RU2603212C1 - Method of disperse (bulk) materials continuous drying inside vertically mounted rotating container, heated from outside by radiation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermodynamics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to thermodynamics in terms of radiative heat exchange and to drying technology. In method of dispersed loose materials continuous drying inside vertically installed container it is heated from outside by radiation, and container is made perforated or from mesh and rotated relative to its fixed geometrical axis, and inside container pipe with radial blades on its outer surface is placed, coaxially to it and fixed with gap relative to container bottom and wall, wherein wet loose material is continuously supplied inside pipe, dried loose material is pneumatically removed from container. Container is made in form of thin-walled truncated cone installed vertically with smaller base downwards with obtuse angle between opposite generatrices of more than 100°, normally directing radiation on its side surface, and in lower cone opening thin-layer solid bottom in the form of segment of sphere of fluoroplastic convex part downwards is fixed relative to container, resting container on same shape fixed thrust heel, nine linear radiators of limited length, each in its reflector, are located stationary around container with uniform gap relative to it along generatrices and to each other, creating normally directed to container radiation flux in near infrared region, besides, flat blades fixed on pipe are made trapezoidal in plane, located along pipe in three uniform rows.

EFFECT: invention shall provide high uniformity of container side surface heating, method operation implementing device mounting and servicing.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of thermodynamics in terms of heat transfer by radiation and to drying technology. It can be used for continuous drying of bulk (dispersed) materials in the defense industry for drying explosives, in construction (for example, cement drying), in the production of building materials (for example, sand and dolomite in glass), in agriculture (for example, grain drying), in the food industry (for example, for drying flour, gingerbread and cookies) and for drying industrial waste (for example, sawdust), in the chemical industry, in the production of medical preparations: granules, tablets, powder s, and in other similar industries.

The following abbreviations are used:

SM - bulk material;

IKN - infrared heater (irradiator);

NIKI - direct radiation in the near infrared region, which is generated by quartz halogen tube lamps of the KGT type (for example, KGT220-1000-6), State Unitary Enterprise RM LISMA, Saransk, Mordovia, RF;

IKN - infrared heater assembled from NIKI emitters;

LIKOD - linear infrared emitters of limited length: tubular infrared emitters, KGT series electric lamps in reflectors;

ARNT - voltage-temperature autoregulator: three-phase typical (transistor, dinistor or thyristor) voltage-temperature autoregulator [11]. A typical ARNT includes blocks for indicating the set temperature and displaying current temperature values;

DT - temperature sensor: non-contact temperature measurement sensor - pyrometer, for example Optris CTL15 [12], with a control output to the control input of the ARNT;

BCM - wet bulk material that is sent for drying;

CCM - dry bulk material, dried during the drying process;

MBU - microprocessor control unit (cabinet or station for general automatic drying control).

1. The prior art

General principles and the most common drying technologies (methods) are given in the source [1].

A known technology (method) of drying food materials, in which these materials are placed inside a horizontally rotating cylindrical drum with a drive and fed into the drum overheated process steam or incandescent products of fuel combustion [2]. The rotation of the drum carries out the agitation of a dispersed (loose) product, and the steam or products of combustion heat the product, evaporating moisture from it. The disadvantages of this method are the complexity of the elements of the device, the excess dimensions (dimensions) of the drum (the ratio of the length of the drum to the diameter L / D = 10000 ... 4000/1200 ... 2800 = 5 ... 8) and excessive energy consumption for heating (high energy intensity). This flow rate is due to convective heat transfer between the hot gases and the material to be dried.

For example, the heat transfer energy by convection (from the Fourier law and the Newton-Richmann and Navier-Stokes equations) [3, p. 352]:

where α is the heat transfer coefficient of convection;

A is the surface area of the interaction of the flowing stream of fuel combustion products with the outer surface of the SM in the drum and with the inner surface of the drum free of SM;

t ₁ and t ₂ - temperature of the jet and bulk material;

τ is the heating time.

In contrast to heat transfer by convection (1), heat transfer by radiation (2) is much more efficient and is determined [3, p. 413]:

$$Q=C_{PR}\times A_{PR}\times \left[{\left(\frac{T_{\mathrm{one}}}{\mathrm{one\; hundred}}\right)}^{\mathrm{four}(5)}-{\left(\frac{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="T"\; filenames="00000004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">T</figure-callout>}}_2}{\mathrm{one\; hundred}}\right)}^{\mathrm{four}(5)}\right],\text{(2)}$$

where C _PR - reduced emissivity;

A _PR is the reduced surface area of the emitters and SC;

T ₁ is the absolute temperature of the NIKI 2.4 emitter coil, which for an IKZ type electric lamp coil is 2500 K;

T ₂ - absolute temperature of the outer surface of the SC (21 ° C), which for industrial premises is close to 294 K.

For the same values of the coefficients behind the parentheses of expression (1) and the square brackets of expression (2), it can be seen that the energy of convection heating is proportional to the temperature difference t ₁ and t ₂ in the first degree. The maximum flame temperature (in analogue) during fuel combustion (initial temperature of the stream of fuel combustion products) does not exceed 1900 ° C (t ₁ ), and the temperature of the SC and SM inside the SC is 21 ° C. The temperature head during convective heat transfer will be 1900-21 = 1879.

