RU2601168C1 - Pulse three-stage microwave power amplifier - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electronics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to microwave electronic equipment and can be used as a multistage high power transmitters. Pulse three-stage microwave power amplifier, having first, second and output power amplifier stages, electric power supply device for first, second and output stages, characterised by that first stage of power amplifier is structurally in form of a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier, and second and output stages of power amplifier are structurally in form of pulse two-stage single-block microwave power amplifier pulse on amplitrons. Fundamental distinction from prototype is that first stage of power amplifier is structurally in form of a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier, and second and output stages of power amplifier are structurally in form of pulse two-stage single-block microwave power amplifier pulse on amplitrons.

EFFECT: technical result is higher efficiency, output power, reliability and stability in operation, as well as low power consumption.

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Description

The invention relates to electronic microwave technology and can be used mainly as multi-stage transmitters with increased power for radar detection and target designation, as well as in radio resistance systems, in high-frequency systems of resonant charged particle accelerators, in microwave heating installations.

In science and technology, an analogue of a microwave power amplifier on amplitrons is known, which is mainly used in amplification chains of multistage radar detection transmitters using a ferrite gate for decoupling amplitrons. Moreover, in the output stages, as a rule, the sequential operation of two amplitrons is used [EM Vereshchagin Modulation in microwave generators. - M .: Soviet radio. 1972. 304 p. S. 237-239, 261, 262].

The disadvantage of amplitrons is the low gain of microwave signals in power - about 10 ... 15 dB with a working frequency band of up to 10% [Vereshchagin EM Modulation in microwave generators. - M .: Soviet radio. 1972. 304 p. S. 254]. In order to provide the necessary amplification of microwave signals in terms of power, a series connection of two amplitrons is used. This explains the need for a two-stage construction on the amplitrons of the output part of a multi-stage transmitter of increased power for radar detection and target designation.

The disadvantages and features of the functioning of amplitrons are as follows. Amplitron in the absence of a modulating pulse (anode supply) passes to the output the microwave signals received at its input. In order to exclude the direct passage of microwave signals through the amplitron to the antenna-waveguide path or to the input of the next amplification stage on the amplitron, pulse modulation is also carried out in the previous amplification stage on the amplitron.

Amplitron with anode power turned on, but in the absence of microwave signals at the input, generates noise oscillations. The noise generation of the amplitron is suppressed by the preliminary supply of microwave signals to the input of the amplitron, which anticipates the arrival of a modulating pulse at the amplitron. For this purpose, a special control circuit is used that starts the amplitron modulator after applying microwave signals to the amplitron input.

The amplification of microwave pulsed signals by amplitrons is accompanied by a time delay and distortion. These phenomena are limited to the use of ferrite gates that allow only direct microwave signals with 0.5 dB attenuation (attenuation for feedback signals of the order of 20 dB) and a decrease in the signal spectrum width in the previous amplification stages. The narrowing of the spectrum of microwave signals is achieved by increasing the duration of the modulating pulses in the preliminary amplification stages. Thus, the anode power of each amplitron is provided by its own pulse modulator [Vereshchagin EM Modulation in microwave generators. - M .: Soviet radio. 1972. 304 p. S. 261-263].

The disadvantages of the operation of two amplitrons connected in series include the need to adjust the amplitrons when replacing them, the large weights and dimensions of the amplitrons, the need for a complex cooling system, the high cost of devices, the deterioration of the energy parameters of amplitrons with increasing operating frequency. Amplitrons relate to microwave vacuum devices of the magnetron type, specifically to devices with an emitting negative electrode and a closed electron beam operating on the backward wave. Amplitrons are characterized by efficiency in the decimeter frequency range up to 90%, at 3 GHz - up to 80%, at 10 GHz - up to 53%, at 17 GHz - up to 30% [Kukarin S.V. Electronic microwave devices. - M .: Radio and communication. 1981. 272 p. S. 28, 59]. With an increase in the operating frequency, the energy parameters of amplitrons and, above all, efficiency, deteriorate. Therefore, an increase in efficiency is relevant, which in turn contributes to:

- facilitation of thermal conditions;

- increase the reliability of the amplitron;

- simplification and (or) reduction in cost of the cooling system;

- reduction of weight and size characteristics.

The following analogue is known: a pulsed two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons (patent for utility model RU 135203 U1, published November 27, 2013), whose advantages are the monoblock design of a two-stage microwave power amplifier on amplitrons with a common magnetic system, increased values of efficiency and output power, reduced weight and size characteristics.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the need for a preliminary cascade of amplification of microwave power, since the normal operation of the amplitron is possible only with a certain value of the excitation power. With insufficient excitation, the appearance of undesirable modes of oscillation occurs, as well as a decrease in the output power of the amplitron.

The analogue is known of a three-stage power amplifier based on a traveling wave lamp (TWT) and two amplitrons (Panin V., Kovalev V. Shipborne multi-functional radar for detection and target designation. // Military parade. No. 2 (44). 2001. P. 36), providing increased multi-stage transmitter power and, accordingly, a large range of detection of air targets.

