RU2598684C1 - Method for determining point of unauthorised connection of load to power transmission line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used for determining point of unauthorised connection of load to power transmission line. Determining point of unauthorised connection of load to power transmission line is performed by means of the heat maps, using temperature sensors located at certain sections of electric transmission line along its whole length, by means of which a data base of heat maps of the electric transmission line are formed, line runs idle for one year, or 365 days. Each heat map takes into account the weather temperature effect at heating temperature of linear wires of extended power transmission line. Value of weather temperature will allow to activate the heat map, arranged in the data base of processor, where the measured actual heat map will be transmitted for comparing. Comparison of heat maps content in the form of temperature enables detecting point of unauthorised connection of load to power transmission line.

EFFECT: technical result is increased efficiency of determining point of unauthorised connection of load to power transmission line.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used to determine the location of unauthorized connection of the load to the electric transmission line (power transmission line).

Traditionally, the place of unauthorized connection of a load of unknown power to an electric transmission line with distributed parameters is determined during a visual inspection of the entire power line. Usually vehicles are used during inspection. The present invention will reduce the cost of finding a connection point to an unauthorized load.

A known method for determining the fact of connecting a load of unknown power to power lines using a measuring bridge [patent RU 2171473]. It involves measuring the resistance of power lines without loads along the entire length when two linear wires are shorted together at the end of power lines, and then after some time measuring the resistance of power lines with a connected load of unknown power. If the load resistance significantly exceeds the resistance of the power lines, it is concluded that the load is connected to the power lines of unknown power in an unspecified place.

The prototype is the method of pulse reflectometry [patent RU 2398244], operating in devices such as REYS-205, Nano-tronix mTDR-070, RI-303T, ISKRA-3M, etc. [one]. It cannot be used to measure the distance to the boundary of uniformity in a high-voltage power transmission line, since the device is not intended for this (the device is designed to work with communication cables and power cables), namely: when the output impedance of the device is not matched with the wave resistance of the measured power line [2 -four]. The method cannot be used when the location of the boundaries of homogeneity is not included in the range of values measured by these devices.

The purpose of the invention is to formulate a method for determining the location of unauthorized connection of a load to a power line based on measured temperature values along the entire length of the power line when the main load is disconnected from it. The electric transmission line with distributed parameters [5] is made of standard linear wires [6]. Temperature sensors located throughout the power line allow you to create a base of heat map of the power line when it is idling for 365 days, or one year. Then, after putting the power line into operation and a certain period of operation of the power line, it is disconnected from the main load in order to determine the location of an unauthorized connected load of unknown power. Then, in real time, the temperature of the idle power transmission line is measured by sensors over its entire length. So get a valid heat map of power lines. Next, the temperature values of the sensors from the base of heat maps and from the existing heat map of the power transmission line are compared. As a result of temperature comparison, the place of unauthorized connection of the load to the power transmission line is determined.

The technical result consists in determining the location of an unauthorized connection to a three-phase three-wire power transmission line of a load whose power is unknown. The proposed method for determining the location of a load of unknown power to an extended power transmission line reduces costs associated with finding an unauthorized load connection. The proposed method will improve the efficiency of determining the location of unauthorized connection of the load to the power lines.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of determining the location of unauthorized connection of the load to the electric transmission line, which consists in the fact that the initial information about the presence of voltages and currents in the line through the interface devices enters the processor, characterized in that the processor contains information about the presence of voltages and currents in the power line comes from temperature sensors that measure temperature through the insulation of linear wires, which are used as cross-linked polyethylene, in a section of pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene is a linear wire, the capsules of temperature sensors are located on equidistant sections of the electric transmission line along its entire length, using the sensors initially form the base, consisting of heat maps of the electric transmission line, idling, heat maps are compiled under different climatic conditions, over one year, or 365 days, these heat maps will allow you to perform a comparison with the measured values of the temperatures of the power line along its entire length with equidistant sections of the power line, the capsules of the temperature sensors are connected through the walls of the cross-linked polyethylene pipe to the linear wires, information about the temperature value from each capsule of the temperature sensor is transmitted using the optical fiber, part of the optical fibers is laid in a solid polyethylene pipe on supports, another part of the optical fibers is laid in another part of the polyethylene pipe and in a lightning protection cable.

The invention is illustrated by drawings: in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a power line operation algorithm; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of an algorithm for operating an electric transmission line with a load of unknown power, the location of which is unknown; in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the laying of optical fibers; in FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of a fiber optic temperature sensor; in FIG. 5 shows one span of a portion of an electric transmission line; in FIG. 6 is a diagram of an algorithm for operating an electric transmission line at idle during the formation of a heat map base; in FIG. 7 is a diagram of the algorithm of the processor forming the base of heatmaps; in FIG. 8 is a diagram of the processor operating algorithm that determines the distance to the place of an unauthorized load connected to the power line.

The drawings show:

1 - transformer (Tr. 1), transmitting electricity to power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines of 10 kV OR ABOVE);

, для источников света и фотоприемников капсул датчиков температуры 12 (КДТ), 15 (КДТ1), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3), 21 (КДТ4) в начале ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ);2 - first place $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

, for light sources and photodetectors of capsules of temperature sensors 12 (KDT), 15 (KDT1), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4) at the beginning of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE);

3 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC);

4 - processor (P);

5 - showing or recording device (RO);

6 - three-phase three-wire power lines [5] with a voltage of 10 kV or higher (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE) located in the zone of unique climatic conditions;

, для источников света и фотоприемников капсул датчиков температуры 23 (КДТ5), 25 (КДТ6), 27 (КДТ7) в конце ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ);7 - second place $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

, for light sources and photodetectors of capsules of temperature sensors 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) at the end of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE);

8 - step-down transformers, voltage 10 kV / 0.4 kV (Tr. 2);

, подключение которой несанкционированно и место подключения неизвестно;9 - the value of the load impedance $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

whose connection is unauthorized and the place of connection is unknown;

;10 - generalized load resistance $$\left(\underset{\_}{Z}\right)$$

;

;11 - generalized electrical load $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N\mathrm{BUT}RR.}\right)$$