During heat exchange by means of NIKI (2), the temperature of the IKI helix is 2500 K [4], and this pressure will be determined in the minimum form (using the fourth degree): (25) ⁴ - (2.94) ⁴ = 390625-75 = 390550, t. e. the heating process is carried out almost 208 times more powerful.

A known method of continuous drying of bulk materials in a flow moving inside a rotating tilted cylinder [5]. In this method, the obliquely located cylinder is rotated, heated from below by NIKI along its entire length along the generatrix, and the continuously pre-moistened SM is poured inside. The SM is heated by the heated inner surface of the cylinder in contact, by convection of the air heated by this surface inside the cylinder. This allows you to reduce energy costs for heating the SM. As it heats up, moisture evaporates from the SM, it becomes lighter, the adhesion between the SM particles decreases and it (as it dries) rolls along the inclined surface of the drying cylinder. Significant disadvantages of this analogue are the high energy intensity of heating and the complexity of operations.

The high energy intensity is due to the large wall thickness (at least 3 mm) of the metal drying cylinder due to its large length. When it is heated from the outside by NIKI radiation, only the outer surface of the cylinder is heated. From it to the inner surface, heat is transferred only through thermal conductivity. Metals, as you know, do not pass electromagnetic radiation. Therefore, the thermal energy from the IRI comes to the inner surface of the cylinder only from the heated outer surface through thermal conductivity. At the same time, the heat flux power from the IR to the outer wall of the cylinder also depends on the difference in absolute temperatures raised to the 4th or 5th degree, as in expression (2). At the same time, the heat flux density from the outer wall to the inner one depends on the temperature difference in the first degree and decreases (inversely proportional) with increasing wall thickness [3, p. 318, expression 23.6]. Thus, the bulk material inside the cylinder is heated only by thermal conductivity from the inner (heated) wall and by convection of the air heated inside the cylinder, and the high efficiency of radiation heating is used to heat the dispersed material itself by radiation. In addition, in this method, the cylinder is heated by radiation in a small section of its circumference from below and during rotation this section is cooled by the air surrounding it.

The complexity of the operation lies in the need for two rolling bearings to hold the cylinder, mechanisms for adjusting the angle of inclination of the cylinder and the outer casing covering the cylinder from the outside along with the TSC.

A known method of heating from below the outside of a thin-walled cylindrical tank mounted vertically [6]. In this method, the continuous flat metal bottom of the tank is heated by means of a NK (TKI) TSC assembled from an IRI, such as infrared IR lamps, which create an NIKI directed to the bottom of the vessel. In this case, the lamps are placed geometrically in parallel, with a uniform gap, in a circle, in the form of a multipath star, connecting them electrically in parallel to the output of the voltage regulator. This arrangement of the IKI in the ICN provides the most uniform heating of the bottom of the tank. Using this heating method, it is possible to carry out drying of bulk (dispersed) materials. To do this, they can be poured into the tank and, stirring, heat them from the inner surface of the bottom. Upon reaching the specified dryness - pour SM from the container. In this case, the SU is a fixed container with a heated bottom and this method does not allow continuous drying of the SM.

Separately, bus electrically parallel connection of ICZ lamps in a line parallel to the generatrix of the drying cylinder is known [7, FIG. 1-5], in which NU is also made in the form of TSC.

Both the heating method [6] and the drying method [10] are known.

A method of drying dispersed (bulk) materials inside a vertically mounted cylindrical container, the bottom of which is heated, for example, from the outside by directionally focused radiation in the near infrared region, in which the bulk material is poured into the container on the bottom, heated and removed (poured) from the container.

The main disadvantages of these methods are:

1.1. Inability to provide continuous drying.

1.2. High energy intensity of the drying process with heating.

1.3. The inconvenience of servicing process operations of the method.

1.4. High complexity of technological operations.

This is due to the following.

1.1. Technological operations of the method [10] are not time synchronized and do not occur simultaneously. Therefore, drying is carried out in batches.

1.2. High energy intensity is due to the following.

This disadvantage is associated with two reasons, the first of which is the large distance from the IRI 15 on the carriage with a supporting frame 16 [10, p. 2, FIG. 1] to the material to be dried, which, under the action of gravity, is located below (in the lower part) of the drying drum 3. The emitters 15 cannot be lower than the upper generatrix of the drum 3 - structurally. It is known that the radiation power (energy) decreases in proportion to the square of the distance from the source. Therefore, the radiation energy from IKI 15 from above, reaching the material to be dried at the bottom of the drum 3 is minimal, and the reflective properties of this material also impede its heating, since the heating is due to the absorption (and not reflection) of radiation energy, in particular energy quanta.

The second reason is the maximum heating of the mesh or perforated part of the drying drum in its upper part by radiation from the heaters 15 due to the small distance between this surface of the drum and the heaters 15. The air heated above, between the heaters (IRI) 15 and the surface of the drum 3 by convection rises up in the direction of the heaters 15, since it is lighter than cold and does not reach the material to be dried below.

