends of the generators, non-reversible gears are engaged, mounted on the ends of the generator housings and a reverse gear of a parasitic block, the gear of which is engaged with non-reversible gears mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts, while the half-axes of the parasitic blocks are introduced with the possibility of their free rotation on average of the holes of the connecting strips. 10. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, on one side of the generator ends, non-reversible gears mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and an irreversible parasitic gear mounted on its axis are introduced, in which the teeth are made in the central holes , balls or rollers are introduced between their troughs, having contact with the ends of the rotor shafts or with this half-axis in only one direction of their rotation, and a gear mounted on the half-axis of this pair of the final block, engaged with reversible gears fixed on the ends of the generator housings, and on the other side of the ends of the generators, on the other gear rack, irreversible gears with teeth on their hubs, which are installed in the hole of the rings fixed on these ends, and between they and teeth introduced balls or rollers having contact with the hole of these rings in only one direction of rotation of the gears, and also a non-reversible gear of the parasite block mounted on the semiaxis was introduced, with killers in its central hole, between the hollows of which balls or rollers are inserted, having contact with the axle shaft in only one direction of rotation of these gears, and the gear wheel of the parasitic block is engaged with reversible gears fixed on the ends of the rotor shafts, at the same time from both ends of the generators the ends of the shafts of the rotors and the semiaxis of the parasitic blocks are connected by connecting strips, into the holes of which they are inserted with the possibility of their free rotation. 11. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that irreversible gears installed on the ends of the rotor shafts are brought into contact with the teeth in their central holes between which the balls or rollers are brought into contact with the shafts of the rotors in only one direction of their rotation, and with the same rack a reversing gear of the parasitic block is brought into contact, on the semiaxis of which there is a non-reversible gear wheel with teeth in its central hole between which balls or rollers are inserted, having contact with the teeth and this half shaft in only one direction of rotation of the gear wheel, which is engaged with the reversible gears fixed to the ends of the generator housings, and on the other side of the ends of the generators with a gear rack the hole of the rings mounted on these ends, irreversible gears, with teeth on their hubs, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the holes of the rings in only one direction of rotation, and a reverse gear of a parasite block mounted on a half shaft with a non-reversible gear wheel, with teeth in its central hole, between which balls or rollers are inserted, which have contact with the teeth and the half shaft in only one direction of rotation of the gear wheel, which is engaged with the reversible gears fixed at the ends of the rotor shafts, while the shafts of the rotors and half shafts of the parasitic blocks are interconnected by connecting strips, in which they are inserted into the extreme and middle holes with the possibility of free rotation i. 12. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that at the ends of the rotor shafts, and / or at the ends of the generator housings, and / or at the ends of the semi-axes of the parasitic gear blocks engaged with them, reversible gears are installed in various combinations having the possibility of transmitting rotation in the forward and reverse direction, and non-reversible gears with gear mechanisms of the freewheeling type, having the possibility of transmitting rotation in only one direction, in which the teeth are made or in the central holes holes, or on the hubs of gears, and balls or rollers are inserted into the hollows between their teeth, having the possibility of contact with the teeth and with the ends of the rotor shafts, and / or with the ends of the semiaxes of the parasitic blocks, and / or with the ends of the generator bodies, in only one direction rotations of these gears, with which gear racks fixed inside the body of the floating means are engaged, installed in combinations from below and / or above these gears, while the ends of the rotor shafts and the axle shaft of the parasitic blocks are interconnected by connecting straps and, into the extreme and middle openings of which they are inserted with the possibility of their free rotation, the same strips, as well as gears and protrusions on the ends of the generator housings, and / or rings and ends of the parasitic gears and gears fixed on them serve as limiters of axial displacements of the generators across these gear racks from the action of the wave front, non-perpendicular to their ends. 13. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that irreversible gears with teeth in their central holes are installed on both ends of the generators at the ends of the rotor shafts, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the rotor shafts in only one direction rotation, and irreversible gears with teeth on the hubs are inserted into the holes of the rings fixed on the ends of the ring generator housings, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the holes of these rings in only one direction their rotation, with which the gear of reversible parasitic blocks is engaged with a gear fixed on their axle shafts, while they and the ends of the rotor shafts are connected by connecting bars, into the extreme and middle holes of which the ends of the rotor shafts and these half shafts are inserted free rotation, and on one side of the ends of generators with reversible gears at the ends of the rotor shafts and with a gear of a non-reversible parasitic block, is engaged from below fixed on the base of the floating medium housing there is a gear rack, and on the other side of the generator ends with reverse gears at the ends of the rotor shafts and with a gear of a non-reversible parasitic block, a similar gear rack is put into gear above, under which, to support the same sides of the generators, a supporting gear is fixed a strip in contact with the ends of the rotor shafts, directly or through bearings mounted on them, which is placed between the connecting strip and the irreversible gears on these ends of the housings and gears ohm of the parasitic block, or placed between the connecting strip and non-reversible gears mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and the reversing gear of the parasitic block, for which the ends of the rotor shafts and the axle shaft of the parasitic block are elongated to the width of the support bar on this side of the generators. 14. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that from both ends of the generators, in the holes of the rings fixed on these ends, irreversible gears are introduced with teeth on the hubs, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the ring holes only in one direction of their rotation, and on the semi-axes of the parasitic blocks, irreversible gears are installed with teeth in their central holes, between which balls or rollers are inserted, having contact with the shafts of the rotors and semi-axes of the parasitic blocks in one direction of their rotation, and on the same semiaxes, gears are fixed engaged with reversing gears fixed on the ends of the generator housings, at which the ends of the rotor shafts and the axle shafts of the parasitic blocks are connected by connecting strips, in the extreme and middle openings of which these shafts and the axes are introduced with the possibility of their free rotation, while on the one side of the ends of the generators the gear rack is fixed on the base of the hold of the hull of the floating vehicle from below, and on the other side of the ends of the generators - similar The toothed rack is mounted on top of the irreversible gears engaged with it, mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and on the axles of the parasitic blocks, and under the upper rack, to support these sides of the generators from below, on the base of the body of the floating vehicle, a support bar is fixed that has contact with the ends of these rotor shafts directly, or through bearings mounted on them, which can be placed between the tie bar and the reversible gears and gear wheels mounted on these ends of the housings operating actions unit, or disposed between the connecting bar and irreversible gears mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts and parasitic block semiaxis, which end of the rotor shaft axis and parasitic block from that side generators are elongated support bar in width. 15. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that rings are fixed on the ends of the generator bodies, into the openings of which irreversible gears with teeth on the hubs are inserted, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the ring openings in only one direction rotation, and on the semi-axes of the parasitic blocks introduced with the possibility of their free rotation in the middle holes of the connecting strips, combining the ends of the rotor shafts with their extreme holes, non-reversible gears are installed, with teeth in their central axial holes, into which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact between the teeth and the half-axes of the parasitic blocks in only one direction of their rotation, and gears are fixed on the same half-axles, engaged into the reverse gears, fixed on the ends of the rotor shafts at the same time, on one side of the ends of the generators, the gear rack is fixed on the base of the floating means from the bottom, and on the other side of their ends, a similar gear rack is fixed on top of the gear engaged and irreversible gears, and under the top rail, to support the bottom of these sides of the generators, a support plate is fixed on the base of the floating means body, which has direct contact with the ends of these rotor shafts, or through bearings mounted on them, which is located between the connecting plate and reversible gears on the ends of the rotor shafts and the gear wheel of the parasitic block, or placed between the connecting plate and non-reversible gears mounted on the ends of the generator housings and on the axle shaft of the parasitic block, for of this side ends of the rotor shafts of generators and parasitic axis unit are elongated support bar in width. 16. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that rings are fixed on the ends of the generator bodies, into the openings of which irreversible gears are inserted with teeth on their hubs, between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the ring openings in only one direction their rotation, and on the semi-axes of the parasitic blocks introduced with the possibility of their free rotation in the middle holes of the connecting strips, combining the ends of the rotor shafts with their extreme holes, reversible gears are fixed and irreversible gears with teeth in their central holes, between which balls or rollers are inserted, having contact with the semi-axes of the parasitic blocks in only one direction of their rotation, which are further engaged with reversible gears fixed to the ends of the rotor shafts, on the one hand the ends of the generator casings, the gear rack is fixed on the bottom of the floating means body from below, and on the other side of