RU2588265C1 - Method of poultry eggs incubation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: poultry; agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to poultry eggs incubation in agriculture. Eggs are collected and put into incubator for incubation up to 10-days at temperature and moisture conditions. From 1st to 5th day incubation is performed at temperature of 39.4-39.5 °C and relative humidity of 64-66 %. From 6th to 10th day incubation is performed at temperature of 37.6 °C and humidity 53 %.

EFFECT: higher volume allantoic and amniotic fluid and improved quality of embryos.

1 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the incubation of eggs of poultry.

Today in Russia, as in many countries of the world, there are problems of the veterinary state of poultry enterprises; the situation for a number of diseases is very unstable.

The main means of specific prevention of infectious diseases is vaccination. Amniotic fluid - allantoic and amniotic (extraembryonic fluid) of developing embryos is used for vaccine production.

The widespread use of poultry embryos for vaccine production is more than justified, since an egg is an inexpensive and affordable material compared to laboratory animals, and its components - shell, shell membranes, and lysozyme contained in protein - reliable protection of the embryo from bacterial infection.

The prototype adopted "Method for the selection of chicken embryos", patent No. 2463591, in which the method of increasing the volume of extraembryonic fluid is achieved first by assessing the diameter of the embryos at 18-19 hours and subsequent selection of embryos at 63-64 hours of incubation with a certain size of the vascular field of the yolk sac and a certain difference between the diameters of this field and the germ.

The disadvantages of the prototype is the low-tech application of this method in an industrial environment, since it will be necessary to interrupt the incubation process first at the 18-19th and then at the 63-64th hour, while removing the egg trays from the incubation cabinets, then ovoscopy the eggs, and this operation is carried out in a dark room, only eggs are highlighted; in this case, it will be necessary to individually measure the diameters of the vascular fields and the embryos themselves, which takes a lot of time, then again resume the incubation process, with the egg already cooled during the operations described. At the same time, scientific evidence should be taken into account, which indicates that in the first 96 hours of development, external influences on the embryo — mechanical, temperature, can destroy them, or cause nonspecific triggers that cause manifestations of a response already encoded in the cells of the induced tissue (Krok G.S. Influence of temperature incubation disturbances on embryogenesis of agricultural birds / G.S. Krok // Collection of scientific works of Kharkov Zoovet Institute, 1967. - v. 26. - P. 17-24).

In addition, to obtain vaccines, eggs are currently used not only with white, but also with brown shells, for example, Lohmann brown, Bird crosses, etc., in which the determination of the size of vascular fields is very difficult. And in industrial conditions, when working with a large batch of eggs, the number of which can reach 90 or more thousand pieces, this method is extremely time-consuming and in practice unacceptable.

The objective of the invention is to increase the volume of amniotic fluid - allantoic and amniotic (extraembryonic fluid) and the quality of the embryos.

The classic generally accepted mode for incubation of farm poultry eggs is considered to be stable mode, during which the temperature is 37.6 ° C and relative humidity is maintained at 53.6% over the entire incubation period (from 1 to 18 days) (Incubation technology of farm poultry eggs: Methodical instructions / Instructions developed by V.I. Fisinin, L.F. Dyadichkina, Yu.S. Goldin, N.S. Pozdnyakova, T.A. Melekhina, etc. - Sergiev Posad, 2011. - 87 p). Inside the incubators, the working temperature limits are 37.2-38.0 ° C (Burtov, Yu.Z. Egg incubation: Reference book / Yu.Z. Burtov, Yu.S. Goldin, I.P. Krivopishin. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1990 .-- 239 p.).

It should be borne in mind that during the incubation of eggs, heat generation by them during the embryonic period occurs unevenly. So, for example, according to available data (Krivopishin I.P. Incubation / I.P. Krivopishin, K.V. Zlochevskaya. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1990. - P. 48-49) at an air temperature in the incubator of 38 ° C , the temperature inside the egg was below 37.3 ° C, but on the 6th day the internal egg temperature rose to 37.9 ° C. In the first days of incubation, the necessary heat is removed from the surrounding air. Only after 6 days of incubation can eggs give off excess heat to the air. So, heat transfer on the 5th day of incubation per 1000 eggs is 13.4 kJ / h, on the 6th - already 25.1 kJ / h, that is, 1.9 times more. Further, with increasing age of the embryos, the heat transfer by the eggs increased significantly.

Therefore, taking into account the above data when solving the problem, incubation of eggs after 5 days at elevated temperature is impractical, since it can lead to overheating of the eggs and cause uncontrolled growth of both individual organs and the embryo itself.

Another equally important factor in incubation is the relative humidity. High humidity in the early days of incubation, when the egg is not protected from water loss due to evaporation, promotes the growth of the embryo. Humidity also favorably affects the growth of allantois and the amount of allantoic fluid. In the first days of incubation, water should be kept in the egg as much as possible. An increase in relative humidity after 6 days delays the growth of embryos, therefore incubation of eggs in conditions of high humidity from this age is impractical.

Concrete example

2 series of experiments were carried out on 4 groups of chicken eggs. The eggs of the control group were incubated under the usual regimen.

The experiments were carried out in the experimental incubator of the incubation department of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution VNITIP. 400 pieces of PS-789 cross-eggs of average weight 62.0 ± 2.0 g were used. The temperature and humidity in the incubator were measured using a PS-14 psychrometer and multi-point remote sensors. The experimental design is shown in table 1.

In the 1st group, the first 5 days of incubation maintained an elevated temperature of 39.4-39.5 ° C, with a generally accepted humidity of 53%.

In the 2nd experimental group, in the first 5 days, the humidity was increased to 64-66% at a generally accepted temperature of 37.6 ° C.

In the 3rd group, in the first 5 days of incubation, a temperature of 39.4-39.5 ° C and a relative humidity of 64-66% were maintained.

It should be borne in mind that during the incubation of eggs, heat generation by them during the embryonic period occurs unevenly. In the first days of incubation, the necessary heat is removed from the surrounding air. Only after 6 days of incubation can eggs give off excess heat to the air. So, heat transfer on the 5th day of incubation per 1000 eggs is 13.4 kJ / h, on the 6th - already 25.1 kJ / h, that is, 1.9 times more. Further, with increasing age of the embryos, the heat transfer by the eggs increased significantly.

Therefore, taking into account the above data when solving the problem, incubation of eggs after 5 days at elevated temperature is impractical, since it can lead to overheating of the eggs and cause uncontrolled growth of both individual organs and the embryo itself.

As for humidity, its increase after 6 days delays the growth of embryos.

Based on the foregoing, we recommend that on the 6th day of incubation, return to the generally accepted regime, namely, a temperature of 37.6 ° C and a relative humidity of 53%.

The research results are shown in table 2.

2. Opening rates of 10-day-old chicken embryos

The studies revealed that an increase in the first 5 days of incubation of temperature to 39.4-39.5 ° C and humidity to 64-66% leads to an increase in the volumes of allantoic and amniotic fluids and the mass of the embryo. As can be seen from the studies, in the 3rd experimental group, their volumes were maximum.

Claims (1)

A method of incubating eggs of poultry, including the selection of eggs, laying in an incubator and incubation up to 10 days old at temperature and humidity conditions, characterized in that from 1 to 5 days the incubation is carried out at a temperature of 39.4-39.5 ° C and relative humidity 64-66%, and from 6 to 10 days at a temperature of 37.6 ° C and humidity 53%.