As a result, the material to be dried along the lower generatrix of the drum is heated only by contact with the inner surface of the drum, heated by heat conduction from the outer surface. At the same time, this outer surface cools continuously during the rotation of the drum, when moving from the top (emitter location area 15) to the bottom. Thus, the thermal energy of the air heated at the top is not used to heat the material to be dried, and the radiation energy of ICH 15 is used with an extremely low efficiency.

1.3. The inconvenience of the service is due to the structural complexity and the inability to freely access the control unit and the control unit.

1.3.1. The structural complexity is due to the complexity of the NU, which, in addition to the carriage 16 with IKI 15, additionally contains a cable device for moving the carriage up and down and a temperature sensor without a regulator (even without an indicator) located inside the drum. The complexity of the SU is caused, in addition to the need for two bearing units, a drive for rotating the drum, its composite bottoms and a cover for filling, pouring out the dried material, and also the need to install a ventilation unit (and its maintenance, for example cleaning), as well as a device positioning the position of the drum at loading times - unloading. From the technical solution (prototype) it is not clear in what position (on the circumference of the drum above or below) the drum cover should be at the moments of its loading and unloading.

1.3.2. The impossibility of free access to NU and SU is associated with the closed type of housing in which they are located, as well as with the presence of covers for the fan and drive.

1.4. The high complexity of technological operations is due to the excessive number of electromechanical drives (to the drum and to the fan) and the mechanical cable mechanism for lifting the carriage with heaters.

A separate and very significant drawback of the use of cylindrical, rather long shell of a cylinder (drum) type IKZ lamps for heating is the “spotting” of temperature fields along the generators (ie, uneven heating along the length). The surface on which the radiation from the lamp is directed is heated more than in the gap between the lamps. Moreover, in the zone of irradiation of the surface of the lamp (“spot” of heating an elliptical shape), its temperature is higher in the center than on the periphery.

A method for heating cylindrical shells from the inside is known in which NIKI from LIKOD — from tubular incandescent lamps of the KGT type — are directed to the inner surface of such a shell [16]. The lamps are first installed in their own reflector in the amount of three, and the reflectors are fixedly attached to the central fixed axis of the shell (cylinder or drum). Reflectors with lamps are placed along the generators of the shell in the form of a three-beam star (in cross section) with a uniform gap relative to the inner surface of the shell. Each of the three lamps is a phase load in a three-phase electric circuit with a common neutral wire, as the total load of the power output of the ARNT. A similar heating method is also known, in which two LICODEs are connected in parallel to each of the three phases of the ARNT load [17]. Compared with the above analogues, the use of LICODE for heating a horizontally rotating cylindrical shell from the inside provides a very high uniformity of heating of the shell along the generatrix. An increase in their total number along the circumference of the shell increases the uniformity of heating of its cylindrical surface.

The disadvantage of these technical solutions for drying SM inside a vertically rotating [18] container is that LIKOD is fixedly attached to the central fixed axis of the shell.

A feature of KGT lamps is their wider range of sizes and a higher energy density of the radiation flux [19-22] and Appendix 1, p. 2 at the end of this text. For example, in infrared reflector lamps of the type IKZ (in analogs), the temperature of the spiral at a nominal voltage of 2350 K. The temperature of the spirals of KGT lamps, types 4, 5, 6 is, respectively, 2500, 2600 and 2800 K.

It is known that the energy density of the radiation flux of a completely black body (blackbody): E = C · (T / 100) ⁴ , (W / cm ² ), C = 5.68 W / (cm ² · K ⁴ ). This is the law of the fourth degree of Stefan-Boltzmann. The position of the maximum radiation energy on the spectrum scale is determined by the Wien displacement law: λ _max = 2898 / T (μm). For ICZ lamps, λ _max = 2898/2350 = 1.23 μm. For KGT lamps, λ _max = 2898/2800 = 1.00 μm. From this it follows that it is a type 6 KGT lamp that generates radiation in the most near infrared region.

Metals (lamp spirals) at temperatures at which their maximum flux density is at a wavelength of less than 4 microns are close in properties to gray bodies. For metals, the radiation flux density (radiation power) for them (for metals) is proportional to the 5th degree of temperature: E = ε · C _K · (T / 100) ⁵ , (W / cm ² ), ε is the degree of blackness (tungsten ε ≈0.72), C _K (for gray bodies) = 2.23 W / (cm ² · K ⁵ ) [23, p. 7-17].

For ICZ lamps, E = 0.72 · 2.23 · (2350/100) ⁵ = 11507385 W / cm ² .

For KGT lamps, E = 0.72 · 2.23 · (2800/100) ⁵ = 27536589 W / cm ² .

In this case, it is seen that a higher temperature of the spiral of KGT lamps, which (2800.2350 = 1.19) is higher than that of the ICZ, by only 20%, gives a 2.4-fold increase in the energy density of the radiation flux. This is a very significant circumstance for heating during drying.

2. The closest technical solution (prototype) to the proposed one is the method of drying the SM inside a vertically mounted cylindrical tank [18].