their ends, a similar gear rack is fixed on top of irreversible gears mounted on t At the ends of the generator housings and the reverse gears of the parasitic blocks with which these racks are engaged, and under the upper rail, to support these sides of the generators from below, on the base of the hold of the floating means body, a support bar is fixed that has direct contact with the ends of the rotor shafts, or through installed bearings on them, which is located between the connecting plate and reversible gears mounted on the shafts of the rotors, and the non-reversible gear wheel of the parasitic block, or placed between the connecting plate and not reversible gears mounted on the ends of the generator housings and a reversible gear of the semiaxis of the parasitic block, for which on this side of the generators the ends of the rotor shafts and the semiaxis of the parasitic block are made elongated to the width of the support plate. 17. A floating coastal hydro-electric power plant, consisting of a floating facility, inside the body of which electric current generators are installed, containing stators and rotors with a common horizontal axis of rotation, in which cores with coils of conductors and / or with another magnetic flux excitation system provide electric current generation at cyclic rotations or swings of stators and / or rotors arising when the body of the floating vehicle tilts through an angle ± α under the action of waves on it, characterized in that on the base of the floating vehicle’s housing, gear racks are installed in parallel with each other in pairs, the teeth of which are horizontally placed, and generators are placed between them, the stators are engaged with the teeth of the racks through gears fixed on their ends, and the rotors freely installed in them have a constant orientation to to the center of the Earth due to the displacement of the center of mass relative to the axis of their swing by hanging loads at the ends of their shafts, and a current-conducting ring or disk connected to the stator coils, which are isolated from the stator housing and brought into rolling contact with a horizontal electrically conductive busbar mounted above or below them, the busbar is suspended from the top of the ring or disk with the ability to shift under its own weight, or mounted below the ring or disk on springs, or in the generator housing, magnetic field excitation systems are installed, containing permanent magnets or coils with conductors and cores of an electric current generation system, while conductors conducting electric current are introduced into the shaft bore, and their ends are connected to a current-conducting disc or ring fixed to the end of this shaft, isolated from the shaft and brought into rolling contact with a horizontally mounted conductive bus, with a compensation system movable from its weight, or from the action of the springs wear of contact pairs. 18. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 17, characterized in that the gear mounted on one of the ends of the stator housing is engaged with a gear rack mounted on top of it, while the generators on the gear racks are installed in pairs or in larger numbers and flexibly interconnected by connecting strips, into the openings of which the ends of the rotor shafts are introduced with the possibility of their free rotation. 19. A floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 17, characterized in that two gear racks are fixed parallel to each other on the base of the floating tool body, one of which is engaged from the bottom with a gear fixed to one of the ends of the generator body, and the second gear rack fixed in the housing of the floating means above the gear fixed on the end of the rotor shaft and engaged with it from above, and on the other end of the generator housing there is a disk that is mounted with the possibility of rolling from above along mounted on the same base of the body of the floating means of the support bar, with a groove made on the end of the disk, and an adequate ledge on the head of the support bar, which serve as limiters of the axial displacement of the generator when the floating body is pumped by the wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of these rails and bars and, on one side of the groove of this disk, a ring electrode isolated from it is fixed, which diverts electric current from the generator stator and is brought into rolling contact with the electric an electrically conductive bus, insulated from it by gaskets that are made elastic to compensate for wear of the tire and electrode, while the generators are mounted on top of the gear rack and the support bar in pairs or in larger quantities and are flexibly connected to each other by connecting strips, into the openings of which the ends of the rotor shafts are inserted with the possibility of their free rotation. 20. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 17, characterized in that two gear racks are fixed parallel to each other on the base of the floating means body, one of which is engaged from below from the gear fixed to one of the ends of the generator housing, and the second gear rack fixed in the housing of the floating means above the gear fixed on the end of the rotor shaft and engaged with it from above, and on the other end of the generator housing there is a disk that is mounted with the possibility of rolling from above along mounted on the same base of the body of the floating means of the support bar, with a groove made on the end of the disk, and an adequate ledge on the head of the support bar, which serve as limiters of the axial displacement of the generator when the floating body is pumped by the wave front that is not perpendicular to the ends of these rails and bars and, on both sides of this groove, ring electrodes isolated from it are fixed, which divert electric current from the generator stator, which are brought into rolling contact with two electrically conductive buses, located on the protrusion of the support bar and gaskets isolated from it, which are made elastic to compensate for wear of the tires and electrodes of the disk, while the groove on the disk is made with a gap that allows the generator to be shifted across these rods and the bar when the floating means is swinging by a wave front that is not perpendicular to their ends, with an alternating contact of the disk and tire electrodes adequate to this shift, while the generators on the gear rack and the support bar are mounted on top in pairs or in larger numbers, and flexibly connect s between a binding strips, which are introduced in the holes the ends of their rotor shafts with the possibility of free rotation. 21. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 17, characterized in that on the pairs of gear racks fixed to the base of the floating means, the generators are installed by stators, for which gears are engaged on the ends of their bodies along the axis of rotation, which are engaged with these rails and gears are fixed at both ends of the rotor shafts, which are engaged with pairs of gear racks mounted on top of them, and to prevent the rotors and stators from reversing, rings are fixed on the ends of the generator housings, in the openings of which irreversible gears are introduced with teeth on their hubs, balls or rollers are inserted into the hollows between them, having contact with the holes of the rings in only one direction of rotation of these gears, and at the ends of the rotor shafts, irreversible gears are installed with teeth in their central hole, in the hollows between which balls or rollers are inserted that have contact with the rotor shafts in only one direction of rotation of these gears, while on the opposite sides of the generators the orientation of the teeth of irreversible gears is made It is mirror symmetric, and for the removal of electric current, the rings fixed on one side of the ends of the generator housing are equipped with ring electrodes that are isolated from these rings and brought into rolling contact with an electrically conductive tire mounted on the gear rack nearest to the rings, isolated from this tire a gasket that is made elastic to compensate for wear of the tire and ring electrodes, while the generators and gear racks are installed in pairs or in larger quantities and are flexibly connected to each other binding strips, which are introduced in the holes the ends of their rotor shafts with the possibility of free rotation. 22. The floating coastal hydro-electric power station according to claim 17, characterized in that its generators are mounted on two pairs of gear racks, of which one pair is fixed on the base of the floating means from below, and the second pair is fixed in the floating means body from above put into engagement gears attached to both ends of the housing and the ends of the shafts of the generators, which is staggered for each of these pairs of racks - on one side of the ends of the generators - with gears mounted on them, and with opposite on the bottom side - with gears mounted on the ends of the rotor shafts, and to prevent the rotors and stators from reversing, rings are fixed on the ends of the generator housings, in the holes of which irreversible gears are introduced with teeth on their hubs, balls or rollers having contact are inserted into the hollows between them with the holes of the rings in only one direction of rotation of these gears, and at the ends of the rotor shafts there are irreversible gears with teeth in their central hole, balls or rollers having con an act with rotor shafts in only one direction of rotation of these gears, while on the opposite sides of the generators the orientation of the teeth of irreversible gears is mirror symmetric, and for the removal of electric current, the rings mounted on one side of the ends of the generators are equipped with ring electrodes that are insulated from these rings they are brought into rolling contact with an electrically conductive bus mounted on the gear rack closest to the rings, insulated by a gasket from this tire, which to compensate and the wear of the tire and the ring electrodes is made elastic, while the generators and gear racks are installed in pairs or in larger quantities, and are flexibly connected to each other by tie bars, into the openings of which the ends of the shafts of their rotors are introduced with the possibility of their free rotation. 23. A floating coastal hydro-electric power plant, consisting of a floating facility, inside of which there are installed electric current generators containing stators and rotors with a common horizontal axis of rotation, in which cores with coils of conductors with a magnetic flux excitation system generate electric current during cyclic turns or swings stators and / or rotors arising when the body of the floating vehicle tilts through an angle ± α under the action of waves on it, characterized in that it is based on and the hulls of the floating means are parallel to each other, pairs of gear racks are installed, the teeth of which are horizontally located, and generators are placed between them, whose rotors are engaged with the teeth of the racks through gears fixed on both ends of their shafts, and the stators freely mounted on the rotors have a constant orientation to the center of the Earth due to the displacement of the center of mass relative to their axis of rotation, while the gear racks and the generators placed on them in the hull of the floating vehicle are installed on intermediate decks and / or on the upper tiers, including with mutual overlap in the side windows for the output of generators of the lower tier at the extreme points of swing.

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