;

12 - a capsule of a temperature sensor (KDT) located in the open air in the same climatic conditions with power lines of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines of 10 kV OR ABOVE);

13 - place (M) of the location of the transformer 1 (Tr. 1) and the capsule of the temperature sensor 12 (KDT);

14 - the first section of the power line (U1), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 15 (KDT1), which is installed at the end of the first section and delimits the sections included in the power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE);

15 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT1) of the first section of the power line 14 (U1);

16 - the second section of the power line (U2), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 17 (KDT2), which is installed at the end of the second section and delimits the sections included in the power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE);

17 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT2) of the second section of the power line 16 (U2);

18 - the third section of the power line (U3), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 19 (KDT3), which is installed at the end of the third section and delimits the sections included in the power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE);

19 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT3) of the third section of the power line 18 (U3);

20 - the fourth section of the power line (U4), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 21 (KDT4), which is installed at the end of the fourth section and delimits the sections included in the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE);

21 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT4) of the fourth section of the power line 20 (U4);

22 - the fifth section of the power line (U5), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 23 (KDT5), which is installed at the end of the fifth section and delimits the sections included in the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE);

23 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT5) of the fifth section of the power line 22 (U5);

24 - the sixth section of the power line (U6), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 is measured using the capsule of the temperature sensor 25 (KDT6), which is installed at the end of the sixth section and delimits the sections included in the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE);

25 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT6) of the sixth section of the power line 24 (U6);

26 - the seventh section of the power line (U7), which measures the temperature of the linear wire 35 using the capsule of the temperature sensor 27 (KDT7), which is installed at the end of the seventh section;

27 - capsule of the temperature sensor (KDT7) of the seventh section of the power line 26 (U7);

28 - solid polyethylene pipe [7] for the sewerage of optical fibers 75;

29 - lightning protection cable [patent RU 2441293], used for the canalization of optical fibers 75;

30 - a garland of insulators;

31 - ground electrode;

32 - support three-phase three-wire high-voltage power lines;

33 - line wires;

34 - land;

35 - line wire;

36 - base heat maps (B);

37 - the value of the temperature (T) of the ambient air, measured by the capsule 12 (KDT) of the temperature sensor;

38 - the first value of the weather temperature (T1B) in the base of heat maps 36 (B);

39 - N-th value of the temperature of the weather (TNB) in the base of heat maps 36 (B);

40 - state coefficient (res1), which takes the value of unity, if the temperature 37 (T) is equal to the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B), and if the temperature 37 (T) is not equal to the first temperature 38 (T1B), it is zero;

41 - the first temperature value (T1.1.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling in the first section of line 14 (U1), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

42 - the second temperature value (T1.2.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling on the second section of line 16 (U2), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

43 - the third temperature value (T1.3.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling in the third section of line 18 (U3), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

44 - the fourth temperature value (T1.4.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling on the fourth section of line 20 (U4), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

45 - the fifth temperature value (T1.5.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling on the fifth section of line 22 (U5), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

46 - the sixth temperature value (T1.6.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling on the sixth section of line 24 (U6), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

47 - the seventh temperature value (T1.7.) Of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, idling on the seventh section of line 26 (U7), stored at a fixed weather temperature of 38 (T1B) in the heat map database 36 (B);

48 - Nth state coefficient (resN), which takes the value of unity, if the temperature value 37 (T) is equal to the Nth temperature value 39 (TNB), and if the temperature value 37 (T) is not equal to the Nth temperature value 39 ( TNB) is equal to zero;

49 - N-th temperature value (TN.N.) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, where the linear wire 35 is located, on the N-th section of the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) stored in the heat cards 36 (B);

50 - the first value of the product (T.1.1.U.) the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 41 (T1.1.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

51 - the second value of the product (T.1.2.U.) the value of the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 42 (T1.2.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

52 - the third value of the product (T.1.3.U.) the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 43 (T1.3.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

53 - the fourth value of the product (T.1.4.U.) the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 44 (T1.4.) And the coefficient of state 40 (res1);

54 - the fifth value of the product (T.1.5.U.) of the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 45 (T1.5.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

55 - the sixth value of the product (T.1.6.U.) of the temperature of the pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene 46 (T1.6.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

56 - the seventh value of the product (T.1.7.U.) of the temperature of the pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene 47 (T1.7.) And the state coefficient 40 (res1);

57 - Nth product value (T.N.N.U.) of the wall temperature of a pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 49 (TN.N) and a state coefficient of 48 (resN);

58 - the first measured temperature (T1) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the first section of line 14 (U1);

59 - the second measured temperature value (T2) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the second section of line 16 (U2);

60 - the third measured temperature (T3) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the third section of line 18 (U3);

61 - the fourth measured temperature value (T4) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the fourth section of line 20 (U4);

62 - the fifth measured temperature value (T5) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the fifth section of line 22 (U5);

63 - the sixth measured temperature value (T6) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the sixth section of line 24 (U6);

64 is the seventh measured temperature value (T7) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the seventh section of line 26 (U7);

65 - N-th capsule (KDTN) of the temperature sensor of the N-th section of the power transmission line;

66 - N-th measured value of temperature (TN) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 on the N-th section of the power transmission line;

67 - the first value of the difference (RT1.1.U. = T.1.1.U.-T1);

68 - the second value of the difference (RT1.2.U. = T.1.2.U.-T2);

69 - the third magnitude of the difference (RT1.3.U. = T.1.3.U.-T3);

70 - the fourth value of the difference (RT1.4.U. = T.1.4.U.-T4);

71 - the fifth difference (RT1.5.U. = T.1.5.U.-T5);

72 - the sixth magnitude of the difference (RT1.6.U. = T.1.6.U.-T6);

73 - the seventh magnitude of the difference (RT1.7.U. = T.1.7.U.-T7);

74 - N-th magnitude of the difference (PTN.N.U. = T.N.N.U.-TN);

75 - optical fibers [patent RU 2023940];

76 - a capsule such as that shown in the device [patent RU 2256890];

