RU2586909C1 - Cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to cultivators and tillers, designed for soil cultivation in home gardens or farms. Cultivator comprises working member (1) with reducer (2), steering handle (5), and power unit (7) comprising internal combustion engine (8) and gear (10) to output shaft coaxially connected via clutch with input shaft (3) of reduction gear (2). Cultivator is equipped with damper of vibrations of power unit (7) made, for example, in form of elastic elements (17), through which power unit (7) interacts with reduction gear housing (2) with possibility of its reciprocal-rotary oscillating motion relative to reduction gear (2) in plane perpendicular to axis of rotation of output shaft of internal combustion engine (8). Elastic elements (17) are made and installed relative to power unit (7) and housing with possibility of their elastic deformation in direction of vibrations of power unit (7). Presence of said damper of vibrations provides protection of steering handles (5) of vibration loads created by internal combustion engine (8), as well as protection of steering handles (5), transmission and internal combustion engine (8) of impact loads generated by working element (1) in processing of uneven and non-homogeneous sections of soil.

EFFECT: furthermore, such design improves working conditions of operator, higher efficiency of soil treatment and longevity of transmission and internal combustion engine (8).

22 cl, 18 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and more particularly to motor cultivators and walk-behind tractors with a drive of working bodies from an internal combustion engine, intended for tillage on personal plots or farms.

An urgent problem in the operation of cultivators equipped with an internal combustion engine is the fight against vibration of the steering arms of the cultivator transmitted from the internal combustion engine and adversely affecting the operator operating such a cultivator. Another significant problem of such cultivators is the negative impact on their transmission and drive motor of shock loads transmitted by the tillage rotary working bodies of the cultivator when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil. Such shock loads disrupt operation and reduce the durability of the transmission and cultivator drive motor. However, these shock loads are transmitted through the transmission of the cultivator and its steering knobs, which increases the negative impact on the operator from vibration of the steering knobs of the cultivator. As a result of this negative impact, the productivity of the soil cultivation process decreases and the health of the cultivator operator deteriorates.

A cultivator is known in which in order to reduce the vibration level on the steering handle of the cultivator between the internal combustion engine mounted on the housing and the steering knobs attached to this housing through a flange, a sound-absorbing screen is mounted, mounted on a spring vibration-absorbing bracket, the lower part of which is fixed between the specified flange and the casing, and between the specified flange and the casing a gasket of damping material is installed (patent RU 2249321, IPC A01B 33/00, publ. 04/10/2005).

The known cultivator does not provide the necessary protection for the operator from vibration of the steering arms of the cultivator created by the internal combustion engine, which is due to the weak damping properties of the vibration damping bracket and gasket installed between the flange and the housing. At the same time, this cultivator does not have the means of protection against shock loads acting on the part of the rotary working bodies of the cultivator when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil.

A cultivator is known in which in order to absorb shock loads transmitted to the transmission and steering handles of the cultivator from the side of its rotary working bodies when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil, the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox of the tillage working body of the cultivator through an elastic vibration-proof coupling ( application for invention JPH 10271901 (A), IPC A01B 33/02, 33/08, publ. 10/13/1998).

This cultivator does not provide the necessary protection for the operator from vibration of the steering arms of the cultivator created by the drive internal combustion engine.

Cultivators are also known, equipped with various damping devices designed to protect the steering knobs of the cultivator from vibration created by a drive internal combustion engine (patents: US 6540031 (B1), IPC A01B 33/00, publ. 01.04.2003; CN 202085452 (U ), IPC A01B 33/08, publ. 12/28/2011; CN 202050662 (U), IPC A01B 76/00, publ. 11/30/2011; FR 2673588 (B1), IPC B62D 1/02, 51 / 06, published on May 28, 1993).

A common disadvantage of such cultivators is the unacceptably high level of vibration for the operator’s steering handles of the cultivator created by the drive internal combustion engine, due to the remoteness of the location of these damping devices from the drive engine, as well as their low damping properties. Another disadvantage of these cultivators is the inability to absorb shock loads transmitted to the transmission, the drive engine and steering handles of the cultivator from its rotary working bodies when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil. As a result, the operator’s work is difficult, which leads to a decrease in the rate of cultivation of the soil by the cultivator. Along with this, the increased vibration of the steering arms of the cultivator negatively affects the health of the operator, which reduces its working capacity.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed cultivator is a cultivator adopted for the prototype, comprising a frame with a tillage working body mounted on it, equipped with a gearbox with an input shaft, steering cultivator handles mounted relative to the specified frame, and a power unit mounted on the specified frame and including a drive internal combustion engine and gearbox mounted on said engine from the side of the output shaft of the latter with the possibility of drive from this shaft and provided the output shaft kinematically connected with the input shaft of the gearbox of the specified working body (patent GB 2105815 (B), IPC A01B 33/08, 61/00; F16D 7/06, 7/10; F16H 1/36, 35/10, publ. 03/30/1983).

The cultivator adopted for the prototype does not provide the protection of the cultivator steering arms necessary for normal operation of the cultivator from vibration loads of medium and high frequencies acting on these arms from the drive of an internal combustion engine, which is explained by the lack of technical equipment necessary for such protection in the cultivator. In addition, this cultivator also does not provide protection for its steering handles, transmission and drive engine from low-frequency shock loads transmitted to the transmission, the drive engine and steering handles of the cultivator on the part of its rotary working bodies when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil, which is caused by the absence of cultivator of technical means necessary for such protection.

As a result of the impact on the steering handles of the cultivator of vibration loads from the drive motor and low-frequency impulse loads from the working bodies of the cultivator, the operator’s work is hindered, as a result of which the cultivator is slowed down. In addition, the impact of these dynamic loads on the steering sticks of the cultivator worsens the health of the operator and reduces his ability to work. However, the impact on the transmission and the drive motor of the cultivator of the indicated low-frequency shock loads disrupts their operation and reduces their durability. Another disadvantage of the cultivator of the prototype is the high noise level both from the drive motor and transmission, and from the tillage working bodies, due to the lack of damping means in the cultivator of vibration-causing vibration loads created by the specified engine and shock loads created by these working bodies .

In addition, in the cultivator of the prototype there is no possibility of adjusting the depth of tillage by the cultivating working body of the cultivator, as a result of which the functionality of the cultivator is limited. However, when adjusting the height of the steering handle of the cultivator relative to the cultivated land, the angle of inclination of the steering handle of the cultivator changes, which in some cases may be inconvenient for the operator to work and, as a result, may worsen the ergonomic performance of the cultivator.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a cultivator, the design of which provides protection for the steering handles from vibration loads created by an internal combustion engine that drives the working bodies of the cultivator, as well as protecting the steering handles, transmission and the specified engine of the cultivator from shock loads created by the working bodies of the cultivator when processing uneven and heterogeneous patches of soil.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the proposed cultivator containing a tillage working body equipped with a gearbox with an input shaft, steering knobs of the cultivator mounted relative to the specified gearbox, and a power unit mounted preferably on the specified gearbox and including an internal combustion engine and gearbox mounted on the specified the engine from the side of the output shaft of the latter with the possibility of drive from this shaft and equipped with an output shaft kinematically connected to the input the scrap of the gearbox of the specified working body, in contrast to the prototype, is equipped with a vibration damper of the power unit formed as a result of the pulsed flow of the working process in the specified engine and the pulsed change in the load on the said working body and directed tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit engine, wherein the vibration damper is made in the form of at least one elastic element through which the power unit interacts with the gear of the said working body the possibility of a reciprocating oscillatory movement of the power unit relative to the gearbox of the said working body in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power block engine, each of the elastic elements forming the specified vibration damper is made and installed relative to the power block and gearbox of the said working body elastic deformation in the direction of action of the indicated oscillations of the power block transmitted from the latter to the given elastic element.

The following additional essential features of the invention, characterizing the preferred options for the proposed cultivator, related to particular cases of its implementation, contribute to the solution of the problem.

