RU2596750C1 - High-pressure reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pharmaceutics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for technological processes at high pressure and can be used in chemistry, pharmaceutics, and allied industries for conducting processes in supercritical conditions. High-pressure reactor 10 comprises cover 7, bars 9 and base 13 that make an integral part, wherein to cover 7 is attached tee-piece 2 accommodating pressure gauge 1 and gas outlet valve, around tee-piece 2 there is disc with through holes 5, at corners of cover 7 there are nuts 6 for adjusting its height by hydraulic or mechanical jack 12, which through support with recesses 11 is connected with, located under cover 7, reactor 10 with gasket 8. Various processes can be conducted in reactor: hydrogenation, nucleophilic substitution, solid-phase reactions, hydrolysis, oxidation of organic compounds under pressure of oxygen or electrolysis under pressure, compaction of powders.

EFFECT: reactor is designed for both experiments and for production of small amounts of substances with low cost of finished products.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to devices for carrying out technological processes at high pressure and can find application in the field of chemistry, pharmaceuticals, as well as in related industries for carrying out processes in supercritical conditions.

A known reactor for producing working agents of high pressure (SU 244304 from 05.28.1969), consisting of a fuel nozzle 1, a top cover 2, a housing 3, an outer casing 4 and an inner casing 5 of a cooling jacket, nozzles 6 for supplying raw materials for pyrolysis or water, and bottom cover 7. Housings are made of heat-resistant steel, and the reactor vessel is made of ordinary.

Also known is a pseudo-isothermal chemical high pressure reactor (RU 2356616 dated 05/27/2009), which has a plurality of box-shaped heat exchangers, essentially flat rectangular in shape.

Known high pressure reactor (SU No. 1681943 from 10/07/1991), comprising a housing, a working cylinder with a free-floating piston and a cylinder cover forming a compression chamber.

All of the above reactors are time-consuming, highly functional and have a high cost estimate.

The task is to expand the functionality of the device.

The technical result of the invention is to develop a new device, as well as a closing mechanism.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the high-pressure reactor includes a cover, blanks and a base that make up a single unit, while a tee is attached to the cover, on which a manometer and a valve for gas release are located, a disk with through holes is located around the tee, the corners of the cover are located nuts for adjusting its height with a hydraulic or mechanical jack, which is connected through a stand with recesses to the gasket located under the cover.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a high pressure reactor, which includes a manometer - 1, a tee - 2, a metal rod - 3, an insulator - 4, a disk with through holes - 5, nuts - 6, a cover - 7, a rubber gasket - 8, blanks 4 pieces - 9, a reactor - 10, a stand with recesses - 11, a hydraulic jack - 12, a base - 13, a finger - 14, a cylinder - 15, a substrate - 16.

In FIG. 2 presents a form for powders.

The pressure gauge (1) is threadedly attached to the tee (2), on which the valve for gas discharge is located. In metal rods (3), a thread is cut to connect the electrodes and insulated (4) from the lid with high-strength resins. All technological openings (5) in the lid are intended for the introduction of samples, pressure control, and for the bursting safety membrane. Also, the reactor can be equipped with an immersion tube for a temperature sensor or sampling. Nuts (6) are designed to adjust the height of the cover (7) depending on the type of jack used, there are threads on the blanks (9), or they can be welded into the cover (7) tightly perpendicularly tightly. A gasket (8) can be made for each reactor (10), or a common gasket can be made and glued to the cover. The support (11) is designed to center the reactor and the mold for powders, and for this they have small recesses. The hydraulic jack (12) is used with auto return, pressure gauge or dynamometer for large masses. In the base (13), blanks are strictly perpendicularly welded. It is better if you cast off the cover (7), the blanks (9) and the base (13) as a whole, and subsequently correct it on a lathe. The pressing finger (14) is immersed in the cylinder (15), it, in turn, is placed on the substrate (16).

To conduct an experiment in a reactor, proceed as follows:

1) the jack is lowered (12) (instructions for the jack are attached);

2) the necessary components are loaded into the reactor (10);

3) the reactor (10) is placed on the stand (11) strictly protrusion for alignment on the reactor in the recess;

4) a gasket (8) is placed on top of the reactor (10) and is slowly pressed by the jack to the cover (7) to failure;

5) gas is injected or liquid reagents are introduced through technological holes.

After the end of the process, gas is first released, and everything else is as indicated above, but vice versa.

The powder is pressed as follows:

The jack lowers (12). The cylinder (15) is placed exactly on the substrate on the substrate (16), the pressed powder is poured, the finger (14) is immersed in the cylinder (15) and slowly pressed by the jack.

In the reactor, hydrogenation, nucleophilic substitution, solid-phase reactions, hydrolysis, oxidation of organic compounds under oxygen pressure or electrolysis under pressure are possible. Simple powder compaction.

The closing mechanism in the reactor is a hydraulic or mechanical jack, that is, the autoclave is pressed against the lid.

The volume of autoclaves and molds for powders varies and will depend on the capacity of the jack. For example, a jack of Q = 10,000 kg and a reactor with an internal radius of 5 cm and an external 6 cm were taken, and we calculate the internal and external area of the reactor by the formula

S = πr ²

S _ext. = 3.14 * 52 = 78.5 cm ²

S _ext. = 3.14 * 62 = 113.04 cm ²

According to Pascal's law, the gas pressure on all sides is the same and at a pressure of P = 1 kg / cm ² , respectively, P = 78.5 kg / cm ² presses on the bottom of the reactor, and m = 113.04 kg on the jack, including the load on clamp 37.24 kg. (113.04-78.5 = 37.24). If Q = 10000 kg is divided by S = 113.04 cm ² , we obtain the maximum pressure withstand the jack P = 10000 / 113.04 = 88.46 kg / cm ² .

The reactor volume can be increased by changing the height, and not the radius, while the pressure on the bottom does not change. With increasing radius, the pressure must be calculated in the above way. Depending on the working environment and process conditions, the reactor material is selected: stainless steel or nickel alloy. The reactor can be equipped with a fluoroplastic removable cup.

For powders, everything is simpler: if S _ext. = 1 cm ² , then all 10,000 kg will act on it.

The autoclave can be put on wheels. Designed specifically for conducting both experiments and for the production of small volumes of substances. Each reactor is equipped with technological openings in the lid for gas supply, sample injection, pressure control, and a bursting safety membrane. Also, the reactor can be equipped with an immersion tube for a temperature sensor or sampling. Large reactors can be equipped with a thermostat and an electric heater or cooling system.

Unlike these reactors, the proposed one will be about 60-70% heavier, but the cost of the product will decrease, the closing time will be reduced by 15-20 times. A high degree of compaction is provided. In addition to everything, it is possible to compress powders.

The proposed reactor is assembled and tested at Ecotech LLC.

Claims (1)

A high-pressure reactor, including a cover, blanks and a base, which are integral, the tee is attached to the cover, on which a manometer and a valve for gas discharge are located, a disk with through holes is located around the tee, nuts are placed at the corners of the cover to adjust its height by hydraulic or a mechanical jack, which, through a stand with recesses, is connected to a gasket-mounted reactor located under the cover.

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