RU2585397C1 - Railway station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport; construction.

SUBSTANCE: railway station includes arriving to the station main track, connected, by switching devices, to the station tracks. At least one switch is made in the form of a base and installed on it rotating platform equipped with a rotating platform drive. Rotating platform contains multiple rail sections located on it so that in different positions of the rotating platform relative to the base it is possible to ensure connection of at least one of the main tracks and at least one of the station tracks. Rotating platform additionally includes a fixation device of the rotating platform, a fixation device drive, a control unit, sensors for monitoring the position of the rotating platform and sensors of the rotating platform fixation device position, as well as an alarm unit.

EFFECT: reduced dimensions of a railway station while ensuring high reliability of its operation.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of rail transport using guides for moving, for example, railway and city transport, and more particularly to railway stations, including main tracks suitable for the station, connected by means of translation with station tracks, designed to stop or move a mobile composition and can be used for branching tracks at stations, in locomotive or tram depots, sorting slides and access roads of consumers.

State of the art

In the present description, the term "railway station" means an object that is designed to enable the rolling stock to stop at one of its sections. It can be a passenger station, including a technical station, a cargo station, a technical station, including a sorting station, a local station, an intermediate station, and also a station designed to overtake trains.

For the sake of clarity of description, “rolling stock” means everything that can be moved on rails: trains, passenger and freight, locomotives, trams, as well as their models, reduced for the purpose of simulating railway traffic.

The railway station is known from the prior art, which includes main tracks that are suitable for the station and connected by means of transfer with station tracks designed to stop or drive rolling stock along them, see the description of the RF patent for invention No. 2243114, published in 2004. This decision is taken as a prototype of the invention.

The disadvantage of this solution is the large length and the occupied neck area of the station itself, the so-called "Turnout streets". Indeed, hundreds of meters of paths are required at stations to ensure that a suitable path is transferred to many station paths, and likewise hundreds more meters to connect them all to the main paths. In addition, this solution is not reliable enough, since turnouts have a limited service life, require constant maintenance, especially difficult in winter - lubrication of sliding surfaces, which, among other things, spoils the soil; energy-intensive clearing of snow (which leads to the formation of ice and possible jamming of the turnout), including manually in traffic conditions, which is associated with a high level of injury and mortality.

Disclosure of invention

Based on this original observation, the present invention mainly aims to propose a railway station comprising main tracks suitable for the station, connected by means of translation with station tracks designed to stop or drive rolling stock along them, allowing at least to smooth out one of the above disadvantages, namely, to reduce the size of the railway station while ensuring high reliability of its operation, which is the technical set dacha.

To achieve this goal, at least one translation means is made in the form of a base and a rotary platform located on it, having a rotary platform drive. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to translate railway tracks by turning the platform relative to the base and combining different track options, which allows you to replace many consecutive turnouts into one.

The turntable comprises a plurality of rail sections arranged thereon so that at different positions of the turntable relative to the base, at least one of the main tracks and at least one of the station tracks are connected. Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to translate at least one of the main tracks and at least one of the station tracks.

The turntable further comprises a locking device for the turntable in all positions, providing the connection of one of the main tracks and one of the station tracks. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to ensure the reliability of the device, namely, to prevent the displacement of tracks during the movement of the train. Additionally, the possibility of an arrow explosion is eliminated when the train passes the red traffic light, and the arrow itself is translated due to the force of the wheels. Most major accidents occur precisely due to the cutting of arrows, including head-on collisions.

The locking device of the turntable further comprises a locking device drive. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to change the position of the turntable and fix it with the drive.

The railway track translation means further comprises a control unit connected to the drive of the turntable and to the drive of the locking device. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to remotely control the position of the turntable, and accordingly, the connection of the railway tracks.

The railway track translation means further comprises sensors for monitoring the position of the turntable and position sensors for locking the turntable connected to the control unit. Thanks to this advantageous feature, it becomes possible to remotely monitor and control the position of the turntable.

The railway track translation means further comprises an alarm unit connected to sensors for monitoring the position of the turntable and position sensors for fixing the turntable. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it is possible to signal the position of the turntable. This can be used both at a remote control room, and to inform the driver who, in low light conditions, such as at night or during fog, does not see if the translation facility is in the right position.