This technical solution is as follows. Drying of dispersed (bulk) materials is carried out inside a vertically mounted cylindrical container. The bottom of the tank is flat. It is heated externally by directionally focused radiation in the near infrared region. The bottom or the entire tank is mesh or perforated and the bottom and the tank are heated, directing radiation to the heated surface of the tank, rotating the tank about its axis. The dried, initially wet, material is poured continuously into the hollow fixed pipe, which is mounted vertically inside the container coaxially with a uniform gap between the outer surface of the pipe and the inner cylindrical surface of the container. Between the lower end of the pipe and the bottom of the tank create a gap. The material inside the pipe is moved down to the middle (to the center) of the heated bottom under the action of gravity (weight) of the material. Under the action of this force and the centrifugal inertia force of the masses of particles of the material, it is moved from this middle along the surface of the bottom from its middle to its edges. Further, by the forces of pressure, according to the law of communicating vessels, the material is moved upward between the cylindrical wall of the rotating container and the outer surface of the fixed pipe. Near the upper edge of the container from above, the dried material is captured by the suction torch of the pneumatic conveying device and the dried material is continuously removed from the container. The material to be dried, in the process of its movement inside the container from the bottom up, is continuously agitated and mixed. To do this, the blades are fixedly mounted on the pipe from the outside, ensuring the interaction of these blades with the material during its rotation together with the container. The speed of continuous removal of dried material from the tank, the speed of rotation of the tank and the heating temperature are set, controlled and maintained in automatic mode.

This technical solution (in comparison with analogues) allows to ensure the continuity of drying, a significant reduction in the energy intensity of the drying process and increased ease of maintenance, since all the main technological operations of the method are performed in automatic mode.

The process operations themselves are simplified when implementing the method in comparison with analogues.

The main objectives of the invention (in comparison with the prototype) is to obtain the following technical results:

1. The possibility of implementing continuous drying.

2. Ensuring uniformity of heating of the side surface of the rotating container along the generatrices and around the circumference.

3. Simplification of the manufacture, installation and maintenance of the device for implementing the operations of the method.

3. Reasons that hinder the receipt of technical results.

3.1. Continuous drying according to the prototype is not possible.

Analysis of the reasons (based on the study of the materials of the prototype [18], including Fig. 1-10), showed the following. A cylindrical mesh container or perforated container 1 with a mesh or perforated bottom 1A has an inner surface with a very high roughness (holes in the mesh or in perforations) and, of course, a very high coefficient of resistance to movement of the aircraft. This phenomenon is especially important on the inner surface of the bottom 1A under the pipe 12. Here the adhesion of the SM to the bottom is especially high, because the SM is also pressed against the wall of the bottom 1A by the pressure force under the gravity of the aircraft inside the pipe 12. At the same time, the centrifugal force in this region of the bottom the mass inertia of the SM particles is minimal during rotation of the tank 1 (Fig. 10 of the prototype [18]) and is insufficient to move these particles to the wall of the cylindrical tank 1. Therefore, the SM layer on the bottom 1A under the pipe 12 is stationary with the SM entering continuously into the pipe 12 (at this increases The force of gravity or pressure f СМ inside the pipe 12) is continuously increasing and the pipe 12 is clogged to the top.

The second reason is the presence of four rows of solid stationary blades 12A, 12B, 12B, 12G in the prototype (Fig. 2, 10) of constant width in the plane, fixedly mounted on the pipe 12. The prototype uses the law of communicating vessels (hydraulics). In FIG. 10 of the prototype it can be seen that these blades are a large hydrodynamic resistance (obstacle) to the movement of the SM upward inside the tank 1 between its wall and the outer surface of the pipe 12.

The law of hydraulics, known as the law of communicating vessels, exists for vessels and liquids with a constant and small coefficient of fluid friction (sliding friction) or viscosity. For water, it is 0.00105 kg / m · s [24, p. 55-56, tab. 19]. In the SM layer, near the bottom surface, when it moves, viscous and dry friction between the SM and the steel surface of the mesh, as well as viscous and dry friction between the SM particles, are acting. The average viscosity of such friction can be represented as the viscosity of glycerol 1.39 kg / m · s [24, p. 55-56, tab. 19]. This viscosity is 1000 times higher than the viscosity of water, therefore, with the same pressure force (gravity) of the SM inside the pipe 12, the speed of its movement upward between the vessel wall and the pipe from the bottom will be lower, the higher the viscosity. In our case, this speed will be microscopic.

Therefore, when the SM is fed into the pipe 12 at a speed of 1 m / min, it will move from the pipe 12 along the bottom 1A to the wall of the tank 1 and between the pipe 12 and between the wall and the pipe 12 at a speed of 1 mm / min. It is clear that at a constant feed rate of SM inside the pipe 12, the pipe will become clogged. Between the cylindrical shell of the tank 1 and the pipe 12 are viscous and dry friction between the particles of the SM, as well as viscous and dry friction between the particles of the SM with the surfaces of the stationary blades. It is clear that with an increase in the number of motionless blades, the friction forces that impede the motion of SM particles increase. The constant clogging of the pipe 12 was also observed experimentally when drying semolina.

