RU2603036C2 - Flexible protective concrete pavement and method of its laying - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to coast-protection structures. Flexible protective concrete pavement is made from concrete blocks 1 incrementally located in the longitudinal and the transverse directions and interconnected with biaxial geo-synthetic grid 5, embedded into concrete blocks 1. Concrete blocks 1 are made in upper part 3 in the form of a hemisphere and in lower part 2 they are of cylindrical shape with metal pins 4 embedded on its bottom end face along the outline of a circle at the angle of 65-90° in two vertical planes - the longitudinal and the transverse ones (relative to the length of the structure) and directed outside from the center. Such design of the flexible protective concrete pavement makes it possible to roll it into a compact roll, thus facilitating its transportation to the place of paving and paving it on a slope and enabling the use of less powerful jib crane for loading, which simplifies the process of its laying. Method of laying the flexible protective concrete pavement involves transportation of a premade concrete pavement to the place of its laying and placing it on a slope. Before transportation the pavement is rolled into a compact roll and fixed by means of a holding system, for example, tied with ropes to prevent spontaneous unfolding of the roll during transportation. Installation of the rolled flexible protective concrete pavement is performed by a jib crane, which takes the roll with its mounting lugs and lowers on the place of installation so, that metal rods of the first (upper) row of concrete blocks enter the soil for the whole length. Then the ropes wrapping the roll are disconnected and it is independently unfolded and placed on the surface of the slope.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at simplified process of transportation and installation of the flexible protective concrete pavement on the slope.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shore protection structures designed to protect slopes, slopes, banks, pipeline crossings, dams from erosion by water flows, mainly for slopes of a railway subgrade.

A known method of erection of a flexible protective concrete coating, which allows to protect the slope from erosion (Guidelines for the use of universal flexible protective concrete mats. - Voronezh: LLC "Micron V", 2010. - 32 p.

A method of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating (concrete mats) consists in delivering prefabricated concrete mats to the place of erection of the coating and laying them on a slope.

The method of construction of a flexible protective concrete coating is as follows.

Concrete mats are prefabricated, including concrete blocks interconnected in rows and in order using flexible connections, such as cables or nylon ropes. Then the manufactured concrete mats are transported to the installation site and laid on a slope. Before laying concrete mats, a needle-punched non-woven geotextile fabric is preliminarily placed on the slope surface to prevent leaching of soil from under a flexible protective concrete coating. After that, concrete mats delivered to the installation zone are seized with the help of a special traverse by the mounting loops and lowered by the lifting mechanism to the place of their installation. Laying starts at the foot of the slope. Along the bottom of the slope of the road, one row of thicker concrete mats, serving as anchors, is laid. If the slope of the embankment is large, then several concrete mats are laid alternately. To do this, two concrete mats are laid slope on top of each other, then adjacent mounting loops of the concrete mats lying on top of each other are connected. After that, the upper concrete mat for the lower mounting loops with a crane or winch lift up the slope. The operation is repeated until the entire roadside is protected. In this case, the uppermost concrete mat during laying should be transferred from the slope to a relatively horizontal top of the slope and at the top its ends are pressed by a heavier concrete mat or concrete in the trench.

Concrete mats laid on a slope are connected to each other and to the ground using special brackets (anchors) driven into the ground. When driving a bracket into the ground, the mats are pulled together with each other, forming a single concrete coating, and at the same time they are attached to the ground.

The known method of erection of a flexible protective concrete coating provides a reliable coating and prevents shedding of slopes.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low degree of manufacturability. The low degree of manufacturability is due to the problem of transportation and installation of the shore protection coating in remote and inaccessible places and installation of the protective coating in cramped conditions due to the need to use traverses, cranes with increased lifting capacity (due to the increased reach of the boom for installation). In addition, the need for mechanical fastening on the slope requires additional fastening devices, such as anchors.

A device for implementing this method is a universal flexible protective concrete coating (concrete mat), the principle of which is based on strengthening the slopes from erosion by water flows (RF patent No. 2129635, E02B 3/12 (2006.01). Universal flexible protective concrete coating / V.N Latartsev, V.I. Birkin, V.I. Lykov, A.A. Shvetsov; Closed Joint-Stock Company Underwater Technical Works "PETR" (RF). - No. 98112000; Declared 02.13.1998; Publish. 27.04. 1999, Bull. No. 12).

