RU2601907C1 - Method for phytoindication of glacier disasters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ecology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to ecology, namely to identification of signs of natural disasters, and can be used for evaluating hazard of destroying areas by avalanche flows. Area of a mountain valley destroyed by avalanche flows is determined by instrumental assessment of maximum height from the measured heights of propagation of young willow (Salix spp.) forest stands, formed on the destroyed yield sidehill.

EFFECT: invention provides higher efficiency of method for assessing hazardous natural phenomena when monitoring areas for construction, forming agricultural ecosystems, in recreation, as well as expanded range of phytometers of glacier disasters.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of ecology, in particular to identifying signs of natural disasters, and may find application in assessing the risk of damage to territories by an avalanche-like stream.

There is a method in which the method of phytoindication for old-aged diseased trees is used (application No. 99107239, published January 20, 2001, IPC A01G 7/00).

However, in the known method there are not enough indicators to determine the damage to the mountain valley by an avalanche-like flow only in old-aged diseased trees, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

There is a method in which changes in landscapes are identified in areas affected by mudflows, the nature and speed of successions in mudflows are determined and used as one of the indicators of mudflow activity (Petrushina MN, Suslova EG Indication of mudflow activity in landscapes North Caucasus // Modern problems of geology, geophysics and geoecology of the North Caucasus. - Grozny: AN CR, 2012. - S. 634-640. - Source No. 1, attached).

The disadvantage of this method is that although it allows you to identify the age of mudflow deposits, the scope of this method is the option of the absence of deposits on the sides of the valley, as well as the assessment of the scale of damage to the mountain valley with an avalanche-like flow, which reduces the effectiveness of the method.

The closest technical solution is the method where the determination of the upper limit of the defeat of the mountain valley by an avalanche-like flow is carried out by measuring the height difference between the bottom of the valley and the lower boundary of the phyto-indicator - root birch trees (patent No. 2518447, published June 10, 2014, IPC A01G 7/00, A01G 23/00, G01N 33/24).

The disadvantage of the prototype method is that it considers only the defeat of the mountain valley with indigenous birch trees on the slope, which does not fully characterize the entire spectrum of possible changes in vegetation after the defeat of the mountain valley in an avalanche-like flow. The characteristics indicated in the prototype method do not give a complete picture of the development options for post-catastrophic natural processes, which reduces the effectiveness of the technical solution.

The technical result of the claimed object is to increase the efficiency of the method, expanding the spectrum of phytoindicators to identify signs of dangerous natural phenomena.

The technical solution consists in the fact that, in contrast to the prototype method, the determination of the zone of damage to the mountain valley by an avalanche-like flow is carried out by instrumental assessment of the maximum of the measured distribution heights of young willow stands (Salix spp.) Formed on the affected meadow slopes.

The method is as follows.

The phyto-indicator of the zone of damage to the meadow slopes of the mountain valley with an avalanche-like stream is wide, long newly formed willows (from Salix spp.), Which form after the passage of an avalanche-like stream. Willows are especially distinct on the terrain in autumn, when the willow leaves acquire a reddish hue, which allows you to remotely determine the affiliation of the thicket to this tree species.

Determining the height of the defeat of the meadow slope of a mountain valley is carried out by measuring the difference in absolute heights between the maximum of the obtained values of the upper boundary of young willow stands forming on the affected meadow slope and the bottom of the valley. Given the life expectancy of willow species, the possibility of conducting observations with the aim of phytoindicating the height of the lesion will remain for several decades.

Example. On the left side of the valley. Genaldon under with. Tmenikau (Central Caucasus, Gizeldon river basin) (Appendix, Fig. 1), in the zone of impact by an avalanche-like flow (consequences of a glacial catastrophe - the descent of the Kloka glacier on September 20, 2002), the height above sea level of the upper boundary of newly formed willows was measured using an altimeter . The following pairs of measurement points of absolute elevations on the transverse profiles of the valley were obtained (the first of the numbers is the upper border of the willows corresponding to the upper boundary of the slope damage, the second is the bottom of the valley):

Profile 1: point 1a - mark 1530 m above sea level; point 1b - mark 1418 m above sea level. The height of the defeat of the slope of the mountain valley in an avalanche-like stream above the bottom of the valley is: 1530 m - 1418 m = 112 m.

Profile 2: point 2a - mark 1630 m above sea level; point 2b - mark 1490 above sea level. The height of the defeat of the slope of the mountain valley in an avalanche-like flow above the bottom of the valley is: 1630 m - 1490 m = 140 m.

Profile 3: point 3a - mark 1710 m above sea level; point 3b - mark 1579 above sea level. The height of the defeat of the slope of the mountain valley in an avalanche-like flow above the bottom of the valley is: 1710 m - 1579 m = 131 m.

It follows that the maximum of the measured heights of the slope of the mountain valley with an avalanche-like flow is 140 m. It is taken as the maximum possible height of the zone of damage of the slope for the entire mountain valley. In order to prevent human and material losses in this zone, the construction of capital facilities is prohibited, and economic and other activities are limited.

The proposed phytoindication method allows to increase the efficiency of the method for assessing natural hazards when monitoring sites for construction, the formation of agroecosystems, in recreation, and also to expand the range of phytoindicators of glacial disasters.

Claims (1)

A method of phytoindicating the danger of damage by an avalanche-like flow of mountain valleys, including phytoindication of woody vegetation, characterized in that the height of the zone of damage to the slope of the mountain valley by an avalanche-like flow is determined by instrumental estimation of the maximum of the measured distribution heights of young willow stands (Salix spp.) Formed on the affected meadow slope .

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