In the cultivator, the output shaft of the power unit engine and the output shaft of the power unit gearbox are directed downward, and the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body rests on the housing of its gearbox through a preferably mounted angular contact bearing installed in the gearbox of the working body, the inner race of which is seated on the lower end of the input shaft of the gearbox working body. In this case, the output shaft of the power unit gearbox is connected through a coupling coaxially with the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body. The power unit rests on the housing of the gearbox of the working body sequentially through the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit, the specified coupling and the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body to ensure their free rotation, and the specified bearing is installed with the exception of the possibility of axial movement and the ability to keep it axial load from the weight of the power unit .

A bearing is mounted in the lower part of the power unit gearbox housing with its inner race fitting on the output shaft of the power unit gearbox, and the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body is preferably placed in a tubular housing, the lower end of which is fixed to the gearbox of the working body. Moreover, the specified tubular housing is located coaxially with the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body, in the upper part of the specified tubular housing there is a bearing with a fit of its inner race on the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body, and the said bearings are installed with the exception of the possibility of their axial movement.

The cultivator is equipped with a U-shaped cross-sectional bracket with side walls facing upwards, while the upper end of the specified tubular body is fixed to the lower side of the lower wall of the specified bracket with the perpendicular arrangement of the axis of the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body relative to the lower wall of the specified bracket and free passage of this shaft through a through hole made in the bottom wall of the bracket.

In addition, a U-shaped cross-sectional bracket with upper and side walls is fixed on the lower end of the power unit gearbox, so that the side walls of the U-shaped bracket are facing down and parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox, and the upper wall is П- the shaped bracket is mounted on the lower end of the power unit gearbox perpendicular to the axis of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox and a through hole is made in it through which the output shaft of the power unit gearbox freely passes. The part of the U-shaped bracket, on which the upper end of the specified tubular body is fixed, is located inside the specified U-shaped bracket with the formation of free space between each side wall of the U-shaped bracket and the adjacent side wall of the U-shaped bracket mentioned elastic elements.

Each of the elastic elements forming the vibration damper is made of an elastomeric material, for example, rubber in the form of an elastic body, preferably of cylindrical shape, the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit engine, and directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation.

Between each side wall of the U-shaped bracket and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjacent to it, there are two mentioned elastic elements made with flat ends and mounted relative to the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets with the possibility of their elastic compression and with the arrangement of their axes at the idle power block engine is perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets with the formation of two pairs of these elastic elements in said vibration damper x from the upper wall U-shaped bracket. In this case, the elastic elements of each of these pairs are aligned with each other with the power unit engine not running, and the axes of these pairs of elastic elements are located at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox and each of the elastic elements is pressed against one side U -shaped bracket, and the second to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket with the fastening of each of the mentioned elastic elements relative to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket and / or relative to the side wall U-shaped bracket. An axial hole is made in each of the elastic elements, into which a nut is mounted with a radial interference with respect to the elastic element, which is ensured by the specified axial hole of the elastic element with a smaller diameter in comparison with the diameter of the nut. One end of each elastic element is fixed to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket using a threaded fastener made, for example, in the form of a bolt, the threaded part of which passes through a through hole made in the side wall of the U-shaped bracket coaxially with the elastic element, and screwed into the specified nut until it stops against the head of the bolt in the outer surface of the side wall of the U-shaped bracket. At the same time, each of the elastic elements is installed to ensure that the power unit has an adjustable preliminary axial compression when the engine is not running, for which at least one adjusting washer is installed between the end of the elastic element and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjacent to it, through which the axial hole passes a threaded portion of said threaded element.

A cultivator is also possible, according to which between each side shelf of the channel and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjacent to it there is one said elastic element made with a flat end and mounted relative to the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets with the possibility of elastic stretching and with the location of its axis when the power unit engine is not running, perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets. Moreover, for each elastic element, one end is fixed relative to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, and the second is relative to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, and the elastic elements are located at equal distance from the upper wall of the U-shaped bracket, and their axes are located on opposite sides relative to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped bracket, and at an equal distance from this plane. Each elastic element is equipped with threaded fasteners installed at its ends and coaxially with it, each of which contains rigidly and coaxially fastened to each other or made coaxially as one unit, an axial tip with an external thread and a flat disk rigidly fixed with its opposite in relation to to the axial tip side on the elastic element, for example by vulcanization. These fasteners are mounted on the elastic element with the possibility of holding them on the latter when a predetermined axial force is applied to the axial tips of the fasteners, directed to stretch the elastic element and exceed the axial tensile force exerted by the magnitude acting on the elastic element when the power unit engine is running. The axial tips of the fasteners of each elastic element are placed in through holes made in the side wall of the U-shaped bracket and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket coaxially with the elastic element, and come out of these holes outward with their ends onto which the nuts are screwed until each of them stops into the side wall of the U-shaped bracket. In this case, each of the elastic elements is installed to ensure that the power unit has an adjustable preliminary axial compression when the engine is not running, for which adjusting washers are installed coaxially with the ends of the elastic element, through the axial openings of which the axial tips of the said fixing elements pass.

At the same time, it is possible to perform each of these elastic elements of the cultivator, forming the vibration damper, in the form of a compression or tension spring, the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit engine, and is directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation.

Said vibration damper can also be made in the form of a silent block, consisting of coaxially arranged inner and outer bushings, preferably of cylindrical shape and made of an elastomeric material, an elastic insert placed between the bushings and attached to the latter, for example, by vulcanization. In this case, the inner bush of the silent block is fixed on the upper side of the lower wall of the said U-shaped bracket coaxially with the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit with the location of the coupling inside the silent bush of the silent block with the possibility of free rotation, and the outer sleeve of the silent block is fixed on the lower end of the reducer of the power block.

At the same time, said vibration damper can be made in the form of a torsion spring, preferably of cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the power unit gearbox with said clutch located inside said spring with the possibility of free rotation, while the lower end of said spring is fixed on the upper side of the lower wall the said U-shaped bracket, and the upper end is on the lower end of the power unit gearbox.

The U-shaped bracket can be made elongated, for example, in the form of a channel, while the cultivator can be equipped with a cylindrical tubular stand with a vertical or close to vertical arrangement, rigidly fixed with its lower part in the hole made in the lower wall of the specified U-shaped bracket on the end of the latter opposite to the power block. An adjustment rod made in the form of a branch pipe or rod is installed coaxially with it in the lower part of the rack; a L-shaped pin stop or a support wheel with a horizontally directed axis of rotation is attached to its lower end, and the adjustment rod is mounted with the possibility of its rotation and reciprocating movement relative to the specified rack to provide the possibility of adjusting the depth of soil cultivation by the cultivating working body of the cultivator by changing the height of the U-image of the bracket relative to the soil cultivated by the cultivator by means of said reciprocating movement of the adjustment rod. At the same time, said stand is equipped with a fixing element for fixing the position of the adjustment rod relative to the specified stand after adjusting the specified depth, mounted on said stand with the possibility of its interaction with the adjustment rod to enable said fixation of the position of the latter. The specified locking element can be made, for example, in the form of a threaded element, for example, in the form of a bolt mounted perpendicular to the mentioned stand in the threaded hole of the sleeve attached to the specified stand, in which a through hole is made coaxial with the threaded hole of the specified sleeve for easy passage through it the threaded end of the specified bolt with the possibility of stopping the end face of the threaded end of the bolt in the adjustment rod.

In a cultivator equipped with said tubular rack, the steering handles are mounted relative to the gear housing of the said working body by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted on said column by means of a detachable connection with the possibility of rotation and reciprocating movement of the steering column together with the steering knobs of the cultivator relative to the said rack. The specified detachable connection is made, for example, in the form of two half-couplings having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, in each of which a recess is made of a cylindrical shape, the radius of which is close to or equal to the radius of the cross section of the said rack. Moreover, these coupling halves using fasteners, made, for example, in the form of bolts, are mounted on the specified rack opposite each other and with each other with the emphasis of their recesses in the said rack. In addition, the coupling half, located on the side of the steering handles of the cultivator, is rigidly attached to the lower end of the steering column to ensure a given angle of inclination of the latter.

A cultivator is also possible in which the tubular body is cylindrical in shape and the steering knobs of the cultivator are mounted relative to the gearbox of the working body, preferably by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted preferably on the said tubular body and preferably by detachable connection with the possibility of rotation and reciprocating the steering column together with the steering knobs of the cultivator relative to the said tubular body with subsequent fixation of the position of the steering column relative to the specified tubular body.

