RU2594432C1 - Method for rehabilitation of children of preschool and school age using riding - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, therapeutic exercises, adaptive riding and can be used in health-improving measures, aimed at strengthening/development of physical state of child of preschool and school age. Method comprises performing exercises using riding on bareback horse. First, initial stage is assigned in form of performing exercises on coordination of movements while maintaining equilibrium without fixation of hands; on development of fine motor using horse harness elements and personal clothes; exercises with a ball - throwing towards a target, catching ball; "Mill" exercise - alternate sitting on horse in different directions. After mastering said exercises, then switching to exercises of main step, which involves respiratory exercises with synchronisation of their execution with movements of hands and body. After mastering respiratory exercises, said exercises are performed at beginning and end of each training and after every 2-3 physical exercises during session. Further, mastering exercises aimed at development of muscles of neck, upper and lower extremities and body. Coordination exercises and fine motor exercises are performed at step of horse, and rest - and on horse standing in place, and on step. Time of one session is not less than 30 minutes. Not more than 15 % of each session of main step comprises new or unfamiliar exercises, rest comprises mastered exercises.

EFFECT: method provides development of bone-pectoral girdle of child, improved flexibility, high communication and adaptive capabilities of child, as a result, improved learning capability, as well as general tonic action, improved coordination of movements and spatial orientation.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to medicine and can be used in recreational activities aimed at strengthening / developing the physical condition of the child.

The development of physical culture and sports is one of the priority areas of the social policy of the Russian state, and the implementation of its development strategy, which is based on the transition of the sphere of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation to an innovative development model, sets itself the task of improving the physical shape, health of Russians and physical fitness of the younger generation.

Unfortunately, in recent years, computer games and television programs have replaced many children with outdoor games and physical activity. The load at school also increases, and children are forced to sit for long periods without movement. To compensate for the lack of movement, parents ask themselves: should we send our child to a sports club? But where exactly? How to make the right choice? Sometimes a lot depends on how close a spirit is to a child in a particular sport. Of course, physical education and sports for each baby bring health and beauty, and for a certain category of children in the future, sport becomes the meaning of life and main activity. Every year, children's sports are gaining more and more popularity. First, a healthy lifestyle comes into fashion. Secondly, the parents finally realized that the most valuable investment in their life is children and they certainly need to be addressed. Thirdly, we also see that if the child is not interested in something sensible, then in the future he will still be interested in something unknown. Fourth, our children are becoming more active and striving for the best. Fifth, health is weakening every year. Ecology, quality of nutrition and treatment, psycho-emotional living conditions lead to the fact that children are already born sick. And physical education and sports can at least somehow maintain good health and well-being.

Accepted healing methods include hardening and exercise.

So, for example, a set of dosed physical exercises is known, including hardening elements (RU 2140249, 10.27.1999, prototype). The individual warm-up time parameter is calculated taking into account the time of perspiration on the distal end of the forearm. Then the children are taken out into the freezing air. The first cooling cycle is carried out without stopping the run, with the inclusion of game elements and rubbing with snow, the second and third cycles include taking snow baths. The first and second cooling cycles spend 30-40 s. In the third cycle, the cooling time is increased by 10-20 s. The warm-up time in the second and third cycles is reduced in comparison with the time of the first cycle by 60-65 s.

However, such techniques often do not allow achieving significant results or the effects achieved are short-term, which is due, in particular, to such reasons as:

- conservative authoritarian-group methods of organizing the physical education of children with unpromising, devoid of motivation, performance assessment in physical education;

- insufficient or excessive motor activity.

As our studies have shown, when choosing a type of sporting activity for a child, it must be remembered that the choice of sporting activity should not be a coercive measure, but should be determined by the interests of the children, to foster initiative, independence, and creative attitude. As a result of this, the methodology of educational work with children should generally be aimed at maximizing the child’s abilities, satisfying his needs and interests in a certain type of sporting activity, and in a comprehensive manner solve the problems of psychophysical improvement of the body, improving health, educating and forming a harmoniously developed personality .