, где d_k - диаметр троса; α - угол наклона грани блока.The universal flexible protective concrete coating (concrete mat) contains concrete blocks, interconnected in order and in rows with the help of ropes monochromatic in concrete blocks in the form of nylon ropes. The blocks are made in the form of bilateral truncated pyramids with rectangular bases. At the ends of the blocks recesses are made. The area of the opening of the recess should be more than half the area of the end face of the block. As cables, kapron ropes monopolized in blocks were used. The distance L between adjacent blocks is selected depending on the angle of inclination of the faces of bilateral truncated pyramids and the diameter of the cable (rope) and is determined by the dependence $$L=\frac{\mathrm{one}}{2}{d}_k\left[tg\alpha +\frac{\mathrm{one}}{cos\alpha }\right]$$

where d _k is the cable diameter; α is the angle of inclination of the face of the block.

In the peripheral blocks or between adjacent peripheral blocks, mounting loops are made from the same cable (rope). Thus, a flexible web (concrete mat) is assembled from concrete blocks laced together by a flexible connection.

The device operates as follows.

Concrete mats made in advance of a universal flexible protective concrete coating are transported to the installation area and, using a special frame-type traverse, are grabbed by the mounting loops and the lifting mechanism is lowered to the desired location.

The recesses made at the ends of the concrete blocks contribute to a better adhesion of the coating to the ground (an anchor effect such as a suction cup) and hold the coating at the installation site.

This coating design provides ease of manufacture of blocks and the coating itself, its high flexibility and reliable adhesion to the ground, as well as the versatility of the coating due to the possibility of formation of arches and surfaces of various configurations.

The disadvantage of a universal flexible protective concrete coating is the low degree of manufacturability. The low degree of manufacturability is due to the difficulty of transporting the shore protection coating to remote and inaccessible places and installing it in cramped conditions due to the need to use traverses, cranes with increased lifting capacity (due to the increased reach of the boom for installation).

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating to protect the slope from erosion (RF patent No. 2491385, B02B 3/12, E02D 17/20 (2006.01). Flexible concrete coating to protect the coastal slope or slope / E.Kh. Kushu, Yu.V. Artyukhin; LLC “Scientific and Design Center ″ Beregozashchita” (Russian Federation). - No. 20111149441; Declared 05.12.2011; Publish. 08.28.2013, Bull. No. 24).

A method of erecting a flexible protective concrete pavement is to deliver a prefabricated concrete pavement to the place of its erection and laying it on a slope.

The method of construction of a flexible concrete coating is as follows.

A pre-flexible concrete coating is made in the factory or at the landfills by vibroforming in metal forms, after having placed flexible ties in the form of ropes or cables in them, while concrete blocks are made in the form of double-sided truncated pyramids with a common base, with acute-angled teeth protrusions made on the bottom base of each concrete block. Then the fabricated coating is transported to the area of its installation and laid on a slope with a jib crane using a frame beam. When laying the canvas is placed on the slope so that the large end side of the protrusion-tooth in the lower part of each concrete block was located approximately perpendicular to the surface of the coastal slope. A flexible concrete pavement laid on a slope under the influence of its own weight is self-immersed in the ground and firmly adheres to the slope soil, regardless of its steepness.

The known method of erection of a flexible protective concrete coating provides a reliable coating and increases the stability of the coating. In addition, the invention improves the strength of its mechanical adhesion to the ground without additional mounting devices.

The disadvantage of a universal flexible protective concrete coating is the low degree of manufacturability. A low degree of manufacturability is caused by the problem of transporting the shore protection coating to remote and inaccessible places and installing the protective coating in cramped conditions due to the need to use traverses, cranes with increased lifting capacity (due to the increased reach of the boom for installation).

The closest device to implement this method is a flexible concrete coating to protect the coastal slope or slope (RF patent No. 2491385, E02B 3/12, E02D 17/20 (2006.01). Flexible concrete coating to protect the coastal slope or slope / E.X. Kushu, Yu.V. Artyukhin; LLC ″ Scientific and Design Center ″ Beregozashchita ″ (RF). - No. 20111149441; Declared 05.12.2011; Publish. 08.28.2013, Bull. No. 24).

A flexible concrete coating to protect the coastal slope or slope contains concrete blocks interconnected and in order by means of flexible connections. Each concrete block has the shape of a bilateral truncated pyramid with an upper and lower part with a common base. The lower part of each concrete block is made in the form of an oblique pyramid with two end faces made of different heights, forming an acute-angled protrusion-tooth.

Concrete blocks are made identical in the chosen shape to the surface of their lower base-sole and uniformly oriented in a flexible concrete coating, forming a serrated lower base of the coating.

The lower base-sole of each concrete block can be made in the form of an inclined flat surface, a broken surface in the form of two or more intersecting planes, as well as a curved-concave surface, which can be not only constant, but also variable curvature.