The third reason is the heating of the mesh or perforated bottom 1A from the bottom from the outside, in the prototype [18, FIG. 2], through IKN 7 with IKZ lamps. In this area, heating (bottom temperature 1A) is not controlled by a temperature sensor 9, which is placed on a vertical rack 11A. The heating of the bottom 1A occurs uncontrollably, the bottom overheats and the SM burns to the bottom from the inside, turning into an additional brake for the movement of the SM.

3.2. The unevenness of the heating of the tank around the circumference of the cylindrical surface is due to the fact that only 2 TSC 7B and 7B are installed vertically on the stationary racks 11, 11B and 11B, around the circumference of the tank 1 of the prototype [18]. The circumference of the arc, from one section heated by radiation to another, is too long. For one revolution of the container at this distance, the heated section manages to cool under the influence of flowing air.

The unevenness of the heating of the tank in height is due to the spotting of the heating of the ICZ lamps in the prototype [18], FIG. 8, where they are installed in one vertical row. Compared to tank sizes, lamps are point sources of radiation. The disadvantage of such heating was discussed above in a comparative analysis of analogues in which LIKOD - quartz halogen mode lamps were used. KGT.

3.3. The complexity of the manufacture, installation and maintenance of the device for implementing the operations of the method lies in the heating operation. The heating of the tank 1 with the bottom 1A in the prototype is carried out by heaters that are different in design despite the uniformity of the emitters - ICZ lamps. So, to heat the side cylindrical surface of the tank 1, it is required to fabricate and mount together electrically conductive rectangular busbars, dielectric partitions separating them, a dielectric substrate under them. After that, the entire assembly must be mounted on vertical racks 11B and 11B (Fig. 8 prototype).

To heat the bottom 1A of the tank 1, it is necessary to manufacture, install the TSC 7 in the housing, and install (slide) the infrared heater body under the bottom 1A. In this case, it is necessary to produce the same functional elements as for 7B, 7B, but not rectangular (in the plane), but round.

When the heaters (emitters) are in operation, each of the ICZ lamps may burn out. Their replacement in the 7B and 7B heaters in the prototype is quite simple to produce: they turned the burned out and screwed a new one. To replace the lamp in IKN 7 under the bottom 1A, the IKN together with the housing must be pulled out from under the bottom 1A, for which it is necessary to stop drying (stop the process).

4. Signs of the prototype, consistent with the claimed invention

The method of continuous drying of dispersed (bulk) materials inside a vertically mounted container, which is heated externally by directional infrared radiation, in which the container with the bottom is perforated or mesh and rotate relative to its own vertical axis, and inside the container, coaxially and motionless, with a gap relative to the bottom and the wall of the tank place a pipe with blades radially mounted on its outer surface, and the wet bulk material is continuously filled up (p give) inside the pipe, the dried bulk material is pneumatically removed from the container, while the speed of continuous supply of the dried material into the pipe, the speed of continuous removal (output) of the dried material from the container, the rotation speed of the container and the heating temperature are set and maintained automatically using an optical sensor temperature and three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator.

5. The objectives of the invention are the following technical results:

5.1. To ensure the implementation of continuous drying.

5.2. Ensure uniform heating of the side surface of the rotating container along the generatrix and around the circumference.

5.2. To simplify the manufacture, installation and maintenance of the device for implementing the operations of the method.

6. These technical results in the inventive method are achieved by the fact that the mesh or perforated container is made in the form of a truncated cone, mounted vertically with a smaller base down, with an obtuse angle between the opposite generators of more than 100 °, directing radiation to its side surface normal to it, and in the lower hole of the cone is motionless relative to the container and the thin-layer continuous bottom is firmly fixed in the form of a segment of a sphere made of fluoroplastic with the convex part down, resting the container with this part of the bottom on a fixed nine of the same shape, mounted motionless coaxially of the vessel, while around the vessel, nine linear emitters of a limited length, each in its own reflector, creating a radiation flux directed to the normal along the generators and with a uniform gap relative to it along the generators and between them, and these emitters are connected to a three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator three in each phase so that three emitters in each phase are connected electrically in parallel, in addition, stationary flat blades The parts on the pipe are made trapezoidal in the plane, arranged along the pipe in three uniform rows along the pipe and with the narrow base of the trapezoid in the direction of the tank, the length of the blades being increased from the bottom of the pipe up.

7. The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a longitudinal (vertical plane) section of a device for implementing the inventive device. In FIG. 2 shows a diagram of this device, as a top view, and in FIG. 4 and 3 are diagrams of this device (top view) for small overall dimensions of the device, for example, for experimental work during drying of high-speed iron.