In addition, in choosing a health-improving technique, it is important to follow the approach when students are offered such forms of physical activity that bring the greatest pleasure to students (“pleasure-effect” strategy).

These effects can be achieved by the method of health gymnastics, implemented using horse riding.

The technical results achieved by the implementation of the developed methodology are:

1. the development of the musculoskeletal corset of the child, improving flexibility

2. increasing the child's sociability and adaptive abilities, resulting in improved learning abilities

3. general strengthening effect,

4. Improving coordination of movements and spatial orientation.

The achievement of the above results is due to the effects inherent in both hippotherapy itself and the set of exercises developed by us in the aggregate.

Hippotherapy is a neurophysiologically oriented therapy using a horse (from the Greek hippos - horse). A horse walking in step serves as a means of reproducing motor activity.

Hippotherapy has incorporated elements of well-known physiotherapeutic methods. However, it is distinguished by its originality, its complex nature. Hippotherapy is a complex effect involving the entire body of the rider (shoulder girdle, arms, legs, head position) in activity, reproducing many of the motor patterns characteristic of him.

An essential feature of straightening the torso in a sitting position is that the legs do not carry body weight. This balanced body position is a prerequisite for receiving and reproducing the correct motor impulses that come through the legs and hips. Riding in steps allows you to reproduce the movements typical of a person when walking, but under the additional condition that the legs do not carry body weight. Stimulation of the movements characteristic of a person when walking affects the functioning of the pelvis. The forward movement of the horse allows you to positively affect both the torso and the gait of the rider. A unique combination of rhythmic oscillatory, i.e. ordered movements, affects the body of the rider.

When implementing recreational activities, the technique used (a set of measures) is also important.

So, the age-related features of the physical development of children of senior preschool and primary school age determine the use of certain principles for constructing the educational process. The basis of classes with children of this age group (5-7 years) is physical activity, which activates the activity of all functional systems, stimulates the growth, development and formation of the body, supports overall performance.

When conducting training sessions, it is necessary to take into account the anatomical features of the development of children of this age, namely, during this period, the musculoskeletal system is strengthened; cartilage is gradually replaced by bone; significantly increased body weight and muscle strength. In this regard, at the initial stages of horseback riding it is necessary to avoid sharp turns and inclinations with the body back, sharp jerky movements. The incompleteness of the bone formation process requires carefully preserving the development of the bone skeleton during the classes, preventing the occurrence of deformations of the spine, chest, pelvic bones and limbs. Excessive physical activity negatively affects the development of the skeleton, delays the growth of bones and causes their curvature. That is why many experts do not recommend horseback riding lessons for children under six years old.

Physical activity for children of this age should be dynamic and cover, if possible, a large number of muscle groups. The load should be distributed evenly on the muscles of the arms, legs and torso. Exercises should be performed from different starting positions, alternating pace, speed and number of repetitions. Prolonged physical and mental stress can adversely affect the activity of the heart and lead to a violation of cardiac activity. Therefore, great care must be taken when dosing physical activity on the child's body.

It is important to consider that the subjective feeling of physical discomfort leads to a sharp decrease in the effectiveness of training. The trainer must be sure that the child is comfortable at a given time, and nothing bothers him.

Features of this age are such that the leading activity of the child at this age is the game. Those classes that will be held with the young horseman must be beaten.

The methodology of recreational gymnastics using horse riding for children of preschool and primary school age has its own characteristics. At the initial stages of classes, it is necessary to induce positive emotional experiences and satisfaction from physical culture and sports activities. This is achieved by selecting such tools and methods that would correspond to their interests, are accessible and understandable, and the learning process itself is based on the consciousness and activity of the students. At the same time, they must assimilate the proposed material with a certain stress, otherwise the learning process ceases to entice them.

Starting from the first lesson, the requirements for all students are the same, timely and correctly apply the methods of coercion, punishment and encouragement. It is important to say about the reward system - it is necessary to reward a child even for an unsuccessful exercise. The trainer needs to maintain and form the correct self-esteem in the child, to make him understand that he can actually do a lot, though not everything, but a lot.

Classes should be carried out emotionally, with the introduction of new elements in each lesson, with the setting of a task for each student.