In such a cultivator, the following two possible embodiments of said vibration damper are possible:

- in the form of several of the said cylindrical elastic elements operating in compression or tension, wherein the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets are made of approximately equal length, preferably sufficient to accommodate the said elastic elements between the side walls of said brackets;

- in the form of one elastic element working on twisting.

In the last version of the cultivator with one elastic element, said vibration damper can be performed, for example:

- in the form of a silent block, consisting of coaxially located inner and outer bushings, preferably of cylindrical shape and made of an elastomeric material, an elastic insert placed between these bushings and attached to the latter, for example, by vulcanization. The outer bush of the silent block is mounted on the lower end of the reducer of the power block, and the inner bush of the silent block is preferably integral with the upper part of the said tubular body, ensuring its coaxial position relative to the output shaft of the reducer of the power block and with the location of the said coupling inside the silent bush of the silent block with free rotation ;

- or in the form of a torsion spring, preferably of cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit with the location of the said clutch inside the specified spring with the possibility of free rotation. Moreover, the upper end of the specified spring is fixed to the lower end of the gearbox of the power unit, and the lower end of the specified spring is fixed relative to the upper end of the said tubular body.

In addition, it is advisable that the gearbox of the working body of the cultivator was made with a gear ratio of 1.0.

At the same time, in any of the possible cultivator options, the output shaft of the power unit gearbox can be connected to the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body by means of an elastic coupling made of high-strength elastomeric material.

Providing the cultivator with the said damper for the tangential vibrations of the power unit generated as a result of the pulsed flow of the working process in the specified engine and the pulsed change in the load on the tillage working tool when processing uneven and inhomogeneous sections of the soil, allows to fully solve the problem of the invention. Moreover, the specified vibration damper provides effective protection of the steering handles from vibration loads created by the drive internal combustion engine. In addition, the presence of the mentioned vibration damper in the cultivator design provides effective protection of the steering handles, transmission and the cultivator drive motor from the negative impact of low-frequency impulse loads acting on the side of the tillage working body through the cultivator transmission when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil.

The connection of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox with the input shaft of the gearbox of the tillage working body using an elastic coupling made of high strength elastomeric material provides additional protection for the steering handles, transmission and cultivator drive motor from the negative effects of low-frequency impulse loads acting from the side of the tillage working body.

The achieved thus protection of the steering knobs of the cultivator from the negative impact of dynamic impulse loads on them from the drive motor and tillage working body provides the technical result of the invention, which consists in improving the working conditions of the operator, thereby maintaining the health of the operator and increasing its performance, thereby increasing productivity cultivating the soil.

However, the achieved protection of the transmission and the drive motor of the cultivator from the indicated impulse loads from the side of the tillage working body provides another technical result of the invention, which consists in increasing the efficiency of the specified transmission and drive motor of the cultivator, which also helps to increase the productivity of cultivating the soil. In addition, the protection of the transmission and the drive motor of the cultivator from the indicated impulse loads from the side of the tillage working body increases the durability of the transmission and the drive motor of the cultivator.

The technical result of the invention is also to reduce the noise level during operation of the cultivator, due to the fact that the said vibration damper of the power unit provides damping of the entire moving system of the cultivator, including the soil cultivating working body, transmission and drive motor.

The implementation of the gearbox of the working body of the cultivator with a gear ratio of 1.0 provides the technical result of the invention, which consists in ensuring high unification of the design of the specified gearbox, improving the operational characteristics of the cultivator by reducing the area of untreated land left behind the cultivator, over which the gearbox of the working body passes, as well as reducing cost and facilitating transportation of the cultivator.

Another technical result of the invention is the provision in it of the possibility of adjusting the depth of tillage by the cultivating working body of the cultivator, thereby expanding the functionality of the cultivator. At the same time, the technical result of the invention is to maintain a predetermined optimum angle of inclination of the steering arms of the cultivator for the operator to work when adjusting the height of their location relative to the cultivated land, which increases the ergonomic characteristics of the cultivator.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

in FIG. 1 is a general view of a cultivator in a perspective view;

in FIG. 2 is a front view of a cultivator;

in FIG. 3 is a side view of a cultivator;

in FIG. 4 - a fragment of the cultivator in a perspective view, revealing the design of the vibration damper of the power unit and the kinematic connection of the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit with the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body of the cultivator;

in FIG. 5 is a section Α-A in FIG. 3, shown for the initial position of said vibration damper;

in FIG. 6 is a section Α-A in FIG. 3, corresponding to the moment of the working cycle in the internal combustion engine (ICE) of the power unit;

in FIG. 7 is a section Α-A in FIG. 3, corresponding to the time of the compression stroke in the internal combustion engine of the power unit;

in FIG. 8 is a fragment in a perspective view of a variant of a cultivator without a lower working part equipped with said vibration damper in the form of tensile elastic elements;

in FIG. 9 is a sectional view Α-A in FIG. 3 for the cultivator shown in FIG. 8;

in FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of I in FIG. 9;

in FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a variant of a cultivator with said vibration damper made in the form of an silent block;

in FIG. 12 is an enlarged view II of FIG. eleven;

in FIG. 13 is an enlarged view of a variant II of FIG. eleven;

in FIG. 14 is a side view of a cultivator with fastening steering sticks relative to the gearbox of the working body;

in FIG. 15 is a general view in perspective view of the cultivator with the fastening of the steering handles relative to the gearbox of the working body;

in FIG. 16 is a side view of FIG. 15 cultivator, presented in relation to a variant of the cultivator equipped with a vibration damper made in the form of a torsion spring;

in FIG. 17 is an enlarged view III of FIG. fifteen;

in FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of a variant III in FIG. fifteen.

In accordance with the invention, the cultivator contains a tillage working body 1 (Fig. 1), equipped with a gear 2 (Fig. 2) with an input shaft 3 (Fig. 3) and an output shaft 4, steering knobs 5, fixed relative to the gear 2, and installed preferably on the gearbox 2, the power unit 7, including the internal combustion engine 8 with the output shaft 9 and the gearbox 10, mounted on the engine 8 from the side of the output shaft 9 of the latter with the possibility of drive from the shaft 9. The input shaft 11 of the gearbox 10 is connected through a clutch 12 with weekend va scrap 9 of the engine 8, the output shaft 9 of the engine 8 and the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 are directed downward, and the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 is coaxially connected by means of a clutch 14 to the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 of the working body 1. In the gearbox 2, the input shaft 3 is connected to the output shaft 4 through bevel gears 15 and 16 (Fig. 4) installed in the housing 6 of the gearbox 2.

The cultivator is equipped with a vibration damper of the power unit 7, formed as a result of a pulsed flow of the working process in the engine 8 and a pulsed change in the load on the tillage working tool 1, and directed tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8. The oscillation damper is made in the form of elastic elements 17, through which the power unit interacts with the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 with the possibility of a reciprocating oscillatory motion of the power unit 7 relative to the gearbox 2 in the plane ty, perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8. Moreover, each of the elastic elements 17 forming the specified vibration damper is made and installed relative to the power unit 7 and the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 with the possibility of its elastic deformation in the direction of action of the indicated oscillations of the power unit 7, transmitted from the latter to a given elastic element 17.

To ensure the possibility of the aforementioned reciprocating oscillatory movement of the power unit 7 relative to the gearbox 2, without which it is impossible to damp the tangential vibrations of the power unit 7, the proposed cultivator excludes the rigid connection of the power unit 7 with the gearbox 2. It was taken into account that the power support option unit 7 to the gearbox 2 through the elastic elements 17 is not rational, because it creates an excessively high load on the elastic elements 17 from the weight of the power unit 7, which excludes the possibility normal functioning of said vibration damper.

In this regard, the proposed cultivator uses a different version of the support of the power unit 7, according to which the power unit 7 is based on the gearbox 2 through a movable system of rotating parts of the cultivator.