77 - dielectric, pipe segment made of cross-linked polyethylene [7];

78 - a light source such as that shown in the device [patent RU 2256890];

79 - a photodetector such as that shown in the device [patent RU 2256890];

80 - light guide [patent RU 2256890];

81 - receiving fiber [patent RU 2256890];

82 - measured temperature (TN.Nb), N-th wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 on the N-th section of the line, which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV transmission line OR ABOVE), idling go;

83 - the measured temperature value (T1.7.b) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the seventh section of line 26 (U7), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line OR ABOVE) idling ;

84 - the measured temperature value (T1.6.b) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the sixth section of line 24 (U6), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line OR ABOVE) idling ;

85 - the measured temperature value (T1.5.b) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the fifth section of line 22 (U5), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line OR ABOVE) idling ;

86 is the measured temperature value (T1.4.b) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the fourth section of line 20 (U4), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line OR ABOVE) idling ;

87 - the measured temperature (T1.3.b) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the third section of line 18 (U3), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line OR ABOVE) idling ;

88 is the measured temperature value (T1.2.b) of the pipe wall 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the second section of line 16 (U2), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power transmission line OR ABOVE) idling ;

89 is the measured temperature (T1.1.b) of the wall of the pipe 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 in the first section of line 14 (U1), which is part of a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (10 kV power line or higher), idling to go.

The essence of the proposed development lies in the formation of a method for determining the distance from the beginning or end of power lines to the place of unauthorized connection of load to power lines.

In the considered transmission line of a three-phase three-wire design, the current and voltage of industrial frequency along linear wires made of standard conductive material [6] are distributed according to nonlinear laws.

. Блоки 8 (Тр. 2) и 11 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{НАГР.}\right)$$

образуют общий блок, полное сопротивление которого определяется величиной 10 $$\left(\underset{\_}{Z}\right)$$

.In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the algorithm of the power line by the example of patent RU 2490767. Here, as an object in which it is necessary to determine the place of connection of the load of unknown power, consider power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE). The following electrical equipment is used: transformer 1 (Tr. 1) - a transformer that supplies electric power to a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line of 10 kV OR ABOVE); transformers 8 (Tr. 2) - a group of step-down transformers that differ from 1 (Tr. 1) in technical characteristics. Transformers 8 (Tr. 2) are involved in the transmission of electricity to an electrical load 11 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N\mathrm{BUT}RR.}\right)$$

. Blocks 8 (Tr. 2) and 11 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N\mathrm{BUT}RR.}\right)$$

form a common block, the total resistance of which is determined by the value of 10 $$\left(\underset{\_}{Z}\right)$$

.

(фиг. 2).A three-phase three-wire power line [5] with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE), shown in FIG. 1, operates in a power transmission mode, including a load of 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2).

, расположенном в начале ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ), а для капсул датчиков температуры 23 (КДТ5), 25 (КДТ6), 27 (КДТ7) размещены во втором месте 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

, расположенном в конце ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ).The main unit of the algorithm for determining the place of unauthorized connection of the load to a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1) is processor 4 (P) (Figs. 1-3, 6), where the analysis of temperature status information is performed heating the linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5). This information in the processor 4 (P) (Figs. 1-3, 6) comes from temperature sensors [patent RU 2256890], including capsule 76 (Fig. 4), optical fibers 75, light source 78, photodetector 79. the entire length of the power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6) are capsules of temperature sensors 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2, 3, 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 ( KDT4), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7), each of which has its own light source 78 (Fig. 4) and a photodetector 79, which are placed for capsules of temperature sensors 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2 , 3, 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4) in the first place 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

located at the beginning of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE), and for capsule temperature sensors 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) are placed in second place 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

located at the end of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE).

(фиг. 1-3, 6), 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

и 15 (КДТ1) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3), 21 (КДТ4), 23 (КДТ5), 25 (КДТ6), 27 (КДТ7) используются для сбора информации о величинах температуры на всем протяжении ЛЭП 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 1, 2, 6).Temperature sensors [patent RU 2256890], consisting of 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

(Figs. 1-3, 6), 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

and 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2, 3, 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) are used to collect information about the values temperatures throughout the power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6).

, 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

и 15 (КДТ1) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3), 21 (КДТ4), 23 (КДТ5), 25 (КДТ6), 27 (КДТ7) аналоговые сигналы преобразовать в дискретные. Результаты действия описываемого алгоритма выводятся на показывающий или самопишущий прибор 5 (РО) (фиг. 1-3, 6).An analog-to-digital converter 3 (ADC) (Figs. 1-3, 6) allows the temperature sensors formed from 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

, 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

and 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2, 3, 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) convert analog signals to discrete. The results of the described algorithm are displayed on a indicating or recording device 5 (PO) (Figs. 1-3, 6).

, 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

и 12 (КДТ), 15 (КДТ1) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3), 21 (КДТ4), 23 (КДТ5), 25 (КДТ6), 27 (КДТ7) и 3 (АЦП) осуществляется при помощи световодов 75, там, где это показано на фиг. 2-4, 6.Link Block 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

, 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

and 12 (KDT), 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2, 3, 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) and 3 (ADC) is implemented using optical fibers 75, where shown in FIG. 2-4, 6.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram of an algorithm for operating an electric transmission line with a load of unknown power, the location of which is unknown.

(фиг. 1), и передает электроэнергию нагрузке 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

, подключение которой несанкционированно и место подключения неизвестно. В качестве примера несанкционированно подключенная нагрузка 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

размещена между четвертым 20 (У4) и пятым 22 (У5) участками линии электропередачи 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ), на которых ведется измерение температуры линейного провода 35 (фиг. 4, 5) при помощи капсул 21 (КДТ4) (фиг. 2), 23 (КДТ5) и датчиков температуры установленных в конце соответственно четвертого 20 (У4) и пятого 22 (У5) участков.In FIG. 2 shows that electricity is transmitted from transformer 1 (Tr. 1) to a three-phase three-wire power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE), then to transformer 8 (Tr. 2). Three-phase three-wire power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) disconnected from the generalized electrical load 11 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N\mathrm{BUT}RR.}\right)$$

(Fig. 1), and transmits electricity to the load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

the connection of which is unauthorized and the place of connection is unknown. As an example, an unauthorized connected load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

placed between the fourth 20 (U4) and fifth 22 (U5) sections of the power line 6 (10 kV transmission lines OR ABOVE), on which the temperature of the linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5) is measured using capsules 21 (KDT4) (Fig. 2), 23 (KDT5) and temperature sensors installed at the end of the fourth 20 (U4) and fifth 22 (U5) sections, respectively.