The disadvantages of the analogue include significant weight and size characteristics, the uneven frequency response of the traveling wave lamp and the dependence of the TWT phase shift, including the frequency, which leads to distortion of signals with a wide spectrum, reduction of energy parameters, such as efficiency, output power with increasing operating frequency, high supply voltages and currents, high power consumption, the need for a powerful cooling system.

The analogue is known of a three-stage power amplifier, consisting of the first, second and output stages of a power amplifier, power supply devices of the first, second and output stages, which is a multi-stage transmitter of the Frigate - MAE-2 radar or a multi-stage transmitter of one of the frequency letters of the Frigate - MAE-5 radar, Frigate - M2EM (Marine Radio Electronics: Reference. / Soloviev P.V., Korolkov G.N., Baranenko A.A. et al. Edited by V.A. Kravchenko. - St. Petersburg: Polytechnic. 2003. P.40 )

The analogue is characterized by the same disadvantages as the previous analogue. This analogue is selected as a prototype.

The technical task of the claimed invention is the development of a new pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier, the design and functional features of which make it possible to realize a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier in the first stage, and in the output stages a monoblock design of a two-stage microwave power amplifier on amplitrons, to increase the efficiency, output power , reliability and stability in work, reduce weight and size characteristics and reduce energy consumption.

The implementation of the specified technical problem by the claimed invention provides the following technical result, which is the sum of the obtained technical effects:

- the first stage of the claimed device is made on a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier and ensures the normal operation of the amplitron of the second stage by creating a certain value of the excitation power at the input of the amplitron of the second stage of the claimed device;

- a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier is characterized by increased reliability and stability in operation, characterized by lower weight and size characteristics and reduced power consumption;

- the use of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons as the second and output stages of the claimed device allows you to implement a monoblock design of a two-stage microwave power amplifier on amplitrons in a pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier;

- a functional connection between the first stage of a three-stage power amplifier and the amplitron of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons, used as the second stage of a three-stage power amplifier, is carried out by means of a coaxial-waveguide transition and a ferrite gate and ensures the sequential operation of the first and second stages of the power amplifier;

- the monoblock design of a two-stage microwave power amplifier on amplitrons with a common magnetic system eliminates the need for alignment of the amplitrons when replacing them and ensures maximum efficiency and increased output power of the amplitrons of the second and output stages of the power amplifier and, in general, a three-stage power amplifier;

- the output of the amplitron of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons, used as the output stage of a three-stage power amplifier, is the output of a three-stage power amplifier.

To achieve the indicated technical result, a “Three-stage microwave power amplifier” is proposed, comprising first, second, and output stages of a power amplifier, power supply devices of the first, second, and output stages, characterized in that the first stage of the power amplifier is structurally designed as a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier, and the second and output stages of the power amplifier are structurally made in the form of a pulsed two-stage monoblock power amplifier Microwave on amplitron.

The fundamental difference between the proposed device and the prototype is that the first stage of the power amplifier is structurally made in the form of a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier, and the second and output stages of the power amplifier are structurally made in the form of a pulsed two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons.

Such a mutual arrangement of structural elements and their interconnection are necessary to implement a qualitatively new design of a three-stage power amplifier, increase its efficiency, output power, reliability and stability in operation, reduce overall dimensions and reduce power consumption.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

The drawing shows a pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier, functional diagram:

1 - the first stage of the power amplifier;

2 - coaxial waveguide transition;

3 - ferrite valve;

4 - pulsed two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons;

4.1 - the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron;

4.2 - ferrite valve;

4.3 - output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron;

5 - power supply device of the first cascade (UEP-1);

6 - power supply device of the second stage (UEP-2);

7 - power supply device of the output stage (UEP-3);

8 is a control circuit (SU).

The first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) on a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier is functionally connected to a pulsed two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons 4 (Fig. 1) through a coaxial-waveguide transition 2 (Fig. 1) and a ferrite gate 3 (Fig. 1).

The power supply of the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) is provided from the power supply device of the first stage 5 (UEP-1) (Fig. 1).

The second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) is an amplitron of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on the amplitrons 4 (Fig. 1). The functional connection between the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) and the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) is carried out by means of a coaxial-waveguide transition 2 (Fig. 1) and a ferrite gate 3 (Fig. 1) and provides a sequential operation of the first and second stages of the power amplifier.

The power supply of the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) is provided from the power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1).

The output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) is an amplitron of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons 4 (Fig. 1). The functional connection between the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) and the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) is carried out by means of the ferrite gate 4.2 (Fig. 1) and ensures the sequential operation of the second 4.1 (Fig. 1) and output 4.3 (Fig. 1) stages of the power amplifier. The output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) is the output of a three-stage power amplifier.

The power supply of the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) is provided from the power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1).

The control circuit (SU) 8 (Fig. 1) is intended to control the operation of the power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1) and the power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1).

