RU2602199C1 - Method for reducing thermal stress chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to veterinary medicine, particularly to means of reducing of thermal stress of chickens in conditions of industrial poultry farming. Method is characterised by the introduction of antioxidant of 3-ocsypiridynon structure, namely complex 3-(2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium)propionate-2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate in therapeutic doses.

EFFECT: invention usage allows to enhance the safety livability of poultry livestock under conditions of thermal stress.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 4 ex

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and productive livestock, and in particular to means for stopping the heat stress of chickens in an industrial poultry industry.

State of the art

In industrial poultry, there is a problem of the sensitivity of productive broilers to the effects of elevated temperatures that cause heat stress in chickens. The urgency of the problem increases due to an increase in the density of poultry planting with efficient production, a decrease in resistance to overheating in new productive crosses, as well as with known climate changes, characterized by an increase in both average temperatures and peak temperatures in the summer. This leads to a decrease in productivity, death due to pathological changes in the body of birds; contributes to the occurrence of epizootics.

At high temperatures, the bird is prone to excessive water consumption, resulting in sagging goiter filled with liquid. This provokes the development of pathogenic microflora in goiter, intestines and lungs, and also leads to weight loss and death of the bird. In addition, under conditions of heat stress in the pectoral muscle, PSE syndrome (Pale, Soft, Exudate - pale, soft, watery) develops, also called “soft muscle tissue” syndrome. The meat of the pectoral muscle becomes pale, friable, with autopsy there is a watery exudate - this is due to protein denaturation caused by high temperature. The use of such meat in processing leads to a decrease in consumer qualities, nutritional value and price of the resulting product. This creates significant economic damage, especially since the consumption of poultry meat decreases in the summer.

Heat stress is a complex phenomenon, therefore, various ways to solve the problem have been proposed to combat its effects. To prevent thermal stress, broilers offer nozzle irrigation of places of keeping poultry [Methods of combating thermal stress // http://www.webpticeprom.ru/ru/articles-management.html?pageID=1340085131], but it has several disadvantages, the main of which - a sharp increase in air humidity, which affects the heat transfer of chickens. High humidity at elevated temperatures stimulates the development of pathogens, especially fungi of the genus Aspergillus. It is also possible to reduce the density of poultry landing by 1 m ² , but this technological solution is not always possible to put into practice.

The most preferable and less expensive is the fodder way of solving the problem of hemostatic stress. It is known the use of complex herbal remedies to prevent the effects caused by high temperatures [CN 103432460, publ. 12/11/2013; CN 104096106, publ. 10/15/2014 and others.]. The disadvantage of these inventions is the difficulty of standardizing complex herbal remedies and, moreover, the exotic composition of the compositions, not commercially available in our country.

To reduce the effects of temperature stress, enzyme preparations in combination with organic acids are proposed [RU 2237418, publ. 10.10.2004], complexes of organic acids, vitamins, amino acids, mineral salts, trace elements, antioxidants and excipients [RU 2513557, publ. 04/20/2014; RU 2490931, publ. 08/27/2013; CN 102907578, publ. 2013-02-06; JPH 10309164, publ. 11.24.1998], mineral salts [RU 2547423, publ. 04/10/2015], also mixed with meal [US 2003068359, publ. 04/10/2003], a mixture of meal of various industries with bacteria [CN 104304819, publ. 01/28/2015], zeolites [US 4759932, publ. 07/26/1988], a mixture of acids and salts [CN 102987087, publ. 2013-03-27]. The disadvantage is that these inventions affect only part of the effects of thermal stress, as a rule, to a lesser extent affecting oxidative stress mediated by the heat factor, the development of which is associated with high mortality of birds due to the development of hypoxia, irreversible damage to tissues, especially skeletal muscles, liver and spleen are more sensitive to the action of free radicals [Mujahid A., Pumford NR et al. Mitochondrial oxidative damage in chicken skeletal muscle induced by acute heat stress // The Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, Vol. 44, Is. 4, p. 439-445; Sidiq F., Wardani W.W. Antioxidant action of curcumin to reduce oxidative stress effect on poultry heat stress condition // Trouw Add Science, 2014, Is. 3].