To ensure the specified conditions of support of the power unit 7 to the gearbox 2 on the lower side of the housing 18 of the gearbox 10 of the power unit 7, a flange 19 is fixed with an axial hole for free passage of the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10. A bearing 20 is mounted in the specified axial hole of the flange 19 with its inner race fit on the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10. In this case, the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 is preferably placed in a tubular housing 21, the lower end of which is made with a flange 22 connected to the upper part of the housing 6 of the gearbox 2, and the tubular housing 21 located coaxially with the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2, and the flange 22 is made with an axial hole for free passage of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2.

The upper end of the tubular housing 21 is made with a flange 23 having an axial hole for free passage of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2. To impart radial rigidity to the rotating system, including the shaft 13, the coupling 14 and the shaft 3, a bearing 24 is mounted in the specified axial bore of the flange 23. its inner casing on the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2.

The lower end of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 of the working body 1 is supported on the housing 6 of the gearbox 2, preferably through an angular contact bearing 25, the inner race of which is mounted on the lower end of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2, and the outer race is installed in the axial bore of the flange 22. In this case, the bearings 20, 24 and 25 are installed with the exception of the possibility of their axial movement, which uses well-known technical methods of axial locking of bearings relative to their housings and shafts, for example, supporting collars, landing of the inner race under a rosehip on the shaft with tightness, snap rings installed in grooves, etc. At the same time, at least the lowest bearing 25 from among the bearings 20, 24 and 25 is made and installed with the possibility of keeping the axial load directed downward from the weight of the power unit 7. In this case, the bearing 25 serves to exclude the friction moment in the place of support of the lower end of input shaft 3 of gearbox 2.

With this design, the system for connecting the power unit 7 to the gearbox 2, the power unit 7 is supported on the gearbox 2 through a movable system of rotating parts of the cultivator, which includes the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10, the coupling 14 and the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 in series. Next, the axial load from the weight of the power unit 7 is transmitted from the lower end of the shaft 3 through the bearing 25 and the flange 22 to the housing 6 of the gearbox 2. In this case, the support of the power unit 7 to the gearbox 2 is carried out with the free rotation of the parts of the specified mobile system and the exception of the moment friction in the place of support of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 on the housing 6 of the latter.

The clutch 14 is made and installed with the exception of the possibility of axial and radial movement of the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 relative to the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2, for which the clutch 14 is rigidly fixed with its upper part to the shaft 13 by means of a radially mounted pin 26, and its lower part - on the shaft 3 by means of a threaded connection with the latter.

The cultivator can be equipped with a U-shaped bracket 27 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) with the bottom wall 28 and the side walls 29 facing upwards. In this case, the flange 23 is secured by a detachable connection with its upper end on the lower side of the bottom wall 28 of the bracket 27, with perpendicular to the axis of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2 of the working body relative to the lower wall 28 of the bracket 27 and the free passage of the shaft 3 through the through hole made in the bottom wall 28 of the bracket 27.

On the lower end of the gearbox 10 of the power unit 7, a U-shaped cross-sectional bracket 30 is fixed with the upper 31 and side 32 walls, so that the side walls 32 of the bracket 30 are facing down and parallel to the axis of the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10, and the upper wall 31 the bracket 30 is mounted on the lower end of the gearbox 10 perpendicular to the axis of the shaft 13. A through hole is made in the wall 31 of the bracket 30 through which the shaft 13 passes freely. In this case, a part of the U-shaped bracket 27 on which the flange 23 is attached, attached to the upper tsu tubular housing 21, is located inside the U-shaped bracket 30 with the formation between each side wall 29 of the bracket 27 and the adjacent side wall 32 of the bracket 30 of the free space, designed to accommodate the elastic elements 17 through which the side walls 32 of the bracket 30 interact with the side the walls 29 of the bracket 27.

As shown in FIG. 1-7, a cultivator between each side wall 29 of the bracket 27 and the adjacent side wall 32 of the bracket 30 has two elastic elements 17 made with flat ends and mounted relative to the bracket 27 and the power unit 7 with the possibility of their elastic compression and with the arrangement of their axes when the engine 8 is idle (Fig. 5), perpendicular to the side walls 32 of the bracket 30 and the side walls 29 of the bracket 27 with the formation of tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 of two pairs of elastic elements 17, equoud Allen from the upper wall 31 of the bracket 30. In this case, the elastic elements 17 of each of these pairs are aligned with each other with the engine 8 idle, and the axes of these pairs of elastic elements 17 are located at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 and each of the elastic elements 17, one end is pressed against the side wall 29 of the bracket 27, and the second to the side wall 32 of the bracket 30 with the fastening of each of the elastic elements 17 relative to the side wall 32 of the bracket 30 and / or relative to the side wall 29 of the bracket 27.

An axial hole is made in each of the elastic elements 17, into which a nut 33 is mounted with a radial interference with respect to the elastic element 17, which is ensured by making the specified axial hole of the elastic element 17 with a smaller diameter in comparison with the diameter of the nut 33. In this case, one end of each elastic element 17 can be mounted on the side wall 32 of the bracket 30 using a threaded fastener, for example, made in the form of a bolt 34. The threaded part of the bolt 34 passes through a through hole made in the side the wall 32 of the bracket 30 is coaxial with the elastic element 17, and screwed into the nut 33 until the bolt head 34 abuts against the outer surface of the side wall 32 of the bracket 30. In addition, each of the elastic elements 17 is installed with an adjustable engine 8 of controlled axial compression, for of which between the end face of the elastic element 17 and adjacent side wall 32 of the bracket 30 is installed, at least one adjusting washer (not shown), through the axial hole of which passes the threaded part of the bolt 34.

As shown in FIG. 8-10 variant of the cultivator between each side wall 29 of the bracket 27 and the adjacent side wall 32 of the bracket 30 is installed one elastic element 35 made with a flat end and mounted relative to the bracket 27 and the power unit 7 with the possibility of elastic stretching and with the location of its axis when the engine 8 is idle, perpendicular to the side walls 32 of the bracket 30 and the side walls 29 of the bracket 27 and fixing one of the ends of the specified elastic element 35 relative to the side wall 32 of the bracket 30, and T orogo relative to the side wall 29 of the bracket 27. In this case, the elastic elements 35 are located at an equal distance from the upper wall 31 of the bracket 30, and their axes are located on different sides relative to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 perpendicular to the side walls 29 of the bracket 27 , and at an equal distance from this plane. Each elastic element 35 is equipped with threaded fasteners 36 installed at its ends and coaxially with it, each of which contains rigidly and coaxially fastened to each other or made coaxially as a whole, an axial tip 37 with an external thread and a flat disk 38, rigidly fixed its opposite side to the axial tip 37 on the elastic member 35, for example by vulcanization. At the same time, the fastening elements 36 are mounted on the elastic element 35 with the possibility of their retention on the latter when a fixed axial force is applied to the axial tips 37 of the fastening elements 36, directed to stretch the elastic element 35 and exceeding the axial tensile force exerted by the elastic element 35 during operation engine 8. The axial tips 37 of the fasteners 36 of each elastic element 35 are placed in through holes made in the side wall 32 of the bracket 30 and the side wall 29 of the bracket 27 coaxially with the elastic gim element 35, and come out of these holes to the outside with their ends, onto which the nuts 39 are screwed to the stop, provided with end corrugations that counteract the loosening of these nuts. In this case, each of the elastic elements 35 is installed with an adjustable pre-axial compression when the engine 8 is idle, for which purpose the washers 40 are installed coaxially with the ends of the elastic element 35, through the axial openings of which the axial tips 37 of the fasteners 36 pass.

As shown in FIG. 1-10 versions of the cultivator, each of the elastic elements 17 or 35, forming a tangential vibration damper of the power unit 7, is made of an elastomeric material, for example, rubber in the form of an elastic body, preferably a cylindrical shape, the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the motor output shaft 9 8, and is directed tangentially relative to the indicated axis of rotation. At the same time, in the same cultivator variants, each of the elastic elements forming the indicated vibration damper can be made in the form of a compression or tension spring (not shown), the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8 and is directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation.