There is a possible embodiment of the invention in which the main tracks, station tracks and their corresponding rail sections located on the turntable have a track width of several different standard sizes. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible in those cases when gauges of several different standard sizes are used at the station, for example, at the border of countries, using one rotary platform to translate rail sections having different gauge. That is, on the one hand at least two tracks with different track widths approach it, and many station tracks with different track widths depart. In different positions of the turntable, it is possible to connect each of the main tracks to one of the station tracks having the same track width as the indicated main track. Such a solution, obviously, allows for an additional reduction in the dimensions of the railway station in the case when rail tracks having different track gauges are used.

There is a possible embodiment of the invention in which each section of the plurality of rail tracks located on the turntable has a support in the range of 1/60 to 1/12. Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to ensure (availability) the continuity of the wadding along the entire length of the rail tracks. Since the cradle is designed to increase the stability of the rolling stock during movement, this solution is designed to increase the reliability and safety of movement along the railway station. Indeed, at the railway station using typical turnouts, the turnout itself does not have a cradle, which leads to the need to use transfer sleepers to smoothly change the cod when adjoining station tracks. The proposed solution does not have such a problem.

There is an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in which the base of the translation means further has a protective structure, including racks and a roof, which protects the translation means from precipitation falling onto the rotary platform. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to protect the translation equipment from precipitation on the rotary platform, which improves the reliability of the translation system, eliminates the need to constantly clean turnouts in the winter from snow and ice, and constantly lubricate it in the summer during rains . All this, in addition to the indicated advantages, allows to reduce industrial injuries, since it is known that many accidents occur during maintenance work on the switch.

There is an optional embodiment of the invention in which the protective structure further includes a room for the staff of the translation facility. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to visually monitor the turnout in the form of a rotary platform by a representative of the operating staff of the translation facility, which increases the reliability of the entire station. Indeed, previously, due to the large number of turnouts, it was impossible to provide real-time visual monitoring of each turnout by a representative of the operating staff of the translation facility.

There is a possible embodiment of the invention in which the turntable is made in the form of a flat disk fixed to the base with a plurality of rollers or bearings arranged around the circumference of the turntable or base. Due to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to provide free movement of the turntable thanks to the proven mechanical methods of connecting nodes moving relative to each other.

There is an embodiment of the invention in which the locking device of the turntable is made in the form of a cone-shaped pin located on the turntable and a set of corresponding recesses located on the base. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to fix the turntable relative to the base in one of the positions. The pins, for example, under the influence of their own weight can fall into the recesses and jam the rotary platform. By means of a locking device, such as an electromagnet, it is possible to lift said pins from the recesses and to enable further movement of the turntable.

There is an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the locking device of the turntable is made in the form of a cone-shaped pin located on the base and a set of corresponding recesses located on the turntable. Thanks to this advantageous characteristic, it becomes possible to have an alternative fixation device to the previous one.

The set of essential features of the invention is unknown from the prior art for devices of similar purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" for the invention. Also, the set of essential features of the invention does not follow explicitly from the prior art for devices of a similar purpose, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "inventive step" for the invention is met.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other features and advantages of the invention clearly follow from the description below for illustration and not being restrictive, with reference to the accompanying drawings, on which:

- figure 1 schematically depicts the appearance of a railway station in one of the positions of the turntable, according to the invention;

- figure 2 schematically depicts the appearance of one of the means of translation of the tracks of the railway station, according to the invention;

- figures 3-5 schematically depict options for switching tracks of a railway station according to the invention.

According to figures 1-2, the railway station includes main tracks 1 suitable for the station, connected by means of transfer 2 with station tracks 3, designed to stop or drive rolling stock 4. At least one means of transfer 2 is made in the form of a base 21 and located on it a rotary platform 22 having a drive of the rotary platform 23.

The drive of the turntable 23 has one of the following natures - mechanical, electrical, liquid. It is possible to use both manual mechanisms for the drive, for example, those duplicating during loss of power supply, as well as electric, as well as hydraulic. The latter may look like a hydraulic press, which drives the turntable, and it can also be simultaneously as a translation option for the interaction of the turntable and the base. More specifically, the rotary platform and the base may have a layer of a special liquid, for example, non-freezing oil. When the pump pumps oil into this space, the turntable rises and thus the possibility of rotation is ensured. In the reverse process - removal from the internal volume of oil, the turntable lowers and comes into close contact with the base. Alternatively, a rheological emulsion can be used as filling the volume between the turntable and the base, which in the absence of current is liquid like oil, and when current appears, it works like glue.

The turntable 22 comprises a plurality of rail sections 221 disposed thereon so that at different positions of the turntable 22 with respect to the base 21, at least one of the main tracks 1 and at least one of the station tracks 3 are connected.