To combat oxidative stress, it is proposed to use natural antioxidants of various plants, such as genistein, hesperidin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, lycopene, resveratrol, etc. [Kamboh A.A., Hang S.Q. et al. Effects of genistein and hesperidin on biomarkers of heat stress in broilers under persistent summer stress // Poult Sci., 2013, Vol. 92 (9), p. 2411-8; Tuzcu M., Sahin N. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate supplementation can improve antioxidant status in stressed quail // Br Poult Sci., 2008, Vol. 49 (5), p. 643-8; Sahin K., Orhan C. et al. Molecular targets of dietary phytochemicals for the alleviation of heat stress in poultry // World’s Poultry Science Journal, 2013, Vol. 69, Is. 01, p. 113-124], or synthetic - vitamin E, C, polyethoxylated ascorbic acid [WO 03011048, publ. 02/13/2003], ubiquinone [US 5977185, publ. November 2, 1999]. However, there are still questions regarding the sufficient bioavailability of these compounds [Polyphenols: Anti-oxidant alternative for vitamin E // http://www.allaboutfeed.net/Nutrition/Feed-Additives/2013/12/Polyphenols-Anti-oxidant-alternative -for-vitamin-E-1352116W /] and not always cost-effective or lack of, for example, polyethoxylated ascorbic acid on the market. In addition, the use of high concentrations of ascorbates can lead to undesirable metabolic disorders, of which the most dangerous is the malfunction of the urinary system due to the formation of crystals of calcium oxalate and a diabetic effect, and as a result, a malfunction of the pancreas due to increased output of zinc ions [Mashkovsky M.D. Medicines - 16th edition, revised, amended and supplemented / M .: New Wave, 2012].

It is also proposed to use the Katozal preparation (Bayer HealthCare AG (Germany)) to overcome the effects of heat stress [NP Meshcheryakov The use of Katozal® in poultry farming: how to overcome heat stress and increase weight gain // Veterinary Medicine, 2009 (2), p. 36-37], but it has a rather large input rate, which is not economically feasible in poultry farming.

In a similar direction, the antioxidant Agrado Plus Ultra is used, which in its composition contains ethoxyquin, a dangerous substance with an ambiguous attitude to it.

There is information in the literature that prior to heat stress, pre-treatment of chickens with reserpine was performed to reduce blood alkalosis [Edens F.W., Siegel N.S. Reserpine modification of the blood pH, pCO2, and pO2 of chickens in high environmental temperature // Poult Sci, 1974. Vol. 53 (1), p. 279-84], but in the conditions of industrial poultry farming the use of antipsychotics is absolutely unacceptable.

It should be noted that in the veterinary market there are many vitamin and mineral supplements for which manufacturers have declared, among other things, high efficiency under heat stress (“Magic Antistress Mix”, “Belavit-FORTE”, “Libecrin, etc.), from of which the “ProviGard” feed additive is best known [Spiridonov D., Zevakova V. et al. Heat stress in poultry // AgroRynok, 2012 (1), p. 14-15; Markin Yu., Spiridonov D. et al. Thermal stress: theory and practice // Fodder, 2011, No. 4, p. 59-60]. However, in the existing industrial production, the bird receives feed balanced for all ingredients, and against this background, additional doses of nutrients either do not have a noticeable effect on homeostasis, or may even be harmful if the norms are significantly exceeded, so their use for stopping heat stress is not acceptable. In addition, the achieved effect is insufficient, because there is no specific effect on the pathogenesis of heat shock, namely, on the key element - the development of hypoxia against the background of the activation of peroxidation of the membrane structures of cells, leading to irreversible damage to cellular structures, tissues, organs.

Closest to the proposed invention, the method consisting in adding to the feed or drinking water a macrocyclic polypeptide antibiotic virginiamycin [Hoyzman A. Use of Stafak (virginiamycin) to combat stress of birds due to their crowding and high ambient temperature // Bio, 2010, 10, from. 8-11], which contains a 3-hydroxypyridine structure as a fragment and therefore has an antioxidant effect. The disadvantage of this method is the low absorption of the compound into the systemic circulation, a strong antimicrobial effect, which violates the intestinal biocinosis in birds, and the need to control the residual antibiotic in poultry products. In addition, the antibiotic is persistent in the environment, which leads to a number of undesirable environmental consequences. Therefore, mainly Virginiamycin has found application for the treatment of necrotic enteritis in chickens, which is its main use [Instructions for use Stafak 500, 110, 44 for the prevention and treatment of chicken necrotic enteritis and pig dysentery].

It should be noted that in the EU countries from July 1, 1999, the use of virginiamycin in industrial poultry farming is prohibited [Ponomarenko Yu.A., Fiskin V.I., Egorov I.A., Ponomarenko B.C. Feed, feed additives, biologically active substances for poultry. - M., 2009] in connection with the problem of antibiotic resistance of people and animals [Dhama K., Tiwari R. Growth promoters and novel feed additives improving poultry production and health, bioactive principles and beneficial applications: the trends and advances-a review // Int . J. Pharmacol., 2014, 10 (3), p. 129-159].