между четвертым участком линии электропередачи 20 (У4) и пятым участком линии электропередачи 22 (У5) работает и при размещении нагрузки 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

между 1 (Тр. 1) и 14 (У1), 14 (У1) и 16 (У2), 16 (У2) и 18 (У3), 18 (У3) и 20 (У4), 20 (У4) и 22 (У5), 22 (У5) и 24 (У6), 24 (У6) и 26 (У7) (8 (Тр. 2)).The above algorithm when placing the load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

between the fourth section of the power line 20 (U4) and the fifth section of the power line 22 (U5) and works when placing the load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

between 1 (Tr. 1) and 14 (Y1), 14 (Y1) and 16 (Y2), 16 (Y2) and 18 (Y3), 18 (Y3) and 20 (Y4), 20 (Y4) and 22 ( U5), 22 (U5) and 24 (U6), 24 (U6) and 26 (U7) (8 (Tr. 2)).

. Например, капсулы датчиков температуры расположены через каждые пять (5) километров на протяжении всей трехфазной трехпроводной ЛЭП 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ), начиная от трансформатора 1 (Тр. 1). В таком случае каждый участок будет иметь длину в пять (5) километров, а общая протяженность ЛЭП 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 1, 2, 6) составит 35 километров для ЛЭП, например, напряжением 35 кВ. В конце каждого участка устанавливается капсула волоконно-оптического датчика температуры [патент RU 2256890].Three-phase three-wire power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) is divided into sections, the length of which depends on the required accuracy of determining the location of the load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

. For example, temperature sensor capsules are located every five (5) kilometers along the entire three-phase three-wire power line 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE), starting from transformer 1 (Tr. 1). In this case, each section will have a length of five (5) kilometers, and the total length of the power lines 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Figs. 1, 2, 6) will be 35 kilometers for power lines, for example, with a voltage of 35 kV. At the end of each section, a capsule of a fiber optic temperature sensor is installed [patent RU 2256890].

In place 13 (M) of the location of transformer 1 (Tr. 1) in the open air there is a capsule 12 (KDT) of the temperature sensor in the zone of climatic conditions identical to the climatic conditions of power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines of 10 kV OR ABOVE). It is used to create a heat map base 36 (B) (Fig. 7, 8), and then to select a heat map that matches the current climatic conditions.

A power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 2) from transformer 1 (Tr. 1) to transformer 8 (Tr. 2) is divided into equal sections 14 (U1), 16 (U2), 18 (U3), 20 (U4), 22 (U5), 24 (U6), 26 (U7). At the end of each section, capsules of temperature sensors 15 (KDT1), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6), 27 (KDT7) were installed.

(фиг. 2), которое необходимо определить.Between the fourth 20 (U4) and fifth 22 (U5) sections of the power line 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2) there is a place of unauthorized connected load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2), which must be determined.

нагревает каждый линейный провод 35 (фиг. 4, 5) больше чем нагревается линейный провод 35, входящий в состав участков 22 (У5) (фиг. 2), 24 (У6) и 26 (У7), работающих в режиме холостого хода.The current from the transformer 1 (Tr. 1) (Fig. 1, 2) through sections 14 (U1) (Fig. 2), 16 (U2), 18 (U3), 20 (U4) and 22 (U5) is supplied to the load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

heats each line wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5) more than heats the line wire 35, which is part of sections 22 (U5) (Fig. 2), 24 (U6) and 26 (U7) operating in idle mode.

(фиг. 1-3, 6), расположенном в начале ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 1, 2, 6); а другую часть световодов 75 (фиг. 1-4, 6) позволяет собирать во втором месте 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

(фиг. 1-3, 6), расположенном в конце ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 1, 2, 6). Полиэтиленовая труба 28 (фиг. 3-5) проложена на всем протяжении ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 1, 2, 6) и предназначена для канализации световодов 75 (фиг. 1-4, 6).In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the laying of optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6). The optical fibers 75 (Fig. 3) are laid in a pipe made of solid polyethylene 28 (Figs. 3-5), which allows part of the optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6) to be assembled in the first place 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

(Fig. 1-3, 6) located at the beginning of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6); and the other part of the optical fibers 75 (Fig. 1-4, 6) allows you to collect in the second place 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

(Fig. 1-3, 6) located at the end of a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6). A polyethylene pipe 28 (Figs. 3-5) is laid all over the power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (10 kV lines or higher) (Figs. 1, 2, 6) and is intended for the canalization of optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6).

From the end of the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 3), part of the optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6) are laid in a lightning protection cable 29 (Fig. 3, 5) [patent RU 2441293] to analog-to-digital Converter 3 (ADC) (Fig. 1-3, 6).

(фиг. 1-4, 6), где расположены источники света и фотоприемники связанные через световоды 75 с капсулами датчиков температуры 12 (КДТ) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 15 (КДТ1), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3), 21 (КДТ4), и второе место 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

(фиг. 1-3, 6), где расположены источники света и фотоприемники, связанные через световоды 75 (фиг. 1-4, 6) с капсулами датчиков температуры 23 (КДТ5) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 25 (КДТ6) и 27 (КДТ7). Волоконно-оптический датчик на фиг. 4 состоит из капсулы 76, световодов 75, источника света 78 и фотоприемника 79. Принцип работы этого устройства изложен в изобретении [патент RU 2256890].In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of an algorithm for operating a fiber optic temperature sensor [patent RU 2256890]. The first (conditionally) group of temperature sensors includes first place 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

(Figs. 1-4, 6), where the light sources and photodetectors are located, connected through optical fibers 75 with capsules of temperature sensors 12 (КДТ) (Fig. 2, 3, 6), 15 (КДТ1), 17 (КДТ2), 19 ( KDT3), 21 (KDT4), and second place 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

(Figs. 1-3, 6), where the light sources and photodetectors are located, connected through optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6) with capsules of temperature sensors 23 (KDT5) (Figs. 2, 3, 6), 25 ( KDT6) and 27 (KDT7). The fiber optic sensor of FIG. 4 consists of a capsule 76, optical fibers 75, a light source 78 and a photodetector 79. The principle of operation of this device is described in the invention [patent RU 2256890].

