RU2602547C2 - Method of heat-resistant cartridge making - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to water treatment and purification methods and can be used in food industry, medicine, pharmacology. Method of heat-resistant cartridge making consists in that from crude refractory, for example, ceramic, porcelain, earthenware mixture or clay containing organic inclusions uniformly distributed throughout volume, layer by layer forming cartridge with cylindrical wavy filtering surface or tubular shape, wherein each layer is formed alternatively. After each molding operation performing drying and annealing with increase of drying time and with low heating temperatures gradient during annealing. In process of annealing organic inclusions are burned making combustion products, which, while exiting outside, determine cartridge water permeability.

EFFECT: increasing filtration quality and throughput.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods of water treatment and water purification and can be used in the food industry, medicine, pharmacology.

There are many ways to purify water (see, for example, RF patents No. 2076846, 2377194, 2434814), all of them have high cost and require the manufacture of expensive cartridges.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the cost of water purification devices, as well as improving the quality and throughput (permeability) of the filter.

This goal is achieved by the fact that as a filter element (cartridge) are used faience, porcelain or clay containing cavities and channels (dies) located along the filtered liquid. To increase throughput and increase productivity, an increase in the contact surface of the liquid with the filter element and the increased pressure exerted by water on the filter element are used.

A method of manufacturing the cartridge of FIG. 1 having peripheral layers (not shown conditionally in FIG. 1) is that it is molded from a cartridge mass — a crude refractory ceramic, porcelain, earthenware, or clay mass containing organic inclusions, such as flour, semolina, sawdust, and etc. uniformly distributed over the volume of the mass. A cartridge is formed from said mass, which is, for example, tubular or wave-like according to FIG. 1 form, and inside the formed cartridge along the filtered liquid, threads made of organic material are passed, the thickness of which depends on the throughput of the manufactured cartridge, which is measured by the amount of filtered liquid per unit area of the manufactured cartridge, and the thickness of the thread depends on the quality of the filter. This means that the filtering quality depends on the thickness of the filaments inversely with the throughput of the cartridge. Thus, the wave-like shape of the cartridge increases the filtering surface, increasing productivity with a constant fluid throughput per unit area of the filtered surface of the cartridge. After molding the single-layer cartridge made in this way, it is dried and then fired according to known technology. In the firing process, organic impurities are burned, forming combustion products, which, going out, form the water permeability of the cartridge. Obviously, the permeability of the cartridges depends on the number of organic inclusions, their size and thickness of the threads. With a significant thickness of the fired product, marriage can be observed, expressed in the form of cracks. To exclude marriage, multilayer (thick-walled) cartridges are made. To exclude marriage, sequential layer-by-layer molding with subsequent drying and firing should be performed in an operational manner, i.e. after each molding operation, sequentially carry out drying and firing with a simultaneous increase in drying time and with a low gradient of heating temperatures during firing. You can take at least a couple of finished single-layer cartridges, glue them with a cartridge mass, and then re-dry and calcine with a low gradient of heating temperatures during calcination. Those. heating of products throughout the volume at equal intervals of time should be carried out with such a minimally constant increase in temperature, which eliminates the marriage of products as a result of firing. Each single-layer adhesive cartridge can be made with different or the same content of organic impurities. At the same time, the cartridge mass to be glued should contain organics in increased proportions to the organics that were in the cartridges to be glued.

To determine the required productivity (permeability, on which productivity depends) and the quality of the filtering of the cartridge, prototypes of cartridges are made of various materials of different thicknesses and with different percentages of organic matter, after which the required sample is determined from the given performance and filtering quality of the resulting products, followed by launching it into mass production. The performance of each cartridge is determined as follows. A sample of one volume of water entering the cartridge is taken in one transparent transparent heat-resistant container, and the output from the cartridge in another, after which the water is evaporated over a low heat and using a microscope, or visually, or using weights, the degree of input sediment to output is determined by the ratio water purification. The quality of filtered water can also be checked, for example, by laboratory analysis.

Over time, depending on the amount of contamination of the filtered water, the cartridge will fail. The cartridge is cleaned by calcination, during which organic mud deposits are burned. After cooling, blow the cartridge with air or rinse with hot drinking water. Flushing with hot water is carried out using the device according to FIG. 3, while washing clean (drinking) water should initially pass through the cartridge from the opposite side of the filter.

In FIG. 2-4 depict devices for filtering water (liquid). They contain a housing 2, a cover 4 with an outlet 6, a cartridge 1, hermetically connected to the housing by means of seals 2, a compression bellows 5, which ends with a piston 13. The water inlet is carried out using a valve 8. FIG. 3 shows two cartridges 1 forming a cavity 16 for laying coffee, tea, dried herbs, etc. One of the cartridges is attached to the cover 4 by a clamping nut 17. The water inlet of FIG. 3 is carried out through an opening 15 with a valve 19. On the housing of FIG. 2 there are ears 7, in the openings of which a clamp 10 is inserted with thrust washers 9, which play the role of clamp restrictors. The right-hand screw 14 is inserted into the piston 13 with the exception of the rotation piston and is fixed by the locking plate 12. The nut 11, which plays the role of the flywheel of the screw 14, deforms the bellows in the axial direction during rotation. In FIG. 4, the tubular-shaped cartridge 1 is sealed with a blind nut 18 having peripheral holes 20 located on the outside of the tubular cartridge and which are output.

The universal filtering device of FIG. 2 works as follows. We open the valve 8 and with the help of the flywheel we deform the bellows in the direction of increasing its volume. After filling the device with water, the valve 8 is closed, the clamp is removed. As a result of the pressure difference exerted on the cartridge, water is filtered, which through the hole 6 enters the consumer.

The device in this case works by converting the mechanical energy applied by man, and therefore can be used everywhere when there is a need for purified food water.

The hot filter device of FIG. 3 works as follows. We connect the device to the water supply network. In the cavity 16 lay, for example, coffee powder. We open the water supply valve (not shown conventionally in Fig. 3). We heat the device. From the outlet 6, the hot drink enters the consumer.

The device can be used in the pharmaceutical industry.

The operation of the continuous filtering device of FIG. 4 is that when the device is connected to the water supply network and the valve 8 is opened, continuous filtering occurs. When the valve closes, filtering stops.

Filtering devices can also be used to filter various liquids, for example waste oils from internal combustion engines, transformer oils for the purpose of their reuse.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing a heat-resistant cartridge, which consists in the fact that from a crude refractory, for example, ceramic, porcelain, earthenware mass or clay containing organic inclusions uniformly distributed throughout the volume, the cartridge is layered cylindrically with a wave-shaped filter surface or a tubular shape, while alternately forming each layer, after each molding operation, is dried and fired with an increase in drying time and with a low gradient of heating temperatures during firing, and in the process of yoke organic inclusion combusted to form combustion products which, going outside, determine the water permeability of the cartridge.

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