RU2599115C1 - Heading set for auxiliary workings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, specifically to a heading set designed for auxiliary mine workings. Heading set for auxiliary mines includes working element, protective cover, mechanism for movement of working element, erector arm tunnel driver, bearing frame, rotary lever. Working element is made in form of strikers with peaks, pivotally connected to movable platform fixed on one end of rotary lever and is equipped with hydraulic cylinder for controlling angle between longitudinal axes of hammers. Each of hammers is equipped with mechanism for rotation of peaks in form of helical pair with ratchet wheel, consisting of segments with springs with possibility of their reciprocal motion.

EFFECT: such a solution of system provides clear delineation of bottom-hole zone in mine roof, reduces weight of actuating element, which reduces time spent on mounting-dismantling works, increases productivity and efficiency of treatment of bottom-hole zone, as well as safety of works.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention is intended for auxiliary workings with tubing support while providing preliminary fastening of the forehead of the face, roof and side sections of the mine, especially in the bottomhole zone in unstable rocks with complex structured face to simplify the processes of working out the face and fastening. It can be used in mining, in the construction of subways, civil and military construction.

A device for tunneling is known (patent RU No. 2167300, publ. 05.20.2001), in weakly stable soils. The device contains a tunneling shield, a drilling machine for loosening the array and protective screens from the pipes. Rock excavation is carried out under the protection of these screens, pipes with teeth cut at the ends are pressed parallel to the axis of the tunnel from the tunnel shield along the perimeter of the tunnel with simultaneous periodic turns clockwise and counterclockwise or rotation around the axis.

The disadvantage of this device is the low productivity of drilling due to the excessively large volume of drilling operations and the difficult movement of the drilling machine within the tunnel complex.

A device is known for the construction of a tunnel (Pat. RU No. 2209978, publ. 08/10/2003), which includes a shield with a knife section and hydraulic cylinders, a jacking station and an installation for the development and transportation of soil. The shield is equipped with a pressure cylinder fixedly attached with one end to the front end of the knives. Its shell is made in cross section in the form of an arch, the width of the base of which exceeds the outer diameter of the pressure cylinder, and the outer contour of the latter in its cross section is inscribed in the outer contour of the top of the shell. Installation for the development and transportation of soil is placed behind the pressure cylinder in the lower part of the shield.

The disadvantage of this device is the need for a large amount of drilling work, the high complexity of maintenance and the inability to drive tunnels and chambers, especially auxiliary purposes of small length, due to the complexity of the installation and dismantling work, which leads to an increase in the cost and time of workings.

A well-known mechanized complex for driving special workings in the mines of OJSC “Metrostroy” (Mining Journal, No. 5, 2014, pp. 94-99), containing a jacking tunneling machine, mobile roof support with shandors, a lever arm, a technological trolley with hoist for filing tubing.

The disadvantages of this device are the difficulty of processing the bottom face of the roof, the difficulty of installing tubing, the inability to contour the production of the roof.

A known complex for conducting short workings with tubing lining (US Pat. RU No. 2498071, publ. 10.11.2013), containing a working body in the form of a removable faceplate with cutters, a pivot arm with a gripper for tubing, a tubing stacker, a supporting frame, a tubing stacker movement mechanism, retractable stoppers, telescopic booms with retractable visors.

The disadvantages of the device are the large loss of time for installation and dismantling, the difficulty of mining the face at the roof, the inability to outline the development, the difficulty of selecting rock from the bottom hole and the inability to create the required effort to feed the faceplate to the face.

A well-known complex for conducting workings in weakly stable rocks (US Pat. RU No. 2302529, publ. 07/10/2007), adopted for the prototype, containing a working body in the form of a removable faceplate with cutters over its entire surface, a protective shell, a mechanism for moving the working body and a block layer. The protective shell is made in the form of a console, rigidly fixed with the ability to hold the roof, side zones and the face itself on the faceplate. The faceplate is made with windows for preliminary weakening of the face and cleaning of the destroyed rock, is equipped with two hydraulic cylinders holding it with retractable stoppers and is mounted on a swing arm mounted on the support frame of the block layer associated with the movement mechanism. Moreover, at one end of the pivot arm there is a grip for tubing, made with the possibility of replacing it with a hydraulic hammer.