The design of the proposed cultivator also provides for the possibility of performing the said vibration damper in the form of at least one elastic element. So, as shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 version of the cultivator of the tangential vibration damper of the power unit 7 is made in the form of a silent block 41, consisting of coaxially located inner 42 and outer 43 bushings preferably of cylindrical shape and made of elastomeric material (eg rubber) of an elastic insert 44 located between the bushings 42 and 43 and attached to the latter, for example, by vulcanization. In this case, the inner sleeve 42 of the silent block 41 is fixed on the upper side of the wall 28 of the U-shaped bracket 27 coaxially with the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 with the clutch 14 inside the sleeve 42 of the silent block 41 with free rotation, and the outer sleeve 43 of the silent block 41 is fixed, for example, with bolts 45 at the lower end of the housing 18 of the gearbox 10.

As shown in FIG. In the 13th embodiment of the cultivator, the tangential vibration damper of the power unit 7 is also made in the form of one elastic element, namely, in the form of a torsion spring 46, preferably of cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 with the clutch 14 located inside the spring 46 with free rotation. The lower end of the spring 46 is fixed on the upper side of the wall 28 of the U-shaped bracket 27, and the upper end is on the lower end of the housing 18 of the gearbox 10.

To ensure the possibility of adjusting the depth of soil cultivation by the tillage working body 1, the cultivator is equipped with a cylindrical tubular stand 47 (Fig. 3) with a vertical or close to vertical arrangement. In this case, the U-shaped bracket 27 is elongated, for example, in the form of a channel, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3, and the stand 47 is rigidly fixed with its lower part in the hole made in the lower wall 28 of the bracket 27 at the opposite end of the latter with respect to the power unit 7. In the lower part of the rack 47, an adjustment rod 48 is installed coaxially with it, made in the form of a pipe or rod, to the lower end of which a L-shaped pin stop 49 or a support wheel 50 (Fig. 11) with a horizontally directed axis of rotation are attached. At the same time, the adjusting rod 48 is mounted with the possibility of its rotation and reciprocating relative to the rack 47 to provide the possibility of adjusting the depth of the soil tillage by the working body 1 by changing the height of the U-shaped bracket 27 (Fig. 1) relative to the level of the soil cultivated by the cultivator the specified reciprocating movement of the adjustment rod 48. The rack 47 is equipped with a locking element 51 for fixing the position of the adjustment terzhnya 48 relative to the column 47 at the end of said depth adjusting. The locking element 51 is mounted on the stand 47 with the possibility of its interaction with the adjusting rod 48 to enable the specified fixation of the position of the latter and is made, for example, in the form of a threaded element, for example, in the form of a bolt mounted perpendicular to the stand 47 in the threaded hole of the sleeve 52 attached to rack 47, for example, by welding. In the rack 47, a through hole coaxial with the threaded hole of the sleeve 52 is made for free passage of the threaded end of the bolt 51 through it, making it possible to stop the end of the threaded end of the bolt 51 in the adjustment rod 48.

For convenience and ease of operation of the operator, the cultivator is configured to adjust the height of the steering arms 5 relative to the level of the cultivated land, for which the lower end of the steering column 53 (Fig. 3, 5), by which the steering arms 5 are mounted relative to the U-shaped bracket 27, is fixed on the rack 47 by means of a detachable connection 54 with the possibility of rotation and reciprocating movement of the steering column 53 together with the steering knobs 5 relative to the rack 47. At the same time, the detachable connection 54 It is possible, for example, in the form of half-couplings 55 and 56, having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, in each of which a recess is made in the form of a half-cylinder, the radius of which is close to or equal to the outer radius of the cross section of the rack 47. The coupling halves 55 and 56 are fastened to the rack using fasteners 57 47 opposite each other and with each other with the emphasis of their recesses in the rack 47, and the coupling half 56, located on the side of the steering arms 5 of the cultivator, is rigidly attached to the lower end of the steering column 53, for example, by welding with a given the angle of the column 53. In each of the coupling halves 55 and 56, two through holes are made located on the sides of these recesses at an equal distance from the latter and directed perpendicular to the sides of the indicated coupling halves, on which the said recesses are made, and the fastening elements 57 are made in the form of threaded elements, for example, in the form of bolts. Moreover, these holes in the coupling half 55 are made with the possibility of free passage through them of the threaded part of the bolts 57, and in the coupling half 56 with a thread for screwing the threaded part of the bolts 57 until the heads of the latter stop in the coupling half 55.

The cultivator can also be made with the fastening of its steering arms 5, preferably by means of the steering column 53 and preferably on the tubular body 21 of the gearbox 2, as shown in FIG. 14. In this case, the U-shaped 27 and U-shaped 30 brackets are made of approximately equal length, preferably sufficient to fit elastic elements 17 or 35 between the side walls 32 of the bracket 30 and the side walls 29 of the bracket 27, and the tubular body 21 is cylindrical. The lower end of the steering column 53 is mounted on the tubular body 21, preferably by means of a detachable connection 54 of the same design as the detachable connection shown in FIG. 3. The connection 54 is made with the possibility of turning and reciprocating the steering column 53 together with the steering knobs 5 of the cultivator relative to the tubular body 21, with subsequent fixation of the position of the steering column 53 relative to the tubular body 21. This makes it possible to adjust the height of the steering arms 5 relative level cultivator cultivated land.

Instead of the elastic elements 17 and 35 in such a cultivator, compression or tension springs can be used, the axis of each of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8, and directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation. In this case, the elastic elements 17 or 35, or these springs are placed and fastened between the side walls 32 of the U-shaped bracket 30 and the side walls 29 of the U-shaped bracket 27 with the possibility of compression or tension under the influence of tangential impulse forces from the side of the power unit 7, formed in the process of the said reciprocating oscillatory motion of the power unit 7 relative to the gearbox 2 of the working body 1.

The cultivator with the fastening of its steering arms 5, preferably by means of the steering column 53 and preferably on the cylindrical tubular body 21 of the gearbox 2, may be equipped with said vibration damper made in the form of at least one elastic element, as shown in FIG. 15. The lower end of the steering column 53 is mounted on the tubular body 21, preferably by means of a detachable connection 54 (FIG. 16).

In such an embodiment of the cultivator, said vibration damper can be made, for example, in the form of a silent block 41 (FIG. 17) of the same construction as the silent block 41 shown in FIG. 12, with the difference that shown in FIG. 17 of the silent block 41, the inner sleeve 42 is preferably integrally formed with the upper part of the tubular body 21. Inside the sleeve 42 is installed (not shown) a bearing 24 (Fig. 4), which provides radial rigidity to a rotating system including a shaft 13, a coupling 14 and a shaft 3.

At the same time, instead of the silent block 41 in the same cultivator variant, a torsion spring 46 (Fig. 15 and Fig. 17) of preferably cylindrical shape coaxially with the output shaft 13 of the gearbox 10 with the coupling arrangement can be used as a damper for tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 14 inside the spring 46 with the possibility of free rotation. The upper end of the spring 46 is fixed on the lower end of the gearbox 10 of the power unit 7, and the lower end of the spring 46 is movably and coaxially on the sleeve 58, the lower end of which is fixed on the upper end of the tubular housing 21. Inside the sleeve 58 is installed (not shown) a bearing 24 (Fig. 4), providing radial rigidity to a rotating system including a shaft 13, a clutch 14 and a shaft 3.

The gearbox 2 of the working body 1 is made with a gear ratio of 1.0. With this gear ratio, the design of the gearbox 2 becomes more unified, since it can be assembled from commercially available components and parts. However, the implementation of the gearbox 2 with the specified gear ratio allows you to significantly reduce the radial size of the gearbox 2 relative to its output shaft 4, as a result of which the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 does not prevent the cutter 61 from being buried into the treated soil. As a result, the area left behind the cultivator is reduced or eliminated untreated land, over which the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 of the working body 1 passes when the cultivator is moving, which improves the operational characteristics of the cultivator. In addition, reducing the radial size of the gearbox 2 relative to its output shaft 4 can reduce its metal consumption and weight, which reduces the cost of the cultivator and facilitates its transportation.

In order to reduce the amplitude of the shock pulses propagating from the working body 1 to the engine 8 through the cultivator transmission during cultivator cultivation of uneven and heterogeneous sections of the soil, in any of the cultivator options described above, the output shaft 13 of the reducer 10 can be connected to the input shaft 3 of the reducer 2 is not rigid sleeve 14 (Fig. 4), and an elastic sleeve (not shown) made of high strength elastomeric material.