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention was the search for a specific effective and safe method of relieving heat stress during industrial breeding of chickens.

When introducing into the broiler diet a preparation of a 3-hydroxypyridine group, a complex of 3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate-2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate (hereinafter Emidonol) [RU 2485953, publ. 06/27/2013; RU 2527347, publ. 08/27/2014] in order to increase feed conversion in the summer, it was unexpectedly found that the drug relieves heat stress in birds well, and the effect in all respects was higher than in the case of a comparative experiment with the available ProviGard feed additive (see example 3).

Emidonol is a chemical compound that has antihypoxic, antioxidant and adaptogenic effects with low toxicity. Previously, this substance was not used in the direction of combating the effects of thermal stress of birds.

Under heat stress, the average daily weight gain of chickens using emidonol was 7.75% higher as compared to the control, the safety of the livestock was 1.04% higher, and the mortality rate was 4 times less, resulting in an economic effect (2014) of 10 , 39 rub. 1 ruble of costs (see example 2). At the autopsy of the dead bird in the control group, numerous cases of hyperpericorditis, asphyxia, and respiratory diseases were revealed, which was not observed in the experimental one. At the same time, Emidonol is a rapidly metabolizable drug that breaks down into 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine and trimethylhydrazinium propionate fragments, which are excreted from the body both in free form and in the form of glucuronoconjugated metabolites in less than a day, so the use of the drug is not requires exposure before slaughter.

When using virginiamycin to relieve heat stress, quite comparable results were obtained with Emidonol, however, due to the high cost of the drug, its use turned out to be unprofitable (see example 4).

Thus, a highly effective, economical, and safe method for birds to control the heat stress of chickens in industrial poultry farming has been proposed. The method involves the introduction of a 3-hydroxypyridine structure antioxidant (3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium complex) propionate-2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate) into the diet in therapeutic doses.

The implementation of the invention

Example 1. (Receiving)

60 l of water for injection is loaded into an enameled reactor and, with stirring, 40 kg of food sorbitol are heated, the solution is heated by supplying a coolant to a jacket to 25-30 ° C (dissolution of sorbitol is accompanied by a decrease in temperature); the solution is stirred for 30 minutes.

In a 6 liter glass flask equipped with a stirrer, 4 kg of dimethylaminoethanol and 1 kg of monoethanolamine are mixed.

From the reactor with a stirrer, the prepared sorbitol solution is poured into a polymer container, then 60 l of the prepared 40% sorbitol solution are loaded into the reactor from it; with the stirrer switched on, 20 kg of the complex 3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate-2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate (Emidonol) are loaded and mixed until completely dissolved; with the stirrer on, 300 g of potassium sorbate and 100 g of sodium benzoate are charged. Then, without stopping stirring, the prepared mixture of amino alcohols (dimethylaminoethanol and monoethanolamine) is added in small portions to a pH of 4.5 (consumption of 1.2 kg of the mixture). The solution is stirred for 30 minutes, then a solution of sorbitol is added to a volume of 100 l and stirred for 30 minutes; without stopping mixing, the solution is filtered through a paper filter and Packed in 100 ml in glass bottles of dark glass, equipped with a dropper.

The parameters of the solution at the time of packaging:

- the content of Emidonol - 20%;

- color - at the level of the standard Y7;

- transparency - at the level of standard 1;

- taste - sweet and sour, without unpleasant shades;

- the smell is hardly perceptible, neutral.

After one year of storage under normal conditions, the solution parameters are as follows:

- the content of Emidonol - 20%;

- color - at the level of the standard Y6;

- transparency - at the level of standard 1;

- taste - sweet and sour;

- the smell is hardly perceptible, neutral.

Example 2. (Study of the protective effect of the experimental drug)

The study of the protective effect under thermal stress of the preparation prepared according to example 1 was carried out on the basis of the poultry farm of OJSC Mikhailovskaya Poultry Factory. The chickens were divided into two groups (control - 31390, experimental group - 30551). The bird received food and water without restrictions, all veterinary and preventive measures were carried out according to the scheme approved by the enterprise. The experimental group received the drug in example 1. The drug was fed to the birds of the experimental group from 15 to 20 days and 27 to 33 days at a dose of 0.25 ml per 1 liter of water. The control group did not drink the drug.