The turntable 22 further comprises a locking device 24 of the turntable in all positions, providing the connection of one of the main tracks 1 and one of the station tracks 3.

The locking device 24 of the turntable 22 further comprises a locking device drive 241.

The railway track translation means further comprises a control unit 25 connected to the drive 23 of the turntable and to the drive 241 of the locking device.

The translation tool 2 of the railway tracks further comprises sensors 26 for monitoring the position of the turntable and position sensors 27 for fixing the turntable connected to the control unit 25.

The railway track transfer means 2 further comprises an alarm unit 28 connected to sensors for monitoring the position of the turntable 26 and position sensors 27 for fixing the turntable.

The main tracks, station tracks and their corresponding rail sections located on the turntable may have a gauge of several different standard sizes. This is especially important when using the device at stations where there are simultaneous use of ruts of different widths, for example at the borders (of Russia and European countries, the option of butt international stations). This is not reflected in the figures so as not to impede the understanding of the principle of operation.

The base 21, the rotary platform 22 and the drive 23 of the rotary platform can be made in the form of a single unit, adapted for assembly in the factory.

Each section of the many railway tracks located on the turntable - 221, can be made in the form of a pair of typical rails of gauge 1520 and another gauge. They may have common sleepers, as in FIG. 2, or individual.

The invention may have an option when each section of the plurality of rail tracks located on the turntable has a support in the range from 1/60 to 1/12.

The base 21 of the translation means advantageously additionally has a protective structure 5, including racks and a roof, protecting the translation means 2 from precipitation falling onto the turntable 22.

The protective structure may additionally include a room 51 for staff of the means of translation.

The control unit 25 may be located in room 51. See FIG. 2.

The turntable 22 can be made in the form of a flat disk mounted on the base 21 using a plurality of rollers 29 or bearings located around the circumference of the turntable or base. See FIG. 2.

The locking device 24 of the turntable can be made in the form of a cone-shaped pin located on the turntable and a set of corresponding recesses located on the base. Or alternatively, the locking device 24 of the turntable may be in the form of a conical pin located on the base and a set of corresponding recesses located on the turntable, as shown in FIG. 2.

The direction of movement of the locking device is shown here being in the plane of the turntable, and may alternatively be in the direction of gravity. The size of the base and the turntable are not shown for clarity, but they can also be the same. Additionally, there may be special protection to prevent foreign objects, debris, and dirt from entering the space between the base and the turntable.

The arrows indicate the possible direction of rotation of the turntable 22.

The implementation of the invention

The work of the railway station is as follows (an example of operation is given, not limiting the application of the invention), according to figures 3-4 an example is given when the railway station contains one main track 1 and seven station tracks 3. Between these tracks passenger platforms can be located, in the figures are shown. According to figures 3-4 depicts a variant with two means of translation, made in the form of rotary platforms.

The location of the turntables in figure 3 corresponds to the direct passage of the rolling stock (train) 4.

The location of the turntables in figure 4 corresponds to the passage of the rolling stock 4 along the side station path 3.

Figure 5 shows a variant with two translation tools made in the form of rotary platforms, but with a large number of main tracks, providing reverse movement of trains. Referred to in Figure 5 as 11, 12, 13, and 14. Also in Figure 5, additional dead ends are indicated as 61, 62, 63, and 64.

The location of the left turntable in figure 5 corresponds to the possibility of the train 41 from its location to the dead end path 61. At the same time, the location of the left turntable in figure 5 corresponds to the possibility of the train 43 from its location to path 11. This illustrates the possibility of simultaneously connecting different sections of the tracks in one position of the turntable.

The location of the right turntable in figure 5 corresponds to the possibility of travel of the train 41 from its location on the dead end track 63. At the same time, the location of the right turntable in figure 5 corresponds to the possibility of the train 42 from its location to path 13.

To ensure the change of position of the turntable 22, the following is necessary. In the initial position of the turntable 22, corresponding to the connection of a suitable main path 1 and the station path 3, a control electric signal is supplied to a control unit 25 electrically connected to the rotary platform drive 23 and the fixation device drive 241.

The drive of the locking device 241 unlocks the turntable 22 relative to the base 21. For example, the electromagnet lifts the conical pins 24 located on the turntable located in the recesses of the base 21.

The drive 23 of the turntable drives the turntable 22. It changes position relative to the base 51, combining the main path 1 with another station path.