7.1. A device for implementing the proposed method includes the following basic elements.

1 - designation of capacity as an assembly:

1A - the wall of the tank 1 as a thin-walled shell made in the form of a truncated cone. This wall 1A is made in the form of a truncated cone of mesh or perforated sheet of steel 12X1810T (Fig. 1 and 2). The angle α between the generatrix of the cone 1A and the vertical is greater than 50 °;

1B - the bottom of the tank 1 as a thin-walled shell made in the form of a segment of a sphere with an outer radius R. This bottom 1B is made of fluoroplastic-4, inserted into the lower hole of the cone 1A and coaxially fixed to it, for example, with rivets;

1B - the drive element of the kinematic transmission (similar to the prototype [18]) is arbitrarily designated from the drive (not shown in the diagrams) to the tank 1, mounted on the tank 1 from above. It can be, for example, a gear or a friction clutch;

2 - the thrust bearing of the tank 1, made in the form of a continuous cylinder of fluoroplastic-4, mounted motionless and vertically on a fixed base (not indicated). The upper surface of the thrust bearing 1B is made in the form of a bowl as a segment of a sphere with an inner radius R, on which the bottom 1B of the tank 1 rests (Fig. 1);

3 - TSC is designated as an assembly;

3A is a mounting angle of a flat steel plate bent in half at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone 1A to the horizontal;

3B - reflector, the same as in the analogue [16];

3B - a linear source of infrared radiation of a limited length - lamp mod. KGT220-1000-6. Nominal electric power 1000 W (1 kW), nominal spiral temperature 2800 K, version - 6 (Appendix 1).

The assembly of the reflector 3B and the lamp 3B is carried out in the same way as in the analogue [16]. Unlike the analogue [16], the reflector 3B is firmly attached not to the fixed axis of the rotating cylinder, but to one of the shelves of the corner 3A. Another shelf corner 3A is fixedly attached to a fixed base (not indicated) so that between the TSC 3 and the side surface of the cone 1A a uniform gap Δ = 5-10 mm is provided. This gap does not prevent the rotation of the cone 1A, but prevents the large dissipation of radiation energy between the lamp 3B and the outer surface of the cone 1A (Fig. 1). Similarly, on a fixed base (not indicated) around the tank 1 nine such TSC 3 are motionlessly placed.

4 - fixed pipe installed and fixed relative to the tank 1 in the same way as in the prototype [18];

5 - fixed blades fixedly attached to the pipe 4, perpendicular to it (Fig. 1, 2). Unlike the prototype, the blades 5 are installed in three uniform rows (in the plane perpendicular to the pipe 4, Fig. 2). The blades 5 (in the plane) have the shape of a narrow isosceles trapezoid, with a large base (B) and with a smaller base (c), attached to the pipe by the base B. According to the height of the pipe 4, in each vertical row, the blades 5 are located with a uniform distance between each other ;

6 - a suction head, mounted on a stationary and flexible pneumatic conveying pipe 6.1 (Fig. 1, 2). The pneumatic pipe 6.1 is made and installed in the same way as in the prototype [18, pos. 15], therefore, the fastening means, elements and equipment for pneumatic transportation of the HSR from the tank 1 are not shown in the diagrams. They are similar to the prototype [18, pos. 16, 17, 18];

7 - vertical of the same type [-shaped racks (Fig. 1, 2), the same as in the prototype ([18], pos. 11A, 11B, 11B). Three such racks 11 (Fig. 2) are installed and perform the same functions as in the prototype;

8 - drive, the rotating drive element 1B together with the cone 1A, resting the bottom 1B on the thrust bearing 2. The drive 8 and the kinematic transmission 8 - 1B in this device are the same as in the prototype. The bearing assembly (not shown), on which the drive element 1B rests on the lower plane, holding the container 1A vertically, is made in the same way as in the prototype ([18], Figs. 1, 2, 7, pos. 3, 3.1 and 3.2).

The remaining elements of the device for implementing the proposed method, including DT, ARNT, MBU, the system for supplying the high-speed cable to the pipe 4, are similar to the prototype [18] and perform the same functions, therefore, they are not shown in the diagrams.

7.2. A device for implementing the proposed method works in the same way as the prototype [18]. For example, when the drive 8, nine IKN 3, the system for supplying the HSR to the pipe 4 and the system for pneumatic removal of the SSI from the tank 1, the HSR continuously moves down inside the pipe 4 under the action of gravity (dead weight). The tank 1 rotates, TSC 3 continuously heats the conical surface 1A of the tank 1, and the DT with ARNT constantly maintains the given temperature of this surface.

In the process of movement in the pipe 4, the HFM in the layer interacting with the internal stationary surface of the pipe 4 is inhibited due to the friction forces F _T between the HFM and the wall, FIG. 1. Therefore, in the mass of the HSR under the pipe 4 on a smooth surface (in shape is a segment of the sphere) of the bottom 1A, the force F _B extruding the HSR continuously acts along the axis of the pipe 4 (Fig. 1). It extrudes from the center of the bottom 1A under the pipe tangentially to the inner sphere of the bottom 1A at the intersection of the axis of the pipe with this spherical surface in all horizontal directions H _B. This force F _B has a maximum value precisely along the axis of the pipe 4, since the gravity forces of the HFM near the inner surface near decrease by the friction forces F _T (when the HFM moves), which act in the opposite direction to the HFM movement (Fig. 1).