The output shaft 4 of the gearbox 2 has two working ends 59 (Fig. 4) extending from the housing 6 of the gearbox 2. At each of the working ends 59 of the shaft 4 there is a fixed set of working discs 60 (Fig. 2), each of which has a set of cutting bodies , for example, milling cutters 61. The cultivator is equipped with known means of controlling the engine 8, and to protect the operator and the cultivator from dust and soil fragments thrown up by working milling cutters 61 during soil cultivation, on the lower side of the U-shaped bracket 27 (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4) or on the inner sleeve 42 of the silent block 41 (Fig. 1 5 and Fig. 17), or on the sleeve 58 (Fig. 16 and Fig. 18) the main protective shield 62 is fixed, on the sides of which additional protective guards 63 are attached.

The cultivator works as follows.

When the drive motor 8 (Fig. 1) is turned on, the torque generated on its output shaft 9 (Fig. 3) is transmitted sequentially through the clutch 12, the gearbox 10, the output shaft 13 of the latter and the clutch 14 to the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2. Through bevel gears 15 and 16 (Fig. 4), the torque is transmitted from the shaft 3 to the output shaft 4 of the gearbox 2. The shaft 4 drives the working disks 60 (Fig. 2) and the working cutters 61 mounted on them, by which the soil is processed in the process of moving the cultivator. In this case, the cultivator from the side of the cultivated soil acts upward vertical reaction force, which is largely compensated by the weight of the cultivator, and the horizontal reaction force, providing forward movement of the cultivator forward. The translator’s translational speed is controlled by the operator by changing the rotation speed of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8 and / or by changing the vertical force transmitted by the operator through the steering knobs 5 to the stop 49 (Fig. 1) or the support wheel 50 (Fig. 11).

The cultivator is accompanied by the impact on its design of pulsed loads acting from the engine 8 of the power unit 7 and from the working body 1.

In this case, the impulse loads acting from the side of the engine 8 are caused by high-frequency tangential vibrations of the engine 8 together with the gearbox 10 (i.e., essentially the vibrations of the power unit 7), which are formed as a result of the pulsed flow of the working process in the engine 8. As shown in FIG. . 6, the combustion of the working mixture during a working cycle in the engine 8 creates an impulse of the working torque Md on the crankshaft of the engine 8 and at the same time an impulse of reactive torque Mp on the engine casing 8, causing a tangential oscillation of the specified casing together with the gearbox 10. The oscillations of the power unit 7 are directed tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8. The frequency of these oscillations is determined by the speed of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine 8.

The low-frequency impulse loads acting on the part of the working body 1 are formed when working cutters 61 of the working body 1 process uneven and uneven in density areas of the soil, as well as areas littered with stones, tree roots and other inclusions. The frequency of these loads is determined by the nature of the soil being cultivated (the presence of irregularities on the treated area, alternating soil density, inclusions in the form of stones, roots, etc.), the speed of rotation of the output shaft 4 of gearbox 2 and the number of milling cutters 61 installed on the working body 1. These low-frequency impulse loads through the cultivator transmission are transmitted to the output shaft 9 of the drive motor 8 and create a pulsed reactive moment on the crankshaft of the latter, which through the crank mechanism of the engine 8 p is transmitted to the housing of the latter, which causes additional tangential vibrations of the motor housing 8 together with the gearbox 10 attached to it.

If there are no special protective equipment in the cultivator design from the above impulse loads, the latter can create vibration of the steering arms 5, which complicates the operator’s work. In addition, these impulse loads can disrupt the operation of the transmission and the drive motor 8 of the cultivator and reduce the durability of the specified transmission and engine 8.

The design of the proposed cultivator provides for its protection from the above impulse loads using a tangential vibration damper of the power unit 7, made in the form of elastic elements 17 (Fig. 2, 4, 5-7), working on compression, or elastic elements 35 (Fig. 8 -10), working in tension, or elastic elements 44 (Fig. 12 and Fig. 17) or 46 (Fig. 13 and Fig. 18), working in twisting, or in the form of compression or tension springs (not shown), or elastic elements of a different kind.

Moreover, any separately taken oscillation of the power unit 7, directed tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8 and due to the pulsed flow of the working process in the motor 8 and / or the pulsed change in the load on the working body 1 from the side of the soil cultivated by the cultivator, causes elastic deformation of these elastic elements of the said vibration damper, during which the energy of the specified oscillation of the power unit 7 is spent on the work to ensure the specified elastic deformation ii.

Thus, in the process of the described elastic deformation of the elastic elements of the vibration damper, the energy of the tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 is dissipated due to energy losses of these vibrations inside the material of the said elastic elements during the deformation of this material. Moreover, the specified energy dissipation of the tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 is provided in the shown in FIG. 1-7, the cultivator due to the elastic compression of the cylindrical elastic elements 17 (as shown in FIG. 6), shown in FIG. 8-10 a variant of the cultivator - due to the elastic tension of the cylindrical elastic elements 35, shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 17 cultivator variants - due to the elastic twisting of the elastic insert 44 of the silent block 41 and shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 18 variants of the cultivator - due to the elastic twisting of the elastic torsion spring 46, which is accompanied by internal friction of the material of the spring 46, causing energy dissipation.

After the completion of the action of each individual oscillation of the power unit 7, the elastic system of the vibration damper mentioned under the action of elastic forces from the elastic elements of the latter, creating a reverse acting elastic torque M _y (see, for example, Fig. 7, the corresponding compression stroke in ICE 8) returns to its original position. At the end of this elastic recoil from the side of the elastic elements of the said damper, the said elastic elements undergo deformation: stretching of the elastic elements 17 (Fig. 7) working during compression damping of the oscillation of the power unit 7; compression of the elastic elements 35 (Fig. 8-10) operating during the damping period of the oscillation of the power unit 7 in tension; reverse twisting of the elastic insert 44 (Fig. 12 and Fig. 17) of the silent block 41 and torsion spring 46 (Fig. 13 and Fig. 18) in the direction opposite to their twisting during the vibration damping period of the power block 7. The specified reverse deformation of the elastic elements of the vibration damper accompanied by additional energy dissipation in these elastic elements, which enhances the damping of the oscillations of the power unit 7.

Due to the dissipation of the energy of the tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 inside the aforementioned elastic elements, these oscillations either do not propagate at all outside the elastic elements of the damper, either towards the steering knobs 5, or in the opposite direction - towards the engine 8 and the transmission connecting the engine 8 with the working body 1; cultivator russia.

In any of those shown in FIG. 1-18 options for the cultivator during operation of the engine 8, the power unit 7 is supported on the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 sequentially through the output shaft 13 (Fig. 4) of the gearbox 10, the clutch 14, the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2, the bearing 25 and the flange 22. In this case, the support of the power unit 7 to the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 is carried out to ensure free rotation of the shaft 13, the clutch 14 and the shaft 3 and the friction moment is eliminated with the help of the bearing 25 in the place of the input shaft 3 support of the gearbox 2.

Thus, the supply of the cultivator with a vibration damper of the power unit 7 with the latter resting on the housing 6 of the gearbox 2 through the moving system of the rotating parts of the cultivator transmission provides effective protection of the steering knobs 5, transmission and cultivator drive motor 8 from dynamic pulsed loads acting on the engine side of the cultivator working 8, driving the cultivator, and from the side of the working body 1, interacting with the cultivated soil.

In addition, the design of the cultivator also provides the possibility of additional protection of the steering knobs 5, transmission and drive motor 8 of the cultivator from low-frequency impulse loads acting on the transmission of the cultivator from the working cutters 61 of the working body 1 when processing uneven and heterogeneous sections of soil. The specified additional protection can be provided by counteracting these loads from the side of the elastic forces of the connecting shafts 13 and 3 of an elastic coupling (not shown), which can be installed in the cultivator instead of the rigid coupling 14. In this case, these pulse loads can be largely damped mentioned elastic coupling, not reaching the engine 8.