(фиг. 1-4, 6), это характерно для волоконно-оптических датчиков температуры с капсулами 12 (КДТ) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 15 (КДТ1), 17 (КДТ2), 19 (КДТ3) и 21 (КДТ4). Если же источник света 78 (фиг. 4) и фотоприемник 79 расположены во втором месте 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^nД2}\right)$$

(фиг. 1-3, 6), то это свойственно для волоконно-оптических датчиков температуры с капсулами 23 (КДТ5) (фиг. 2, 3, 6), 25 (КДТ6) и 27 (КДТ7).In FIG. 4, the light source 78 and the photodetector 79 are located in the first place 2 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D\mathrm{one}}\right)$$

(Figs. 1-4, 6), this is typical for fiber-optic temperature sensors with capsules 12 (KDT) (Figs. 2, 3, 6), 15 (KDT1), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3) and 21 (KDT4). If the light source 78 (Fig. 4) and the photodetector 79 are located in the second place 7 $$\left({\displaystyle \sum _{i=\mathrm{one}}^{n}D2}\right)$$

(Figs. 1-3, 6), this is typical for fiber-optic temperature sensors with capsules 23 (KDT5) (Figs. 2, 3, 6), 25 (KDT6) and 27 (KDT7).

In FIG. 4, the capsule 76 is made of dielectric material, which excludes electromagnetic effects from the linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5) and other linear wires 33 (Fig. 5), according to the invention [patent RU 2256890].

In FIG. 4, a capsule 76 made, for example, of quartz, can be placed in a dielectric 77 made of cross-linked polyethylene in the form of a pipe segment, for example, using special glue. In this way, the capsule 76 is prevented from falling out of the dielectric connector 77.

In FIG. 4, the capsule 76 is placed in its entirety or for the most part in the body of the dielectric 77, in which the linear wire 35 is placed (Fig. 4, 5). The capsule 76 (Fig. 4) serves to account for the increase in temperature of the dielectric 77, which increases due to an increase in the linear current in the linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5).

The dielectric 77 (Fig. 4) serves to place the capsule 76 in its body and to shield the optical fibers 75 from the influence of the linear wire 35 (Figs. 4, 5) until the role of the screen is assumed by the solid polyethylene pipe 28 (Fig. . 3-5) [7].

The optical fibers 75 (Figs. 1-4, 6) are divided into a lighting fiber 80 (Fig. 4) and a receiving fiber 81 [patent RU 2256890].

(фиг. 5) от опоры 32. Линейные провода 33, подвешены к опорам 32 через изоляторы 30 такие, как ЛК-70/220-АЧ УХЛ1. Опора 32 установлена на земле 34 и заземлена при помощи заземлителя 31.In FIG. 5 shows one span of a portion of an electric transmission line of 10 kV or higher 6 (power transmission line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6). A fiber-optic temperature sensor [patent RU 2256890] can be connected to each linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5) to monitor the temperature of all linear wires 33 (Fig. 5) at the end of each section of the power transmission line. The connection point of the capsule 76 (Fig. 4) of the fiber-optic temperature sensor to the dielectric 77 is at a distance $$\raisebox{1ex}{$L$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.$$

(Fig. 5) from the support 32. Line wires 33 are suspended from the supports 32 through insulators 30 such as LK-70/220-ACh UHL1. The support 32 is installed on the ground 34 and is grounded using an earthing switch 31.

Lightning protection cable 29 (Fig. 3, 5) [patent RU 2441293], is used to sew the optical fibers 75 (Fig. 1-4, 6) to analog-to-digital converter 3 (ADC) (Figs. 1-3, 6). The optical fibers 75 (Fig. 1-4, 6) are laid in a solid polyethylene pipe 28 (Fig. 3-5), mounted, for example, on a support 32 (Fig. 5).

In FIG. 6 is a diagram of the operation algorithm of an electric transmission line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power transmission line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6) at idle, allowing to form a base of heat cards 36 (B) (Fig. 7, 8) .

The assignment of the blocks shown in FIG. 6 is given earlier in the description of FIG. 2.

In FIG. 7 is a diagram of the algorithm of the processor 4 (P) (Figs. 1-3, 6), which forms the base of heat cards 36 (B) (Figs. 7, 8). The algorithm (Fig. 7) works at the time when the base of heatmaps 36 (B) is formed (Fig. 7, 8) along its entire length, as shown in FIG. 6 and guaranteed idle power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE).

The algorithm shown in FIG. 7 operates when the algorithm shown in FIG. 8.

In FIG. 7 shows how the information about the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air measured by the capsule of the fiber-optic temperature sensor 12 (KDT) (Fig. 2, 3, 6) located in the open air in the zone of climatic uniformity with power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6), idling, in Fig. 6, through 3 (ADC) (Figs. 1-3, 6) it enters the processor 4 (P). The temperature value 37 (T) (Fig. 7, 8) of the ambient air is compared with the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B), located in the base of heat maps 36 (B). The first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B) is set arbitrarily by the operator and can have a value ranging from minus 50 to plus 50 degrees Celsius. As a result of comparing the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air with the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B), we obtain the value of the state coefficient 40 (res1b), which takes a value of unity if the temperature value 37 (T) is equal to the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B) and if the temperature value 37 (T) is not equal to the first temperature value 38 (T1B), then this coefficient is equal to zero.