The main means of physical education are complexes of special and general developmental exercises that are performed on horseback. The combination of motor activity and a positive emotional state during classes contributes to the comprehensive development, the formation of courage, dexterity, cause a lot of emotions, feelings that will forever remain in the child's memory.

Specially selected exercises and games on horseback and in direct contact with her stimulate the child’s desire to listen, study, work, and also influence the formation of psychophysiological status. As shown by numerous studies, there is a direct correlation between the level of physical fitness and mental development of the child, motor activity stimulates perceptual, intellectual processes, rhythmic movements train the pyramidal and extrapyramidal systems. Children with a large amount of motor activity in the daily regimen are characterized by an average and high level of physical development, adequate indicators of the central nervous system, economical functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, increased immune resistance, and a low incidence of colds.

The program of wellness exercises developed by us with the use of horse riding provides:

- In the classroom a bareback horse is used;

- coordination and fine motor exercises are performed on a horse standing still, and the rest: both in place and at a step.

- The lesson is attended by: instructor, horse-drawn guide and rider;

- the time of the lesson is no more than 30 minutes, individually.

Improving gymnastics is carried out in accordance with the general methodological rules for constructing the training process:

1. Knowledge of the individual characteristics of each student.

2. Systematic.

3. Regularity.

4. Duration.

5. Moderation (moderate but prolonged loads are more justified than reinforced and concentrated with increased density in a short period of time).

6. Consistent increase in load during the training process, complication over time.

7. Individualization (taking into account age, initial level of training).

8. Novelty (10-15% - new exercises, 85% - already mastered exercises to consolidate).

9. Cyclicity (alternate with rest pauses, change the load density).

The initial stage of wellness gymnastics using horseback riding

The age-related features of the physical development of children also determine the use of certain principles for constructing the educational process.

The basis of classes with children is physical activity, which activates the activity of all functional systems, stimulates the growth, development and formation of the body, supports overall performance.

The greatest success in the classroom can be achieved with a conscious, interested attitude of the child to physical exercises, including horse riding. Therefore, the trainer should encourage the initiative, independence and desire of the child to communicate with the horse during the training process.

A set of exercises for children of preschool and primary school age and the methodology for their implementation on horseback, standing still and walking. For some exercises, a special edge is used.

Balance exercises

When performing exercises for balance, the position of the hands can be different: to the side, behind the head, behind the back, on the belt, etc., the child is on the horse. You can enable body turns left and right.

A distinctive feature of this exercise is the need to maintain balance while riding a step and not being fixed with hands (without the help of hands).

Fine motor development exercises

While riding a step we perform the following exercises:

Exercise 1.

Tie and untie the knots on the occasion.

Exercise 2.

We fasten and unfasten the buckles on the occasion.

Exercise 3.

Weave tapes of different sizes and colors into the mane.

Exercise 4.

We put on and take off the gloves, fasten and unzip the zipper on the vest.

Ball exercises

Exercise 1.

Riding a horse in a child's hands in an inflatable ball. At the signal “Quit!” The child throws a ball at the target. The reference point for throwing can be various objects - pins, cubes, barrel, etc. You can put several balls next to each other to increase the number of shots in one go. At the end of the throw, the child can dismount from the horse, collect the balls and again ride.

Exercise 2.

1. Throw the ball up and catch it with both hands.

2. Throw the ball up and, while it is flying, clap your hands in front of you.

3. Throw and catch the ball only with your right or only with your left hand.

Mill exercise

Alternate transplantation on a horse in different directions.

Exercise develops coordination of movements.

Exercise 1. Don't Drop

The task of maintaining a stable balance: horse riding "snake" with an object on his head, arms to the sides (or on the belt).

Exercise 2. Get into the basket

A child riding a horse gets up at a distance of 1.5 meters from the basket or barrel kicks the balls into the basket - with one right or left hand from the bottom up.

The main stage of recreational gymnastics using horse riding

Breathing exercises

Exercise for breathing is useful not only for the prevention of colds, they also contribute to the formation of the child's proper breathing. It is recommended to perform breathing exercises at the beginning and at the end of the lesson, and also repeating after the completion of every 2-3 exercises.