The depth adjustment of the soil tillage by the cultivator 1 is carried out by changing the height of the U-shaped bracket 27 (Fig. 1) relative to the soil cultivated by the cultivator by reciprocating the adjustment rod 48 (Fig. 3) relative to the stand 47 with an increase in the specified depth due to lifting the rod 48 upward relative to the rack 47 and its reduction due to the extension of the rod 48 down from the rack 47. At the end of this adjustment, the position of the adjustment rod I 48 relative to the rack 47 is fixed with a bolt 51, which when twisting into the threaded sleeve 52 rests with its end against the rod 48, which provides the specified fixation.

The height adjustment of the steering arms 5 relative to the level of the cultivated land is performed by changing the height of the detachable connection 54 relative to the rack 47 (Fig. 3), and in the frameless cultivator relative to the tubular body 21 (Fig. 15). To do this, partially unscrew the bolts 57, move the detachable connection 54 together with the steering column 53 along the strut 47 (or tubular body 21) and, when the operator reaches a convenient working height for the steering knobs 5 during this movement, tighten the bolts 57 to the stop, fixing the steering position column 53 relative to the rack 47 (or tubular body 21). At the same time, by turning the detachable connection 54 together with the steering column 53 around the rack 47 (or tubular body 21), the steering arms 5 are shifted away from the line of movement of the cultivator to a position in which the operator does not step on the treated soil when moving behind the cultivator , which facilitates the work of the operator and allows you to keep the cultivated soil intact. At the same time, this allows the operator to guide the cultivator over difficult and cramped areas of land on which the operator himself cannot move.

In general, the presented description and the accompanying graphic illustrations confirm that the present invention provides the practical possibility of creating a cultivator with effective protection of the steering arms 5 from vibration loads created by the internal combustion drive engine 8, which drives the cultivator working body 1 of the cultivator, as well as with effective protection of the steering arms 5, transmission and engine 8 from low-frequency shock loads acting on the part of the tillage slave other organ 1 when cultivator cultivates uneven and heterogeneous patches of soil. The presence in the cultivator of the damper of tangential vibrations of the power unit 7 provides damping of the entire moving system of the cultivator, including the tillage working body 1, the transmission and the drive motor 8, thereby reducing the noise level during operation of the cultivator.

The protection of the steering knobs 5 of the cultivator from the indicated vibrational and low-frequency pulse loads, as well as the indicated reduction in the noise level during cultivator operation, improve the working conditions of the operator, which contributes both to an increase in the productivity of cultivating the soil by the cultivator and to maintaining the health of the operator. However, the protection of the transmission and the drive motor 8 of the cultivator from these low-frequency pulse loads increases the efficiency of the specified transmission and engine 8, which also contributes to an increase in the productivity of cultivating the soil by the cultivator. In addition, the specified protection of the cultivator from low-frequency pulse loads from the tillage working body 1 can increase the durability of the transmission and the drive motor 8 of the cultivator.

It should also be indicated that the description provided, the accompanying graphic illustrations and the essential features of the invention set forth in the dependent claims, do not exhaust possible alternative or equivalent particular embodiments of the invention. So, in some special cases it is possible to use the invention in cultivators with a horizontal or close to horizontal arrangement of the output shaft 9 of the engine 8. In these particular cases, the support system of the power unit 7 is changed, but the tangential vibration damper of the power unit 7 is maintained, providing the mentioned steering protection handles 5, transmission and cultivator engine 8 from dynamic impulse loads acting from the side of engine 8 and working body 1. For example, in one of such special cases a heavy power unit 7 with a horizontally located output shaft 9 of the engine 8 can be supported by a support bracket attached to the gear housing 2 through bearings mounted in support struts mounted on the bracket from the ends of the motor 8. The gear unit 7 has an output shaft 13 directed downward (i.e. rotated 90 degrees with respect to the output shaft 9 of the engine 8) - towards the input shaft 3 of the gearbox 2, and the power unit 7 through the elastic elements of the damper and said support crown matte interacts with gear 2. In other special cases of the construction of the cultivator of the present invention, elastic elements that differ in their structural design from the elastic elements presented in the description and graphic materials of the invention, but known from various devices designed for damping vibrations of various machines and mechanisms in various fields of technology.

Claims (22)