Then, the value of the state coefficient 40 (res1) (Fig. 7) enters the blocks where the temperature values of the walls of the pipes are made of cross-linked polyethylene 41 (T1.1.), 42 (T1.2.), 43 (T1.3.), 44 (T1.4.), 45 (T1.5.), 46 (T1.6.) And 47 (T1.7.) For sections of the power line, respectively 14 (U1), 16 (U2), 18 (U3) , 20 (U4), 22 (U5), 24 (U6), 26 (U7). In the blocks where the temperatures are formed 41 (Т1.1.), 42 (Т1.2.), 43 (Т1.3.), 44 (Т1.4.), 45 (Т1.5.), 46 (Т1 .6.) And 47 (T1.7.) Of the walls of the pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, come from the capsules of the temperature sensors 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 6), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4), 23 ( KDT5), 25 (KDT6) and 27 (KDT7) respectively measured temperatures 89 (T1.1.b), 88 (T1.2.b), 87 (T1.3.b), 86 (T1.4.b ), 85 (T1.5.b), 84 (T1.6.b) and 83 (T1.7.b) pipe walls made of cross-linked polyethylene. Then, each of the quantities 89 (T1.1.b), 88 (T1.2.b), 87 (T1.3.b), 86 (T1.4.b), 85 (T1.5.b), 84 (T1.6.b) and 83 (T1.7.b) are multiplied by the state coefficient 40 (res1), as a result of which the temperatures 41 (T1.1.) (Fig. 7, 8), 42 (T1. 2.), 43 (Т1.3.), 44 (Т1.4.), 45 (Т1.5.), 46 (Т1.6.) And 47 (Т1.7.) Pipe walls made of cross-linked polyethylene.

Temperature values 41 (Т1.1.) (Fig. 7), 42 (Т1.2.), 43 (Т1.3.), 44 (Т1.4.), 45 (Т1.5.), 46 (Т1 .6.) And 47 (T1.7.) Of non-zero cross-linked polyethylene pipe walls are recorded in the heat map database 36 (B) by the operator when analyzing the measured values. Information on temperature values 41 (Т1.1.), 42 (Т1.2.), 43 (Т1.3.), 44 (Т1.4.), 45 (Т1.5.), 46 (Т1.6. ) and 47 (T1.7.) pipe walls made of cross-linked polyethylene, is displayed on a indicating or recording device 5 (PO) (Figs. 1-3,6).

At the same time in FIG. 7, the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air is compared with the N-th value of the temperature of the weather 39 (TNB) located in the base of heat maps 36 (B). The N-th value of the weather temperature 39 (TNB) is set arbitrarily by the operator. It can be set to a value ranging from minus 50 to plus 50 degrees Celsius. As a result of comparing the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air with the value of the weather temperature 39 (TNB), a value of the state coefficient 48 (resN) is obtained (Fig. 7, 8), which takes a value of unity if the temperature value 37 (T) is N- the value of the temperature of the weather 39 (TNB), and if the value of the temperature 37 (T) is not equal to the N-th value of the temperature 39 (TNB), then this coefficient is zero.

Then, the value of the state coefficient 48 (resN) enters the block where the Nth temperature value 49 (TN.N.) of the pipe wall is made of cross-linked polyethylene for the Nth section of the power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power transmission line 10 kV OR ABOVE ) (Fig. 1, 2, 6).

In the block where the N-th temperature value of the pipe wall wall is made of cross-linked polyethylene 49 (TN.N.) (Fig. 7), the N-th measured temperature value of the N-th wall comes from the N-th capsule 65 (KDTN) of the temperature sensor XLPE pipe 82 (TN.Nb). Then, the measured Nth temperature value 82 (TN.Nb) of the Nth wall of the cross-linked polyethylene pipe is multiplied by the state coefficient 48 (resN), resulting in the Nth temperature value 49 (TN.N.) (Fig. 7 , 8) pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene.

The temperature value 49 (TN.N.) (Fig. 7) of the pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene, other than zero, is recorded in the database of heat cards 36 (B) by the operator when analyzing the measured values. Information about the N-th value of temperature 49 (TN.N.) is displayed on a indicating or recording device 5 (PO) (Figs. 1-3, 6).

(фиг. 2).In FIG. 8 is a diagram of the algorithm of the processor 4 (P) (Figs. 1-3, 6), which determines the distance to the place of an unauthorized connection to a power line voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 1, 2, 6 ) load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2).

In FIG. 8 shows how the information about the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air measured by the capsule of the fiber-optic temperature sensor 12 (KDT) (Fig. 2) located in the open air in the zone of climatic uniformity with power lines of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE), through 3 (ADC) enters the processor 4 (P).

неизвестной мощности, местонахождение которой неизвестно (фиг. 2). В результате сравнения величин температуры 37 (Т) (фиг. 7, 8) и 38 (Т1Б) получается значение коэффициента состояния 40 (res1), который принимает значение единицы, если величина температуры 37 (Т) равна первой величине температуры погоды 38 (Т1Б), а если величина температуры 37 (Т) не равна первой величине температуры 38 (Т1Б), этот коэффициент равен нулю.The temperature value 37 (T) (Fig. 8) of the ambient air is compared with the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B), located in the base of heat maps 36 (B). The first temperature 38 (T1B) is characterized by temperatures 41 (T1.1.) (Fig. 7, 8), 42 (T1.2.), 43 (T1.3.), 44 (T1.4.), 45 (T1.5.), 46 (T1.6.) And 47 (T1.7.) Pipe walls made of cross-linked polyethylene 77 (Fig. 4, 5), formed as a result of the algorithm presented in Fig. 7. The algorithm of FIG. 8 works for an electric transmission line with a load of 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

unknown power, the location of which is unknown (Fig. 2). As a result of comparing the values of temperature 37 (T) (Fig. 7, 8) and 38 (T1B), we obtain the value of the state coefficient 40 (res1), which takes a unit value if the temperature 37 (T) is equal to the first value of the weather temperature 38 (T1B) ), and if the temperature value 37 (Т) is not equal to the first temperature value 38 (Т1Б), this coefficient is equal to zero.