A feature of these exercises is that the respiratory movements must be synchronized with the movements of the arms and body.

Exercise 1.

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, arms are lowered.

1. Raise outstretched arms through the sides - inhale

2. Lower outstretched arms down - exhale

Repeat 3-5 times

Exercise 2.

I.p .: lying on his back, legs pressed to the sides of the horse, eyes closed, hands on his stomach

1. Slowly and smoothly inhale - while the tummy is inflated

2. Slowly and smoothly exhale - while the tummy is pulled

Repeat 3-5 times

Exercise 3.

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, arms are lowered, try to relax

1. Take a deep breath and hold your breath as much as possible.

2. Exhale

Repeat 5-10 times.

Exercises for the development of major muscle groups

Neck Muscle Exercise

Contribute to the development of flexibility, relieve fatigue and stiffness.

Exercise 1.

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides, hands on the belt

1. Head tilted forward

2. I.p.

3. Head tilt to the right

4. I.p.

5. Tilt your head to the left

6. I.p.

7. Tilt your head back

8. I.p.

Repeat 5-6 times

Exercise 2

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the arms above his head are closed “into the castle”

1. Head tilted forward

2. I.p.

3. Head tilt to the right

4. I.p.

5. Tilt your head to the left

6. I.p.

7. Tilt your head back

8. I.p.

Repeat 5-6 times

Exercise 3

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Slowly tilt your head forward

2. Move the semicircle head

3. Slowly tilt your head back

4. Move the semicircle

Repeat 5-6 times in both directions.

Exercises for the upper limbs

Contribute to the development of hand movement coordination, develop muscle strength, help develop large motor skills.

Exercise 1

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, arms are lowered along the body.

1. Hands through the sides up

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 2

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the hands are clenched into a fist and pressed to the shoulders.

1. Extension of arms up.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 3

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the right hand is raised up, the left is lowered.

1. Changing the position of the hands.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 4

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands in front of themselves are bent at the elbows, hands at the shoulders.

1. Circular motion with bent arms forward

2. I.p.

3. Circular movements with bent arms back.

4. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 5

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the arms are straightened forward.

1. Cross movements of the hands - abduction to the sides.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 6

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the arms are bent at the elbows in front of the chest, the fingers touch the tips of the elbows, the palms are straight

1. Abduction of elbows jerking back.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 7

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Turn the body to the right.

2. I.p.

3. Turn the body to the left.

4. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 8

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, arms are lowered along the body.

1. Circular movements of the hands forward.

2. I.p.

3. Circular movements of the hands back.

4. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 9

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, the arms are bent at the elbows, the hands are clenched into a fist, the left hand is in front, the right is behind.

1. Alternate extension of the arms forward - “Boxing”.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 10

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, arms are lowered along the body.

1. Clap of outstretched arms overhead.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 11

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Take your elbows back.

2. Bend in the back.

3. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 12

I.p .: the arms are bent in front of the chest with the palms rest in the croup of the horse.

1. Extend your arms at your elbows, raise your head and shoulders.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 13

I.p .: lying on his back, legs pressed to the sides of the horse, head straight, arms straightened up in front of the chest.

1. Abstraction of outstretched arms to the sides.

2. Crossing hands.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 14

I.p .: the back is straight, the legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands are behind.

1. Hands straighten forward, palms up.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercises for the lower extremities

Exercises develop flexibility of joints, hips, knees, ankles, develop leg muscles.

Exercise 1

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Alternate bending of the leg at the knee, until touching the thigh of the leg.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 2

I.p .: to sit facing the horse’s croup, the back is straight, the legs are straightened on the horse’s back, the hands are back in focus on the edge.

1. To spread apart and cross straight legs - “scissors”.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 3

I.p .: to sit facing the horse’s croup, hands behind in an emphasis on the edge, legs straightened on the horse’s back.

1. Alternate flexion and extension of the legs in the air with pulling the knees to the stomach - “Bicycle”.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 4

I.p .: to sit astride back (facing the horse’s croup), arms behind in focus on the edge.