The implementation of the form of the lower base-sole of each concrete block depends on the characteristics of the soil: the denser the soil, the sharper the tooth should be.

Flexible concrete coating works as follows.

Made flexible concrete coating (concrete mat) is laid on the slope, positioning it so that the large end side is located approximately perpendicular to the surface of the slope. The acute-angled protrusions-teeth made on the lower base-sole of each concrete block are self-immersed in the ground. The immersion depth is 1 / 3-2 / 3 of the height of the larger end side of the concrete block under the influence of its own mass and firmly adheres to the slope soil, regardless of its steepness.

As a result of self-immersion in the soil of a flexible concrete coating, the strength of its mechanical adhesion to the soil increases, thereby ensuring the stability of the flexible concrete coating on the soil slope.

Ensuring the stability of the coating on the slope prevents the slope from erosion and thereby increases its operational reliability and strength.

The disadvantage of a universal flexible protective concrete coating is the low degree of manufacturability. The low degree of manufacturability is due to the difficulty of transporting the shore protection coating to remote and inaccessible places and installing it in cramped conditions, requiring the use of traverses, cranes of increased carrying capacity (due to the increased reach of the boom for installation).

In addition, it may be difficult to immerse the pointed ends of the blocks in slopes and slopes in the presence of turf or soil of higher density than was calculated for such a flexible concrete coating, as well as the clinging of foreign objects, debris to the protruding parts of the blocks, which leads to a shift in the position of the flexible concrete coating and, accordingly, to reduce its stability.

The problem solved by the invention is to develop a method of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating and a device for its implementation, allowing to simplify the process of transportation and installation of a flexible protective concrete coating on the slope, due to a combination of new significant features in the device of a flexible protective concrete coating.

1. To solve the problem in a method of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating, which consists in delivering a prefabricated concrete pavement to the place of its erection and laying it on a slope, the prefabricated concrete pavement is rolled up before transportation.

Signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype is the folding of the pre-made protective concrete coating into a roll before transportation and installation.

Thanks to the distinguishing features, the technological process of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating on the slope is simplified.

In addition, folding a flexible protective concrete coating into a compact roll allows us to solve the problem of transporting and installing the coating in remote and inaccessible places and installing the coating in cramped conditions and to increase the efficiency of using the technological “window” - on the railway.

2. To solve the problem in a flexible protective concrete coating containing concrete blocks interconnected in order by means of a flexible connection monolithic in concrete blocks, the concrete blocks are stepwise arranged in the longitudinal and transverse directions and are made in the upper part in the form of a hemisphere, and in the lower part parts of a cylindrical shape with metal pins, monolithic from its lower end along a circumference at an angle of 65-90 ° in two vertical planes - longitudinal and transverse with respect to the length of the structure, and external to the center, and a biaxial geosynthetic lattice was used as a flexible connection.

Signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype are the implementation of the lower part of the concrete block of a cylindrical shape, and the upper one in the form of a hemisphere, the stepwise arrangement of concrete blocks in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the supply of the lower part of the blocks with metal pins, monolithic from its lower end at an angle of 65-90 °, use as a flexible connection of a biaxial geosynthetic lattice.

Thanks to the distinguishing features, the technological process of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating on the slope is simplified and the problem of transportation to remote and inaccessible places is solved.

This is due to the fact that the location of concrete blocks at a distance from each other, the execution of their upper part in the form of a hemisphere, the monolithic metal pins from the end of the lower part of concrete blocks at an angle, and the use of a biaxial geosynthetic lattice as a flexible connection allow folding the coatings into a compact roll which facilitates the transportation of the coating to the place of laying and laying it on a slope and promotes the use of a less powerful jib crane for loading.

The interval of the angle of the metal pins within 65-90 ° is due to the fact that when the angle of inclination is more than 90 °, it is impossible to roll a flexible protective concrete coating into a roll due to the fact that the metal pins abut against the upper part of the concrete blocks. At an angle of less than 65 °, the deepening of the metal pins to their entire depth is not ensured, since the angle of entry of the metal pins into the ground will be too small, thus, the necessary mechanical adhesion to the ground is not provided.

In addition, in comparison with the prototype, the uniform penetration of metal pins to the required depth is greatly facilitated, regardless of the density of the slope soils, which increases the mechanical adhesion of concrete blocks to the ground and thereby increases the stability of the coating on the slope. A stable coating reliably protects the slope of the subgrade from erosion by water. The execution of the upper part of the concrete blocks in the form of a hemisphere also improves the stability of the canvas. This is due to the fact that the streamlined shape absorbs impacts of water flows and foreign objects in the water during floods, impacts of which reduce the stability of the coating. The use of a geosynthetic grating as a flexible connection can significantly reduce the erosion of the soil under the coating, especially after 1-2 seasons, during which the mesh cells become clogged with silt and debris.