During the experiment, zootechnical indices were taken into account and the postmortem autopsy was performed on a dead bird. Based on epizootic data, clinical observations, pathoanatomical and bacteriological studies of dead chickens, the diagnosis of heat stress caused by elevated temperature in the poultry growing buildings in the summer was made. The mechanism of action of the drug according to example 1 is a specific effect on energy metabolism by reducing the intensity of lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and the binding of free radicals, which under conditions of oxygen deficiency leads to an increase in the degree of energy of cells.

At the end of the cultivation, the average daily gain of chickens in the experimental group was 55.47 grams, in the control group - 51.48 grams. The safety in the experimental group is higher by 1.04% compared with the control.

Based on the autopsy data, it was shown that the bird of the experimental group receiving the preparation according to example 1 had not only greater safety, but also a lower percentage of deaths from hydropericarditis, asphyxia and respiratory diseases, which in the experimental group was 3.2%, and in the control 12 , 0%.

Conclusion: the use of an experimental preparation for growing chickens helps to increase the safety of the livestock by 1.04%, the difference in live weight by the end of the cultivation was 202 grams. The economic efficiency of the application amounted to 10.39 rubles per ruble of costs. The experimental drug proved to be an effective tool to combat temperature stress with pronounced antioxidant, antihypoxic and membrane protective properties, and had a therapeutic and prophylactic effect during hypoxia in the hot summer.

Example 3. (Study of the protective effect of the drug Provigard)

The study of the protective effect during thermal stress of the Provigard preparation was carried out on the basis of the poultry farm of Mikhailovskaya Poultry Farm OJSC. The chickens were divided into two groups (control - 31390, experimental group - 31224). The indicators of the control group were taken from example 2, because tests of the preparation prepared according to example 1, and the preparation Provigard were carried out at the same time. The bird received food and water without restrictions, all veterinary and preventive measures were carried out according to the scheme approved by the enterprise. The drug was drunk to the birds of the experimental group from 15 to 20 days and 27 to 33 days at a dose of 0.25 ml per 1 liter of water. The control group did not drink the drug.

During the experiment, zootechnical indices were taken into account and the postmortem autopsy was performed on a dead bird. Based on epizootic data, clinical observations, pathoanatomical and bacteriological studies of dead chickens, the diagnosis of heat stress caused by the high temperature in the buildings for growing birds in the summer was made.

At the end of the cultivation, the average daily weight gain of chickens was 52.75 grams in the experimental group and 51.48 grams in the control group. Safety in the experimental group is 0.47%.

Based on the autopsy data, it was shown that the bird of the experimental group treated with Provigard had not only greater safety, but also a lower percentage of deaths from hydropericarditis, asphyxia and respiratory diseases, which in the experimental group was 9.1%, and in the control 12. 0%

Conclusion: The use of the drug Provigard in growing chickens improves the safety of the livestock by 0.47%. The economic efficiency of the application amounted to 5.10 rubles per ruble of costs.

Example 4. (Study of the protective effect of virginiamycin)

The study of the effectiveness of the drug based on virginiamycin against stress caused by high temperatures and crowded contents was carried out on the basis of the poultry farm of Mikhailovskaya Poultry Farm OJSC. The studies were carried out on Cobb cross broilers. The males were divided into two groups (control - 1000, experimental group - 1000). The bird received food and water without restrictions, all veterinary and preventive measures were carried out according to the scheme approved by the enterprise. The drug was administered with feed at a dose of 20 g per ton of feed. The control group did not ask the drug.

Males were kept in cells with a planting density of 15 u / m ² at a temperature of 24.5-32.4 ° C. During the study, zootechnical indicators of poultry, as well as mortality, were taken into account.

At the end of the test, the indicators in the average daily gain of chickens were 54.82 grams in the experimental group and 51.55 grams in the control group. In the control group, 37 males died during the test, in the experimental group - 21 (mortality reduced by 43%).

Conclusion: the drug based on virginiamycin showed an increase in body weight gain under stress caused by crowded content and high temperature, compared with the control, improved feed conversion rates against a background of a decrease in mortality (mortality was lower by 43% compared with the control). However, in view of the high cost of the drug based on virginiamycin, the economic efficiency of its use is doubtful.

Claims (1)

The method of stopping heat stress of chickens in industrial poultry by introducing a 3-hydroxypyridine structure into the diet, characterized in that the complex 3- (2,2,2-trimethylhydrazinium) propionate-2-ethyl-6- is used as an antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine structure methyl-3-hydroxypyridine disuccinate in therapeutic doses.