1. A cultivator containing a tillage working body equipped with a gearbox with an input shaft, steering knobs of a cultivator mounted relative to the specified gearbox, and a power unit mounted preferably on the specified gearbox and including an internal combustion engine and gearbox mounted on the specified engine from the output shaft of the latter with the possibility of drive from this shaft and equipped with an output shaft kinematically connected with the input shaft of the gearbox of the specified working body, characterized by m, that it is equipped with a vibration damper of the power unit, formed as a result of the pulse flow of the working process in the specified engine and the pulse change in the load on the said working body and directed tangentially relative to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the engine of the power unit, while the specified vibration damper is made in the form at least one elastic element through which the power unit interacts with the gear of the working body with the possibility of a reciprocating oscillatory movement of the force about the block relative to the gearbox of the working body in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the engine of the power block, and each of the elastic elements forming the specified vibration damper is made and installed relative to the power block and gearbox of the working body with the possibility of its elastic deformation in the direction of action of these oscillations of the power blocks transmitted from the latter to a given elastic element. 2. The cultivator according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft of the engine of the power unit and the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit are directed downward, and the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body rests on the housing of its gearbox through a mounted in the gearbox of the working body gearbox, preferably an angular contact bearing, whose inner clip is seated on the lower end
the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body, while the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit by means of a coupling is connected coaxially with the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body, the power block is supported on the gearbox of the working body sequentially through the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit, the specified coupling and the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body with their free rotation, and the specified bearing is installed with the exception of the possibility of its axial movement and the ability to keep it axial load from the weight of the power unit. 3. The cultivator according to claim 2, characterized in that a bearing is mounted in the lower part of the power unit gearbox casing with its inner race landing on the output shaft of the power unit gearbox, and the input gearbox of the working body gearbox is preferably located in a tubular housing, the lower end of which is fixed to the gearbox of the working body, while the specified tubular housing is coaxial to the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body, in the upper part of the specified tubular housing is a bearing with a fit of its inner cage a gearbox input shaft of the working member and the said bearings are installed with the exception of the possibility of their axial movement. 4. The cultivator according to claim 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a U-shaped in cross section bracket with side walls facing upwards, while the upper end of said tubular body is fixed to the lower side of the lower wall of said bracket to ensure a perpendicular arrangement of the axis of the input shaft of the gearbox the working body relative to the lower wall of the specified bracket and the free passage of this shaft through the through hole made in the lower wall of the specified bracket. 5. The cultivator according to claim 4, characterized in that a U-shaped cross-sectional bracket with upper and side walls is fixed on the lower end of the power unit gearbox, so that the side walls of the U-shaped bracket face down and are parallel to the axis of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox, and the upper wall of the U-shaped bracket is fixed on the lower end of the power unit gearbox perpendicular to the axis of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox and a through hole is made through it through which the output freely passes the power unit gearbox shaft, the part of the U-shaped bracket on which the upper end of the specified tubular body is fixed, is located inside the specified U-shaped bracket with the formation between each side
the wall of the U-shaped bracket and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket of free space adjacent to it, designed to accommodate the said elastic elements. 6. The cultivator according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the elastic elements forming the vibration damper is made of an elastomeric material, for example rubber in the form of an elastic body, preferably of cylindrical shape, the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the engine output shaft power block, and directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation. 7. The cultivator according to claim 6, characterized in that between each side wall of the U-shaped bracket and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjacent to it, two said elastic elements are installed, made with flat ends and mounted relative to the U-shaped and U-shaped the brackets with the possibility of elastic compression and with the arrangement of their axes when the power unit engine is not running perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets with the formation of two pairs of vibrations in the damper shown elastic elements equidistant from the upper wall of the U-shaped bracket, while the elastic elements of each of these pairs are aligned with each other when the power unit engine is not running, and the axes of these pairs of elastic elements are located at the same distance from the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit gearbox and for each of the said elastic elements, one end is pressed against the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, and the second is pressed against the side wall of the U-shaped bracket with the fastening of each of the mentioned elastic elements relative to the side wall U-shaped bracket and / or with respect to the side wall U-shaped bracket. 8. The cultivator according to claim 7, characterized in that an axial hole is made in each of the elastic elements, into which a nut with a radial tension is mounted relative to the elastic element, which is ensured by the specified axial hole of the elastic element with a smaller diameter in comparison with the diameter of the specified nut and one end of each elastic element is fixed on the side wall of the U-shaped bracket using a threaded fastener, made, for example, in the form of a bolt, the threaded part of which passes through the squaw Noe hole formed in the sidewall of the U-shaped bracket coaxially with the elastic element, and screwed into said nut until abutment of the head of said
a bolt into the outer surface of the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, each of the elastic elements being installed to provide an adjustable axial compression with the power unit off, for which at least one end of the elastic element and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjoining it is installed at least one adjusting washer, through the axial hole of which passes the threaded part of said threaded element. 9. The cultivator according to claim 6, characterized in that between each side shelf of the channel and the side wall of the U-shaped bracket adjacent to it there is one said elastic element made with a flat end and mounted relative to the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets with the possibility of its elastic tension and with the location of its axis when the power unit engine is not running perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets, while each elastic element has one end fixed but the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, and the second relative to the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, and the elastic elements are located at an equal distance from the upper wall of the U-shaped bracket, and their axes are located on different sides relative to the plane passing through the axis of rotation of the output shaft the power unit gearbox perpendicular to the side walls of the U-shaped bracket, and at an equal distance from this plane. 10. The cultivator according to p. 9, characterized in that each elastic element is equipped with threaded fasteners installed at its ends and coaxially with it, each of which contains axially fixed and coaxially fastened to each other or made coaxially as a whole external thread and a flat disk rigidly fixed with its opposite side to the axial tip side on the elastic element, for example, by vulcanization, and the fastening elements are fixed on the elastic element with the possibility of their retention I am at the last when applying to the axial tips of the fasteners a predetermined axial force directed to stretch the elastic element and exceeding the magnitude of the axial tensile force acting on the elastic element when the power unit engine is running, and the axial tips of the fasteners of each elastic element are placed in the through holes, made in the side wall of the U-shaped bracket and
the side wall of the U-shaped bracket is coaxial with the elastic element, and exit from these holes outward with their ends, on which the nuts are screwed to the end of each of them in the side wall of the U-shaped bracket, while each of the elastic elements is installed with the power engine not working an adjustable preliminary axial compression unit, for which purpose adjusting washers are installed coaxially with the ends of the elastic element, through the axial openings of which the axial tips of the said fastening elements pass. 11. The cultivator according to claim 5, characterized in that each of the elastic elements forming the vibration damper is made in the form of a compression or tension spring, the axis of which is located in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the power unit engine, and is directed tangentially relative to the specified axis of rotation. 12. The cultivator according to claim 4, characterized in that said vibration damper is made in the form of a silent block, consisting of coaxially arranged inner and outer bushings, preferably of cylindrical shape and made of an elastomeric material, an elastic insert placed between said bushings and attached to the latter, for example, by vulcanization, while the inner bush of the silent block is fixed on the upper side of the lower wall of the said U-shaped bracket coaxially with the output shaft of the power unit gearbox with the location of the said coupling inside the inner sleeve of the silent block with the possibility of free rotation, and the outer sleeve of the silent block is fixed to the lower end of the gearbox of the power unit. 13. The cultivator according to claim 4, characterized in that said vibration damper is made in the form of a torsion spring, preferably of cylindrical shape, mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the power unit gearbox with said clutch located inside said spring with the possibility of free rotation, while the lower end of said spring fixed on the upper side of the lower wall of the said U-shaped bracket, and the upper end is on the lower end of the power unit gearbox. 14. The cultivator according to claim 4, characterized in that the U-shaped bracket is made elongated, for example, in the form of a channel, while the cultivator is equipped with a cylindrical tubular column with a vertical or close to vertical arrangement, rigidly fixed with its lower part in the hole made in the bottom wall of the specified U-shaped bracket on
the end of the latter, opposite to the power block, in the lower part of the specified rack is coaxially mounted with an adjustment rod made in the form of a pipe or rod, to the lower end of which a L-shaped pin stop or a support wheel with a horizontally directed axis of rotation is attached, and the adjustment rod installed with the possibility of its rotation and reciprocating movement relative to the specified rack to provide the possibility of adjusting the depth of soil cultivation by tillage workers about cultivator ridge by changing the height of the U-shaped bracket relative to the soil cultivated by the cultivator by means of said reciprocating movement of the adjustment rod, said strut provided with a locking element for fixing the position of the adjustment rod relative to the specified strut after adjusting the specified depth, mounted on said strut with the possibility of interacting with the adjustment rod to enable said polo fixing of the latter and made, for example, in the form of a threaded element, for example, in the form of a bolt mounted perpendicular to the mentioned stand in the threaded hole of the sleeve attached to the specified stand, in which a through hole is made coaxial with the threaded hole of the specified sleeve for free passage of the threaded end through it the specified bolt with the possibility of stopping the end of the threaded end of the bolt in the adjustment rod. 15. The cultivator according to claim 14, characterized in that its steering knobs are mounted relative to the gear housing of the said working body by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted on said column by means of a detachable connection with the possibility of turning and reciprocating steering column together with steering knobs cultivator relative to the said rack, and the specified detachable connection is made, for example, in the form of two half-couplings having the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, in each of which a cylindrical recess is made, the radius of which is close to or equal to the cross-sectional radius of the said strut, while said coupling halves are fastened, for example, in the form of bolts, to the said strut opposite each other and with each other with the emphasis of their recesses to said rack, moreover
the coupling half, located on the side of the steering handles of the cultivator, is rigidly attached to the lower end of the steering column to ensure a given angle of inclination of the latter. 16. The cultivator according to claim 8, characterized in that the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets are made of approximately equal length, preferably sufficient to accommodate said elastic elements between the side walls of said brackets, the tubular body is cylindrical in shape, and the steering arms of the cultivator are mounted relatively gearbox of the working body, preferably by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted preferably on the said tubular body and preferably by means of a detachable connection with the possibility of rotation and reciprocating steering column together with the steering knobs of the cultivator relative to the said tubular body with subsequent fixation of the position of the steering column relative to the specified tubular body. 17. The cultivator according to claim 10, characterized in that the U-shaped and U-shaped brackets are made of approximately equal length, preferably sufficient to accommodate said elastic elements between the side walls of said brackets, the tubular body is cylindrical in shape, and the steering arms of the cultivator are mounted relatively gearbox of the working body, preferably by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted preferably on said tubular body and preferably by means of a detachable connection with the possibility of rotation and reciprocating steering column together with the steering knobs of the cultivator relative to the said tubular body, followed by fixing the position of the steering column relative to the specified tubular body. 18. The cultivator according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubular body is cylindrical in shape, and the steering knobs of the cultivator are mounted relative to the gearbox of the working body, preferably by means of a steering column, the lower end of which is mounted preferably on the said tubular body and preferably by detachable rotation the reciprocating movement of the steering column together with the steering knobs of the cultivator relative to the said tubular body with subsequent fixation tion of the steering column relative to said tubular body. 19. The cultivator according to claim 18, characterized in that said vibration damper is made in the form of a silent block, consisting of coaxially arranged inner and outer bushings, preferably of cylindrical shape, and made of an elastomeric material, an elastic insert placed between these bushings and attached to the latter, for example, by vulcanization, while the outer bush of the silent block is mounted on the lower end of the gearbox of the power unit, and the inner bush of the silent block is preferably made integrally with the upper part of the said tubular housing with ensuring its coaxial position relative to the output shaft of the gearbox of the power unit and with the location of the said coupling inside the silent bush inner sleeve with the possibility of free rotation. 20. The cultivator according to claim 18, characterized in that said vibration damper is made in the form of a torsion spring of preferably a cylindrical shape mounted coaxially with the output shaft of the power unit gearbox with said clutch located inside said spring with the possibility of free rotation, while the upper end of said spring mounted on the lower end of the power unit gearbox, and the lower end of said spring is fixed relative to the upper end of said tubular body. 21. The cultivator under item 1, characterized in that the gearbox of the working body is made with a gear ratio equal to 1.0. 22. The cultivator according to any one of paragraphs. 2-21, characterized in that the output shaft of the power unit gearbox is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox of the working body by means of an elastic coupling made of high strength elastomeric material.

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