The disadvantage of this device is the jamming of the console after installing the tubing lining, which performs a protective function, a large loss of time for fastening the faceplate to the pivot arm by bolt connection, and the mechanism for moving the tubing stacker does not provide the required feed force of the faceplate.

The technical result of the proposal is to eliminate these drawbacks, namely, increasing the speed of excavation of workings and improving the safety of work.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the working body is made in the form of strikers with peaks pivotally connected to a movable platform mounted on one of the ends of the pivot arm and equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the angle between the longitudinal axes of the strikers, each of the strikers equipped with a rotation mechanism of peaks in the form of a helicoidal pairs with a ratchet wheel consisting of segments with the possibility of their reciprocating motion.

Such a solution of the tunneling complex for auxiliary workings provides the required feed force, an increase in the speed of workings of the workings and an increase in the safety of work.

The driving complex is illustrated by the following figures:

FIG. 1 - general view of the complex;

FIG. 2 - section AA (view from the side of the face);

FIG. 3 - view B of the working body (the axis of the strikers are located at an angle);

FIG. 4 - view of the working body (the axis of the strikers are parallel);

FIG. 5 - section BB shock;

FIG. 6 - section GG (ratchet wheel is closed);

FIG. 7 - section GG (ratchet wheel open), where:

1 - blocker;

2 - supporting frame;

3 - working body;

4 - a hydraulic cylinder;

5 - rotary lever;

6 - capture;

7 - tubing;

8 - drummer;

9 - the peak of the drummer;

10 - hinge;

11 - platform;

12 - platform drive;

13 - guides;

14 - hinge;

15 - axis of the drummer;

16 - hinge;

17 - a hydraulic cylinder;

18 - helicoidal nut;

19 - piston drummer;

20 - a core;

21 - dog;

22 - ratchet wheel;

23 - case;

24 - segment ratchet wheel;

25 - springs;

26 - starting crane;

27 - cavity;

28 - a lining;

29 - roof fastening segment;

30 - hydraulic jack;

31 - an arm;

32 - plate;

33 - air balloon.

The complex for carrying out auxiliary workings contains (Fig. 1) a block layer 1, a supporting frame 2, a working body 3. The movement of the block layer 1 is carried out by hydraulic cylinders 4. The block layer 1 is equipped with a rotary telescopic arm 5 mounted on the supporting frame 2 of the block layer. At one end of the pivot arm 5, a gripper 6 is located for mounting and installing the tubing 7 in the lining ring of the mine. At the opposite end of the pivot arm 5, a working body 3 is installed (Fig. 2), made in the form of impactors 8 (for example, doubled) with peaks 9 (Figs. 3, 4). Each of the strikers with hinges 10 is connected to a movable platform 11 equipped with a drive 12 with the possibility of translational movement relative to the guides 13. The movable platform 11 with the strikers 8 located on it, in turn, is fixed at the end by a hinge 14 (Fig. 1, 2) pivot arm 5. To adjust the angle β (Fig. 3) between the longitudinal axes 15 of the impactors 8, their ends are hinged 16 connected to the hydraulic cylinder 17.

Drummers 8 of the working body 3 are equipped with a rotation mechanism for the peaks 9 in the form of a helicoidal pair, consisting of a helicoidal nut 18 (Fig. 5), fixed in the piston-hammer 19, and a rod 20 with a helical thread with dogs 21 (Fig. 6, 7), and a ratchet wheel 22 located in the body 23 of the hammer 8. The dogs 21 allow the shaft 20 to rotate in only one direction.

The ratchet wheel 22 is made split and consists of individual segments 24 (Fig. 6, 7). Between the segments 24 of the ratchet wheel 22 and the housing 23 are springs 25. A compressed air starting cock 26 is installed in the housing 23 (Fig. 6, 7), and rubber gaskets 28 are placed between the segments 24 of the ratchet wheel 28. Each segment 24 can be moved radially under the pressure of compressed air supplied to the cavity 27 between the segments 24 and the housing 23, or under the action of the elastic forces of the springs 25. (Fig. 6, 7).

The work of the complex is as follows.

When drilling the bottom-hole zone in unstable rocks with a complex-structured bottom, depending on the rock strength, the angle β between the axes 15 of the drummers 8 of the working body 3 is adjusted using the hydraulic cylinder 17 (Fig. 3). When you turn on the hydraulic cylinder 17, the rotation of the hammer 8 begins relative to the centers of the hinges 10, mounted on the receiving plate 11.