Then, the value of the state coefficient 40 (res1) (Fig. 8) and the temperature values 41 (T1.1.), 42 (T1.2.), 43 (T1.3.), 44 (T1.4.), 45 ( T1.5.), 46 (T1.6.) And 47 (T1.7.) Of the walls of the pipes made of cross-linked polyethylene, come in blocks of the sizes of works 50 (T.1.1.U.), 51 (T.1.2.U .), 52 (T.1.3.U.), 53 (T.1.4.U.), 54 (T.1.5.U.), 55 (T.1.6.U.) and 56 (T.1.7.U. .). If the coefficient of state 40 (res1) is equal to unity, then the values of the products are 50 (T.1.1.U.), 51 (T.1.2.U.), 52 (T.1.3.U.), 53 (T.1.4 .U.), 54 (T.1.5.U.), 55 (T.1.6.U.) and 56 (T.1.7.U.) are nonzero, if the coefficient of state 40 (res1) is zero, then and values 50 (T.1.1.U.), 51 (T.1.2.U.), 52 (T.1.3.U.), 53 (T.1.4.U.), 54 (T.1.5.U. ), 55 (T.1.6.U.) and 56 (T.1.7.U.) are equal to zero.

At the same time in 4 (P) (Figs. 1-3, 6) through 3 (ADC) in real time from the capsules of the temperature sensors 15 (KDT1) (Fig. 2), 17 (KDT2), 19 (KDT3), 21 (KDT4 ), 23 (KDT5), 25 (KDT6) and 27 (KDT7) the measured values of temperatures 58 (T1), 59 (T2), 60 (T3), 61 (T4), 62 (T5), 63 (T6) are received 64 (T7) pipe walls made of cross-linked polyethylene, with a linear wire 35 (Fig. 4, 5).

Then measured in real time the temperature values 58 (T1) (Fig. 8), 59 (T2), 60 (T3), 61 (T4), 62 (T5), 63 (T6), 64 (T7) of the walls of the pipes made of crosslinked polyethylene and, accordingly, the value of the products 50 (T.1.1.U.), 51 (T.1.2.U.), 52 (T.1.3.U.), 53 (T.1.4.U.), 54 (T.1.5 .U.), 55 (T.1.6.U.), 56 (T.1.7.U.) enter the blocks of difference values 67 (PT1.1.U = T.1.1.U.-T1), 68 (PT1 .2.U. = T.1.2.U.-T2), 69 (RT1.3.U. = T.1.3.U.-T3), 70 (RT1.4.U. = T.1.4.U. -T4), 71 (RT1.5.U. = T.1.5.U.-T5), 72 (RT1.6.U. = T.1.6.U.-T6), 73 (RT1.7.U. = Т.1.7.У.-Т7), where the values of temperature errors in degrees Celsius are calculated.

(фиг. 2) подключена между четвертым 20 (У4) и пятым 22 (У5) участками линии электропередачи 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) то, например, при равенстве 37 (Т) и 38 (Т1Б) (фиг. 8) определяют по измеренным величинам температуры 50 (Т.1.1.У.), 51 (Т.1.2.У.), 52 (Т.1.3.У.), 53 (Т.1.4.У.), 54 (Т.1.5.У.), 55 (Т.1.6.У.) и 56 (Т.1.7.У.) для каждого участка ЛЭП, работающих на холостом ходу на фиг. 6, и измеренным соответственно в реальном времени величинам температур 58 (Т1) (фиг. 8), 59 (Т2), 60 (Т3), 61 (Т4), 62 (Т5), 63 (Т6) и 64 (Т7) стенок труб из сшитого полиэтилена (фиг. 2) величин разниц 67 (РТ1.1.У.=Т.1.1.У.-Т1), 68 (РТ1.2.У.=Т.1.2.У.-Т2), 69 (РТ1.3.У.=Т.1.3.У.-Т3), 70 (РТ1.4.У.=Т.1.4.У.-Т4), 71 (РТ1.5.У.=Т.1.5.У.-Т5), 72 (РТ1.6.У.=Т.1.6.У.-Т6) и 73 (РТ1.7.У.=Т.1.7.У.-Т7). Где величина погрешностей температур в градусах Цельсия будет большей, там ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) будет передавать электроэнергию несанкционированно подключенной нагрузке 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

(фиг. 2). Так по ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) (фиг. 2) передается электроэнергия несанкционированно подключенной нагрузке 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

по участкам 14 (У1), 16 (У2), 18 (У3), 20 (У4), а на участках 22 (У5), 24 (У6) и 26 (У7) ЛЭП напряжением 10 кВ или выше 6 (ЛЭП 10 кВ ИЛИ ВЫШЕ) будет работать на холостом ходу. Таким образом, местом, где находится несанкционированно подключенная нагрузка 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{Н.}\right)$$

, для нашего примера является участок 22 (У5), протяженность которого составит пять (5) километров.If load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2) is connected between the fourth 20 (Y4) and fifth 22 (Y5) sections of the power line 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE) then, for example, with equality 37 (T) and 38 (T1B) (Fig. 8) determine according to the measured temperature 50 (T.1.1.U.), 51 (T.1.2.U.), 52 (T.1.3.U.), 53 (T.1.4.U.), 54 (T.1.5. U.), 55 (T.1.6.U.) and 56 (T.1.7.U.) for each section of power lines idling in FIG. 6, and respectively measured in real time, the temperatures 58 (T1) (Fig. 8), 59 (T2), 60 (T3), 61 (T4), 62 (T5), 63 (T6) and 64 (T7) walls cross-linked polyethylene pipes (Fig. 2) of the differences 67 (PT1.1.U. = T.1.1.U.-T1), 68 (PT1.2.U. = T.1.2.U.-T2), 69 (RT1.3.U. = T.1.3.U.-T3), 70 (RT1.4.U. = T.1.4.U.-T4), 71 (RT1.5.U. = T.1.5. U.-T5), 72 (RT1.6.U. = T.1.6.U.-T6) and 73 (RT1.7.U. = T.1.7.U.-T7). Where the value of temperature errors in degrees Celsius will be greater, there is a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) will transmit electricity to an unauthorized connected load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2). So on a power line with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power line 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Fig. 2), electricity is transmitted by an unauthorized connected load 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

in sections 14 (U1), 16 (U2), 18 (U3), 20 (U4), and in sections 22 (U5), 24 (U6) and 26 (U7) power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines of 10 kV OR ABOVE) will idle. Thus, the place where the unauthorized connected load is located 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

, for our example, is section 22 (U5), the length of which will be five (5) kilometers.