The force F _B , squeezing the HSR under the pipe 4 from the center of the bottom 1A in horizontal directions, moves the HSR on a smooth surface (a concave portion of the spheroidal cup) of fluoroplastic-4 (Teflon) with a friction coefficient of 0.08 (for the HSR itself, this coefficient is 1.39 , it is shown above in section 3). In this method, the friction coefficient, between the bottom 1A and the HSR, in the region of maximum pressures on the HSR under the pipe 4 is reduced by more than 15 times compared with the prototype, and the force F _B freely extrudes the HSR in the directions of H _B. Moving from the center of the bottom 1A in the directions H _B along the smooth and slippery surface of the bottom, the HSR moves sideways to the conical 1B rotating wall, where the magnitude of the centrifugal inertia force F _C increases. At the same time (the law of communicating vessels), the pressure force of the HSR upwards F _DW also acts at the same time, into which the force F _{B is} converted (Fig. 1). The resultant of these forces F _C and F _DW (the total force acting on the HSR particles) is directed along the generatrices of the cone 1A, moves the HSR from the bottom (from the bottom 1B) upward along the inner conical heated surface of the shell 1A and is dried during heating and during the process of tedding by fixed blades 5 that interact with the SM during its movement together with the cone 1A.

The dried CM (CCM) has a lower mass than the BCM, and in the process of tedding floats up in the total mass of the BCM. The total mass of the HSR (drying and mixing during the rotation of the cone 1A) rises up inside this cone. At its upper edge, the CCM is captured by the suction torch of the suction head 6 and is taken away through the pneumatic pipe 6.1. This is the same as in the prototype [18].

The conical surface 1A in this technical solution allows to increase the inertia force F _C as the SM moves in the tank 1 up, increase the density of the SM near the conical surface 1A, and increase the heating intensity of the HSR from this heated surface and from radiation penetrating through the holes of the mesh or perforation.

Thus, the first technical result is achieved — a continuous drying process of the high-speed iron is carried out.

In this technical solution, heating of the rotating conical surface 1A by radiation directed at it in the near infrared region is provided by nine identical TSC 3 (Fig. 1, 2) from IK3220-1000-6 lamps with reflectors. These ICIs are uniformly placed around the circumference of cone 1A, and the radiation from LIKOD itself is the same in density along the tube lamp and, accordingly, along the generatrix of cone 1A. In the prototype, in a circle around the cylinder, only 2 ICN are installed along its generators (the third heats the flat bottom). NIKI emitters in the prototype create spotted heating of the cylindrical shell. Placing nine identical TSCs parallel to the conical surface 1A from the outside and the direction of the NIKI from these TSCs to the surface makes it possible to increase the uniformity of heating (circumference) of the HSR inside the tank 1A by at least 4 times. The use of NIKI LIKOD as emitters in reflectors makes it possible to increase the heating uniformity in height (along the generatrices of cone 1A) by at least 2 times. In General, when the rotation of the tank 3, the heating of its conical surface is carried out as evenly as possible.

Thus, a second technical result is achieved - the uniformity of the heating of the HSR inside the tank 3 increases by at least 8 times in comparison with the prototype. Therefore, the drying process (drying speed) is faster.

The third technical result: the simplification of the manufacture, installation and maintenance of the device for implementing the operations of the method is ensured by the following.

7.2.1. Production of heating devices

In the prototype [18] for devices heating the cylindrical surface of the tank, it is necessary (except for ICZ lamps) to produce rectangular electrically conductive buses - 2 pcs each. on one device, dielectric partitions between them (2 pcs at the edges and 1 pc between the lamps) - at least 5 pcs. per device, 1 dielectric rectangular dielectric base for a neutral bus on one device. Total for one device you need to make 8 parts of different types and sizes. For 2 devices, respectively, 16 pcs.

In the prototype [18], for a device that heats a round flat bottom of a tank, it is necessary (except for ICZ lamps) to produce round electrically conductive buses - 2 pcs each. on one device, dielectric partitions between them and between the lamps - at least 5 pcs. per device, 1 round dielectric base for neutral bus on one device and a round heater body - 1 pc. to the device. Total for one device you need to make another 9 parts of a different type and size. In total, for heating in the prototype, it is necessary to produce (16 for the cylindrical and 9 for the bottom) 25 different types of parts.

In this technical solution, the heating device consists of 2 parts of the same type (except for KGT220-1000-6 lamps) - corner 3A and reflector 3B (Fig. 1, 2). A total of nine devices need to produce 18 of the same type of parts. A very significant simplification of manufacture.

7.2.2. Installation of heating devices

In the prototype [18] in order to mount two devices for heating the cylindrical surface of the tank 1B (prototype, Fig. 8) you need to assemble 16 parts in two infrared heaters, and the heaters are fixed vertically and motionless on two [-shaped racks 11B and 11B, fix the racks on the foundation, and then install the ICZ (IKI) lamps in the tires - at least 10 pcs. on two heaters. In total, at least 28 different elements must be mounted.

In the prototype [18], in order to mount one device for heating the horizontal bottom 1A (prototype, Fig. 8), you need to assemble 9 parts in one IKN - in one infrared heater in the housing 7 (IKN), after which at least 3 IKZ lamps, and fix the heater under the bottom of the cylindrical tank. In total, at least 11 different elements must be mounted. In total, for heating in the prototype you need to mount (28 and 11) at least 39 different elements.