1. make the swing straight legs up

2. make cotton feet over the horse’s croup

3. lower your legs to the starting position

4. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 5

I.p .: the soles of the feet on the horse’s back, legs are straightened, arms are resting on the edge, the back is straight, the head is slightly raised

1. squats

2. return to starting position.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercises for the muscles of the body

Strengthen the muscles of the back, abdominals.

Exercise 1

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Torso forward to the neck of the horse.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 2

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. The tilt of the body back onto the horse’s back.

2. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 3

I.p .: the back is straight, legs are pressed to the sides of the horse, hands on the belt.

1. Turn the body to the right

2. I.p.

3. Turn the body to the left.

4. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

Exercise 4

I.p .: lying on the stomach across the horse, head down, arms straightened forward, straight legs connected.

1. Raise the head and arms while raising the straightened legs.

2. Hold in this position for several seconds.

3. I.p.

Repeat 6-8 times.

The specific exercises presented are provided as illustrative examples. Moreover, each stage may include other exercises. The above sequence of exercises also does not affect the achieved result and may be different.

To assess the physical condition of children 6-7 years old, we have developed the following structure of the assessment scale, which allows to determine the level of physical fitness of each child in both qualitative and quantitative assessments (in points and percent of his due age-gender level, taken as 100 %) (Table 1).

The test is considered to be performed at a result level of 70% or more from the due age-gender indicator. Children with the development of physical qualities above 100% are considered as a group of children with a high level of physical fitness. Children with a level of preparedness below the 70% threshold showed the greatest difficulties in mastering the educational material, and their physical preparation is rated as “below average” and “low”. Table 2 shows the data of testing conducted after 3 months of training at least three times a week according to the developed methodology.

In addition, other studies have been conducted. The study involved 14 children from 6 to 8 years old (5 boys and 9 girls) who were engaged in the developed program (table 3).

Classes were held three times a week from September to May. The duration of one lesson is 30 minutes. Classes were held on the spot and on the step. Before and after the health course, a study of children was conducted (table 4).

Analysis of the nervous system according to the results of a survey

After analyzing the questionnaire data before the experiment, we obtained the following results: from the nervous system, sleep disturbance was detected in 70.5%, frequent headaches in 64.7%. Frequent bad mood was detected in 23.5%, low sociability - in 64.7%.

After the experiment: improved sleep by 90%, reduced frequent insomnia by 100%; reduction of frequent headaches by 90.4%; 100% reduction in frequent dizziness; 100% improvement in mood; improved communication characteristics by 96.7%.

For a comparative assessment, we analyzed the results of a survey of a group of children (16 people aged 6 to 8 years) who were involved in physical therapy with a biological connection. A survey was also conducted before the course and after the course of exercises. As a result, it was found that after 3 months of classes: improvement in sleep was noted in 60%, a decrease in frequent insomnia in 80%; reduction in frequent headaches in 74%; mood improvement was noted in 76%; improvement in outgoing characteristics was noted in 34%.

Claims (3)

1. A method of healing children of preschool and primary school age with the use of riding, including performing exercises on a bareback horse,
at the same time, they master the exercises of the initial stage, including the implementation of exercises: to coordinate movements while maintaining equilibrium without fixing with hands; on the development of fine motor skills using elements of equestrian ammunition and personal clothing; exercises with the ball - throwing at the target, catching the ball; exercise "Mill" - alternate transplantation on a horse in different directions;
after mastering the exercises of the initial stage, they proceed to mastering the exercises of the main stage, which includes breathing exercises, synchronizing their performance with the movements of the arms and body, after mastering the breathing exercises, they are performed at the beginning and at the end of each lesson and after every 2-3 physical exercises during lessons,
further master and perform exercises aimed at developing the muscles of the neck, upper, lower limbs, trunk,
coordination and fine motor exercises are performed at the horse’s step, while the rest are performed on the horse standing still and on the step. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the time for one lesson is at least 30 minutes. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that not more than 15% of the time of each occupation of the main stage is new or unexplored exercises, the rest is mastered exercises.