At the same time in FIG. 8, the temperature value 37 (T) of the ambient air is compared with the Nth value of the weather temperature 39 (TNB) in the generated heat map base 36 (B).

N-th value of the temperature of the weather 39 (TNB) corresponds to the N-th value of 49 (TN.N.), non-zero, characterizing the temperature of the wall of the pipe made of cross-linked polyethylene 77 (Fig. 4, 5) [7], where the linear wire is located 35, on the N-th section of power lines with a voltage of 10 kV or higher 6 (power lines 10 kV OR ABOVE) (Figs. 1, 2, 6) stored in the heat map database 36 (B) as a result of the algorithm presented in FIG. 7.

The algorithm of FIG. 8 operates for an electric transmission line with a load of unknown power, the location of which is unknown (FIG. 2). As a result of comparing the values of temperature 37 (T) (Fig. 7, 8) and 39 (TNB), the value of the Nth state coefficient 48 (resN) is obtained, which takes a value of unity if the temperature value 37 (T) is equal to the Nth value temperature 39 (TNB), and if the value of temperature 37 (T) is not equal to the N-th value of temperature 39 (TNB), then this coefficient is zero.

Then, the value of the Nth state coefficient 48 (resN) and the Nth temperature value 49 (TN.N.) of the pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene 77 (Figs. 4, 5) enter the block of product quantity 57 (TNNU.) (Fig. . 8). As a result of this, if the Nth state coefficient 48 (resN) is equal to one, then the value of the product 57 (TNNU.) Is different from zero, if the Nth state coefficient 48 (resN) is zero, then the value of the product 57 ( TNNY.) Is zero.

At the same time, in 4 (P) (Fig. 2) through 3 (ADC) in real time from the N-th capsule 65 (KDTN) (Fig. 8) of the temperature sensor, the N-th measured temperature value 66 (TN) of the pipe wall comes from the cross-linked polyethylene 77 (Fig. 4, 5), where the linear wire 35 is located on the N-th section of the line.

Then, the real-time measured N-th temperature value 66 (TN) of the pipe wall made of cross-linked polyethylene 77 (Fig. 4, 5) and the product value 57 (TNNU.) (Fig. 8) enter the block of the N-th difference value 74 (PTN.N.У. = TNNУ.-TN), where the value of the temperature error in degrees Celsius is formed.

Information on the magnitude of the difference 67 (RT1.1.U. = T.1.1.U.-T1), 68 (RT1.2.U. = T.1.2.U.-T2), 69 (RT1.3.U. = T.1.3.U.-T3), 70 (RT1.4.U. = T.1.4.U.-T4), 71 (RT1.5.U. = T.1.5.U.-T5), 72 (RT1.6.U. = T.1.6.U.-T6), 73 (RT1.7.U. = T.1.7.U.-T7) and 74 (PTN.N.U. = TNNU.- TN) is displayed on a indicating or recording device 5 (PO) (Figs. 1-3, 6).

(фиг. 2).This determines the place where an unauthorized connected load is located 9 $$\left({\underset{\_}{Z}}_{N.}\right)$$

(Fig. 2).

Information sources

1. Dyakonov, V. Reflectometry and pulse reflectometers / V. Dyakonov // Components and technologies. - 2012 - No. 1. - S. 164-172.

2. Kozlov, V.A. The agreed mode of operation of a homogeneous three-wire power line / V.A. Kozlov, G.A. Bolshanin // Systems. Methods Technologies. - 2011. - No. 4. - S. 70-76.

3. Kozlov, V.A. Coordination of a three-phase three-wire high-voltage power line with electric load / V.A. Kozlov, G.A. Bolshanin // Chief Power Engineer. - 2013. - No. 6. - S. 32-38.

4. Kozlov, V.A. Coordination of a three-wire single-circuit high-voltage power line with a load / V.A. Kozlov, G.A. Bolshanin // Transactions of Bratsk State University: Series: Natural and Engineering Sciences: 2 vols. T. 2. - Bratsk: BrSU Publishing House, 2013. - P. 23-26.

5. Bolshanin, G.A. Distribution of low-quality electric energy over sections of electric power systems. In 2 book Prince 1 / G.A. Bolshanin. - Bratsk: BrSU, 2006 .-- 807 p.

6. Rules for the installation of electrical installations / Ministry of Energy R.F. - 7th ed. - M.: Publishing House NTs ENAS, 2003 .-- 160 p. - il.

7. Polyvinyl chloride / V.M. Ulyanov, E.P. Rybkin, A.D. Gudkovich, G.A. Pishin. - M .: Khimprom, 1992 .-- 288 p.: Ill.

Claims (1)

The method of determining the location of unauthorized connection of the load to the electric transmission line, which consists in the fact that the initial information about the presence of voltages and currents in the line through the interface devices enters the processor, characterized in that the processor receives information about the presence of voltages and currents in the transmission line from the sensors temperature measuring the temperature through the insulation of linear wires, which is used cross-linked polyethylene, in the pipe section of cross-linked polyethylene is a linear wire, to the temperature sensor capsules are located on equidistant sections of the electric transmission line along its entire length, using the sensors initially form the base consisting of heat maps of the electric transmission line idling, heat maps are compiled under different climatic conditions for one year, or 365 days that allows you to compare with the measured temperature values of the power line along its entire length from equidistant sections of the power line, while the capsule temperature sensors are connected through the walls of the cross-linked polyethylene pipe to linear wires, information about the temperature value from each capsule of the temperature sensor is transmitted using a light guide, and part of the light guides are laid in a solid polyethylene pipe on supports, and the other part of the light guides are laid in another part of the solid polyethylene pipe and lightning protection cable.

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