Search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed solution showed that no solutions having features matching its distinctive features were found in publicly available information sources. The prior art also does not confirm the popularity of the influence of the distinctive features of the claimed invention on the technical result indicated by the applicant, therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step".

The implementation of the method of erection of a flexible protective concrete coating using the inventive device is illustrated by the schemes shown in FIG. 1-4

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a slope of a subgrade with a flexible protective concrete coating; in FIG. 2 shows a concrete block of a flexible protective concrete coating; in FIG. 3 shows a flexible protective concrete coating - top view; in FIG. 4 shows a coiled flexible protective concrete coating.

A flexible protective concrete coating contains concrete blocks 1, each of which is made of two parts, the lower part 2 is cylindrical in shape, and the upper part 3 is in the form of a hemisphere, metal pins 4, monolithic from the lower end of the lower part 2 of concrete block 1, are biaxial geosynthetic grate 5, monolithic in concrete blocks 1.

The lower part 2 of the concrete block 1 is made with a height of 50 mm, a radius of 175 mm, and the upper part 3 of the concrete block 1 is made with a radius of 175 mm. The metal pins 4 are made 300 mm long opposite each other at an angle equal to 70 ° to the plane of the lower end of the lower part 2 of the concrete block 1. The length, diameter and angle of inclination of the metal pins can vary depending on the conditions: the size of the concrete blocks, the steepness of the slope, type soil. The pitch between the concrete blocks 1 in both directions is selected from an interval of 50-200 mm. The step between the blocks of 50-200 mm is justified by the fact that at a distance of less than 50 mm the structure will not be folded due to the inability to bend in a vertical plane. With a step of more than 200 mm, the blocks will be tucked by themselves until metal pins push into the lower end of the neighboring block, the protection itself will turn out to be “loose”, the effect of a solid concrete carpet is lost. The mass of two concrete parts without reinforcing bars is 65.3 kg. The coating has dimensions of 3950 mm by 3150 mm and includes 80 blocks (8 blocks in each row, 10 blocks in the direction of roll folding). The tensile strength of the biaxial geogrid 5 is 30 kN in both directions, which ensures the integrity and strength of the structure.

The method of construction of a flexible protective concrete coating using a device for its implementation is as follows.

The manufactured flexible protective concrete coating is rolled up into a compact roll so that the mounting loops are directed upwards.

To prevent spontaneous unfolding of the flexible concrete coating during transportation before transportation, each roll is tied with ropes 7, the ends of which are fixed using a fixing device 8.

After that, the concrete coating rolls are delivered to the installation site by vehicles, for example, universal railway platform wagons, used for transportation of goods of various characteristics, adapted for transportation of pipes of various lengths and diameters, and carry out their installation. Installation of a flexible protective concrete coating is carried out using a jib crane, such as a railway crane, and special sling devices. The roll is captured by mounting loops 6 and the lifting mechanism is lowered to the installation site. The roll is laid in such a way that the metal rods 4 of the first (upper) row of concrete blocks enter the entire length of the soil. Then the locking device 8, connecting the ends of the rope 7, tying the roll, open and it independently unfolds and fits on the surface of the slope. Under the weight of the concrete blocks 1, the metal pins 4 are self-immersed in the ground, providing a strong adhesion of the coating to the ground. Strong mechanical adhesion of the coating to the soil ensures its stability on the soil slope. As a result, the operational reliability and strength of the slope are increased, which provides reliable protection of the slope of the subgrade from erosion by water.

Claims (2)

1. A flexible protective concrete coating containing concrete blocks interconnected in order by means of a flexible connection monolithic in concrete blocks, characterized in that the concrete blocks are stepwise arranged in the longitudinal and transverse directions and are made in the upper part in the form of a hemisphere, and in the lower part - a cylindrical shape with metal pins, monolithic from its lower end along a circumference at an angle of 65-90 ° in two vertical planes - longitudinal and transverse relative to the length of the structure and directed in external side from the center, and a biaxial geosynthetic lattice was used as a flexible connection. 2. The method of erecting a flexible protective concrete coating according to claim 1, which consists in transporting the prefabricated concrete pavement to the place of its erection and laying it on a slope, characterized in that before transportation the prefabricated concrete pavement is rolled up into a compact roll.

Images