When combining the main path 1 with another station path, the locking device 24 of the turntable in the new position is automatically activated. For example, under their own weight, the conical pins can fall into their corresponding recesses (or, as shown in figure 2, under the action of a spring, fall into the recesses of the turntable 21).

The turntable position sensor 26 and the turntable locking device position sensor 27 send an electrical signal to the control unit 25 corresponding to the position of the turntable 22 relative to the base 21, while the unit connected to the turntable position monitoring sensor 26 and the turntable fixing device position sensor 27 alarm 28 produces light and / or sound notification corresponding to the position of the turntable.

Industrial applicability

The proposed railway station can be implemented by a specialist in practice and, when implemented, ensures the implementation of the declared purpose. The possibility of being implemented by a specialist in practice follows from the fact that for each feature included in the claims on the basis of the description, the material equivalent is known, which allows us to conclude that the criterion of "industrial applicability" for the invention is met.

In accordance with the proposed invention, the applicant made a model of the railway station from the details of the children's railway. As a drive, a battery-powered DC motor was used, which rotates the turntable using a gear. The means of fixing the rails was not used, as it used the friction of the drive in the off state, ensuring the adjoining of the rails.

The first means of translation provided the switching of one of the main routes to three outgoing station ones. The second means of translation provided the switching of one of the three outgoing stations to one main path.

Using open contacts, a corresponding signal lamp was closed in any of the three positions of each turntable in such a way that each lamp illuminated only when the corresponding path was closed. Thus, the signal lamps partially served as position sensors for each turntable.

As a result of testing the layout of the railway station, it was found that the invention allows:

- make reliable switching of the first turnout, connecting one suitable main track with any of the three station tracks;

- make reliable switching of the second turnout, connecting one of the three station tracks with the outgoing main path;

- switch each railroad switch remotely;

- signal the position of each turntable;

- provide a significant reduction in the size of the railway station;

- to ensure high reliability of the railway station.

All this ensures the achievement of the technical result, namely: reducing the size of the railway station while ensuring high reliability of its operation.

An additional effect of the present invention is that it:

- reduces the complexity of manufacturing a railway station;

- increases the life of the railway station;

- increases the reliability of the railway station, as it reduces the need for cleaning from dirt and in winter from snow turnouts;

- significantly increases the speed and smoothness of the train movement, since the turnout street at any railway station, as a rule, makes you slow down;

- significantly reduces operating costs, since it does not require a high frequency of air cleaning, continuous electrical heating of shooters, does not require a large amount of manual cleaning, especially during snowfalls and dust storms;

- improves environmental friendliness, as soil is not contaminated (oil is used for lubricating turnouts, which, if it enters the soil, harms the environment and creates a fire hazard);

- simplifies the operation of the railway station (especially in winter and during dust storms) due to the lack of wits, frame rails, crosses and counter rails.

Claims (4)

1. A railway station, including main tracks suitable for the station, connected by means of translation with station tracks designed to stop or drive rolling stock along them, characterized in that at least one translation means is made in the form of a base and a rotary located on it a platform having a rotary platform drive, the rotary platform contains a plurality of rail sections located thereon so that in different positions of the rotary platform relative to the base To ensure the connection of at least one of the main tracks and at least one of the station tracks, the turntable further comprises a locking device for the turntable in all positions, providing the connection of one of the main tracks and one of the station tracks, the locking device of the turntable further comprises a drive fixing devices, means for translating railway tracks further comprises a control unit connected to the drive of the turntable and to the drive of the device fixing means, the means for translating the railway tracks further comprises sensors for monitoring the position of the turntable and the position sensors for locking the turntable connected to the control unit, the means for translating the tracks further comprises an alarm unit connected to sensors for controlling the position of the turntable and position sensors for fixing the turntable , each section of a plurality of rail tracks located on a turntable has a support , which is in the range from 1/60 to 1/12, the base of the translation facility additionally has a protective structure, including racks and a roof, which protects the translation means from falling on the rotary platform of precipitation, the protective structure further includes a room for the maintenance personnel of the translation facility. 2. The railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that the main tracks, station tracks and corresponding rail sections located on the turntable have a gauge of several different standard sizes. 3. The railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking device of the turntable is made in the form of a cone-shaped pin located on the turntable and a set of corresponding recesses located on the base. 4. The railway station according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking device of the turntable is made in the form of a cone-shaped pin located on the base and a set of corresponding recesses located on the turntable.

Images