So, on fragile rocks of a small fortress (for example, dry clay), breaking occurs in large chips, i.e. work is carried out at the maximum sliding of the drummers, i.e. the angle β between the axes of the strikers can be maximum (Fig. 4), which ensures quick development of the initial cleavage. On the rocks of a large fortress, the angle β between the axes of the drummers 8 is changed using the hydraulic cylinder 17, which leads to the work of the drummers towards each other (Fig. 3). In this case, the shock waves propagated in the face are created by the rock-breaking tools embedded in the array (peaks 9), the face is mined by small rock chips.

The drilling of the bottom-hole zone in real conditions showed that the angle β = 40 ° is the optimal value of the angle β when drilling hard rock, which provides an increase in the speed of excavation of the workings, and therefore productivity.

Under normal conditions, an impact drilling method is used. The segments 24 of the ratchet wheel 22 are apart (Fig. 6, position 1) and are held in this position by undeformed springs 25. The rubber gaskets 28 overlap the gaps between the segments 24, and the dogs 21 are disengaged from the teeth of the ratchet wheel 22, which ensures transmission to the rock cutting tool (peaks 9) shock pulse only. Each of the drummers 8 works as a jackhammer.

However, when drilling a face, a rock-cutting tool can get on solid inclusions, which leads to its jamming. In this case, the starting valve 26 is opened and compressed air is supplied into the space 27 between the segments 24 of the split ratchet wheel 22 and the housing 23. Under the action of the compressed air pressure, the segments 24 are shifted (Fig. 7, position 2), the springs 25 are stretched, the ratchet wheel becomes and is held together in this position by the pressure of compressed air, and the dogs 21 engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheel. Each of the drummers 8 begins to work as a hammer drill, i.e. shock peaks are transmitted to peaks 9 and their rotation is ensured, which contributes to the rapid destruction of solid inclusions.

After the impactors 8 go to normal operation, the start valve 26 is closed, the supply of compressed air to the space 27 between the segments 24 and the housing 23 is stopped. The stretched springs 25 are compressed and the segments 24 of the ratchet wheel 22 are returned to their original position (Fig. 6, position 1), the dogs 21 disengage from the teeth of the ratchet wheel and only the shock pulse is transmitted.

When drilling the face, roof fastening is carried out by metal segments 29 (Fig. 1) made of sheet steel 5-7 mm thick. This design is installed for tubing lining 7 when mounting the first (slotted) rings. To further maintain the roof, as the mine is being developed, hydraulic jacks 30 are provided in the construction of the tunnel complex. Hydraulic jacks 30 are attached on one side to the metal segment 29 and, on the other hand, to the bracket 31, which is installed in the already installed tubing lining.

The development of the face is carried out in four stages: phase I - phase IV (Fig. 1). As mining the central phase I rock, the jack 30 extends, thereby advancing the metal segment 29, which ensures the retention of the face roof. This operation is repeated after practicing the left and right parts of the first phase.

The face is fastened by plates 32 with pneumocylinders 33 made of flexible, for example, rubberized fabric, while to maintain the bottom it is necessary to use three rows of pneumocylinders. To move the pneumatic cylinders 33, the rotary telescopic arm 5 is equipped with a removable gripper 6 on the opposite side of the working body 3, designed to move the lining cylinders from the bottom to the side of the mine with installed tubing.

This solution of the complex provides a clear contouring of the bottom-hole zone near the roof of the mine, reduces the weight of the executive body, which reduces the time spent on installation and dismantling, increases the productivity and efficiency of processing the bottom-hole zone, as well as the safety of work.

Claims (1)

A tunneling complex for auxiliary workings, including a working body, a protective shell, a mechanism for moving the working body, a block layer, a supporting frame, a pivot arm, characterized in that the working body is made in the form of drums with peaks pivotally connected to a mobile platform mounted on one of the ends of the pivot arm, and equipped with a hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the angle between the longitudinal axes of the strikers, each of the strikers is equipped with a mechanism for turning peaks in the form of a helicoidal pair with xp apovoy wheel, consisting of segments with springs with the possibility of their reciprocating motion.

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