In this technical solution, the heating device consists of 2 parts of the same type (except for KGT220-1000-6 lamps) - corner 3A and reflector 3B (Fig. 1, 2). In total, for uniform heating of the wall of the conical tank 1A, 18 parts (9 operations) must be connected in pairs and nine TSC 3 should be fixed with corners 3A to the foundation (9 operations). In total, for heating in the claimed technical solution, it is necessary to mount and attach (9 and 9) at least 18 mounting operations.

A very significant (almost 2 times) simplification of the installation of the heating system

7.2.3. Maintenance of a device for implementing method operations

In the prototype, it consists in servicing two types of infrared heaters that are different in design. One is installed outside the heated container, and access to it is free. The other is located in the housing, under the bottom of the heated container. For its maintenance, the heater must be pulled out from under the bottom of the tank (removed), and for this it is necessary to turn off its power supply, i.e. stop the drying process.

In this technical solution, all TSC 3 (Fig. 1, 2) are of the same type, are installed outside the tank 3 and can be serviced freely without stopping the drying process. EFFECT: simplification and facilitation of maintenance without stopping the drying process.

Note. In figures 3 and 4, it is shown that the device for implementing the proposed method can be equipped not with nine TSC 3, but six (Fig. 4) or three (Fig. 3). This is necessary for the manufacture of small (Н≈250-300 mm, Fig. 1) devices as laboratory (experimental) installations for testing the process of continuous drying.

For industrial production, the installation height (Fig. 1) is N≈1-1.5 m, while the length of the generatrix of the cone 1A is 1.5-2.1 m.

8. Sources of information

1. Sazhin B.S. Basics of drying technology. M .: Chemistry. 1984. P.320.

2. Kurochkin A.A. Machines and apparatus for the processing of milk and meat. Penza, PTI, 2000. S.327.

3. Nashchekin VV Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer. M .: Higher school, 1980. P.469.

4. www.guprm-lisma.

5. RU No. 2465526 C2, IPC F26B 3/04, publ. 10/27/2012, Bull. No. 30.

6. RU No. 2479953 C2, IPC Н05B 3/20, publ. 04/20/2013, Bull. No. 11.

7. RU No. 2431793 C1, IPC F26B 3/34, publ. 10/20/2011, Bull. No. 29.

8. SU No. 1754812 A1, IPC D01H 5/20, publ. 08/15/1992, Bull. No. 30.

9. SU No. 1807109 A1, IPC D01H 5/00, publ. 04/07/1993, Bull. No. 13.

10. RU No. 2317093 C1, IPC F26B 11/02, publ. 06/20/2008.

11. http://www.electrum-av.com.

12. www.tekkno.ru.

13. http://www.comzav.ru/contact.php.

14.http: //www.edu.yar.ru/projects/socnav/prep/phis001/liq/liquid23.html.

15. http://yourdevice.net/avr/musu.pdf.

16. RU 2263730, 10.11.2005.

17. RU 2300589, 10.06.2007.

18. Application for invention No. 2013157618 (input No. 089744) dated 12.24.2013 with the FIPS decision on the grant of a patent dated 01.22.2015.

19.http: //tdselz.ru/category_small/view/14.

20. elektrolampa@vandex.ru.

21. http://eliteks.ru/lampy-kgt.

22. http://www.lampa.ru/product/kgt-220-1000-4-lampa-kvarts-galogen-lisma-14645.

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Claims (1)

The method of continuous drying of dispersed (bulk) materials inside a vertically mounted container, which is heated externally by directional infrared radiation, in which the container with the bottom is perforated or mesh and rotate relative to its own vertical axis, and inside the container, coaxially and motionless, with a gap relative to the bottom and the wall of the tank place a pipe with blades radially mounted on its outer surface, and the wet bulk material is continuously filled up (p give) inside the pipe, the dried bulk material is pneumatically removed from the container, while the speed of continuous supply of the dried material into the pipe, the speed of continuous removal (withdrawal) of dried material from the container, the rotation speed of the container and the heating temperature are set and maintained automatically using optical a temperature sensor and a three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator, characterized in that the mesh or perforated container is made in the form of a truncated cone, set vertically smaller base down, with an obtuse angle between the opposite generators of more than 100 °, directing radiation to its side surface normal to it, and in the lower hole of the cone is motionless relative to the container and firmly fix the thin-layer solid bottom in the form of a segment of a sphere made of fluoroplastic with the convex part down , resting the container with this part of the bottom on a fixed thrust bearing of the same shape mounted motionless coaxially of the container, while around the container motionless, with a uniform clearance relative to it For generators and among themselves, they have nine linear emitters of limited length, each in its reflector, creating a radiation stream directed normal to the capacitance, and these emitters are connected to the three-phase voltage-temperature autoregulator three in each phase so that three emitters each phase is electrically connected in parallel, in addition, fixed flat blades on the pipe are made trapezoidal in the plane, arranged along the pipe in three uniform rows along the pipe and the narrow base of the trapezoid in the direction of spine, the length of the blades increases from the bottom of the pipe upwards.

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