A small part of the microwave signal passing through the ferrite gate 3 (Fig. 1) from the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) to the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) is branched onto the control circuit (SU) 8 (Fig. 1). 1), as well as a small part of the microwave signal passing through the ferrite gate 4.2 (Fig. 1) from the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) to the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1).

The control circuit 8 (Fig. 1) starts the power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1) after applying to the input of the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) microwave signals.

The control circuit 8 (Fig. 1) starts the power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1) after the input of the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) microwave signals.

The device operates as follows.

A three-stage pulsed microwave power amplifier is designed to amplify microwave signals and can be used as a multi-stage transmitter of increased power to a radar detection and target designation.

Simultaneously with applying a microwave signal to the input of the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1), to the power supply devices of the first 5 (UEP-1) (Fig. 1), second 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1) and output 7 ( УЭП-3) (Fig. 1) of cascades of pulses of transmitter start-up. In this case, only the power supply device of the first 5 (UEP-1) stage is triggered (Fig. 1), the supply voltage of which is supplied to the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1).

The amplified microwave signals from the output of the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) are fed through a coaxial-waveguide transition 2 (Fig. 1) and a ferrite gate 3 (Fig. 1) to the input of the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) , anticipating the receipt of a modulating pulse from the power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) on the second stage of the power amplifier on the ampletron 4.1 (Fig. 1) (Fig. 1). In this case, a small part of the microwave signal passing through the ferrite gate 3 (Fig. 1) from the first stage of the power amplifier 1 (Fig. 1) to the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 ( Fig. 1).

The control circuit 8 (Fig. 1) starts the power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1) after applying to the input of the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1) a microwave signal from a ferrite valve 3 (Fig. 1) ) The power supply device of the second stage 6 (UEP-2) (Fig. 1) generates a modulating pulse, which is fed to the second stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.1 (Fig. 1).

The amplified microwave signals from the output of the second stage of the power amplifier 4.1 (Fig. 1) are fed through a ferrite gate 4.2 (Fig. 1) to the input of the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1), anticipating the arrival of the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) a modulating pulse from the power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1). At the same time, a small part of the microwave signal passing through the ferrite gate 4.2 (Fig. 1) from the second stage of the power amplifier 4.1 (Fig. 1) to the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 ( Fig. 1).

The control circuit 8 (Fig. 1) starts the power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1) after applying the microwave signal from the ferrite gate 4.2 (Fig. 1) to the input stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1) ) The power supply device of the output stage 7 (UEP-3) (Fig. 1) generates a modulating pulse, which is fed to the output stage of the power amplifier on the amplitron 4.3 (Fig. 1).

The amplified microwave signals from the output stage of the power amplifier 4.3 (Fig. 1) are supplied to the antenna-waveguide path.

The output stage of the power amplifier 4.3 (Fig. 1) is the output of a pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier, the amplified microwave signals of which are supplied to the radar antenna-waveguide path.

The claimed invention "Three-stage pulsed microwave power amplifier" is a new device not used in science and technology prior to the priority date of the claimed invention, for amplifying microwave signals. The claimed invention is a device for amplifying microwave signals with increased efficiency, output power, reliability and stability in operation, reduced overall dimensions and reduced power consumption.

The claimed device has the following advantages:

- the use of a broadband solid-state (transistor) microwave power amplifier as a first stage of the claimed device ensures the normal operation of the amplitron of the second stage by creating a certain value of the excitation power at the input of the amplitron of the second stage of the claimed device, and also helps to increase reliability and stability in operation, reducing overall dimensions and reducing the power consumption of a three-stage microwave power amplifier;

- the use of a monoblock design of a two-stage microwave power amplifier on amplitrons with a common magnetic system as the second and output stages of the claimed device eliminates the need for alignment of the amplitrons when replacing them and provides maximum efficiency and increased output power of a three-stage power amplifier;

- a functional connection between the first stage of a three-stage power amplifier and the amplitron of a two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons, used as the second stage of a three-stage power amplifier, is carried out by means of a coaxial-waveguide transition and a ferrite gate and ensures the sequential operation of the first and second stages of the power amplifier;

- a pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier has improved energy and quality characteristics and can be used as a multi-stage transmitter of increased power to a radar detection and target designation.

The claimed device is industrially applicable, since its implementation uses widely known materials and technologies for the production of amplitrons, ferrite gates, coaxial-waveguide junctions, waveguide sections of a conventional design, microwave power amplifier power supply devices, element base and manufacturing technologies for wideband solid-state (transistor) power amplifiers Microwave

Claims (1)

A pulsed three-stage microwave power amplifier containing the first, second and output stages of a power amplifier, a power supply device of the first, second and output stages, characterized in that the first stage of the power amplifier is structurally made as a broadband solid-state transistor microwave power amplifier, and the second and output stages of the amplifier power are structurally made in the form of a pulsed two-stage monoblock microwave power amplifier on amplitrons.

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