RU2584663C1 - Simulator for developing skills of holding balance and means for facilitating holding balance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of sports training and sports medicine, tourism and equipment for rest, including rest on water. Simulator for developing skills holding balance comprises at least one element made with possibility to change its angular position together with bearing limbs of user. It is equipped with series-connected tilt sensor, controller and scale. Scale is mounted on cross base, which is configured to change its angular position together with support user limbs and articulated with moving base or a gymnastic apparatus.

EFFECT: scale is arranged in field of view of user and is configured to display angular position of cross base and personal setting display modes.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of sports training, sports medicine, tourism and leisure equipment, including water recreation.

The task of training the vestibular apparatus is very complex and individual, as described in the article by L. Zelenin (see Scientific notes of the PF Lesgaft University, Issue No. 1 (95) / 2013, as well as http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tehnologiya-razvitiya-ravnovesiya-v-sopryazhyonnom-osvoenii-tehniki -grebli-u-nachinayuschih-grebtsov-s-pomoschyu-trenazhyorov), the development of skills to maintain balance requires time and the use of appropriate techniques.

In addition, in group sports and tourism, there arise both the tasks of accelerated adaptation of all members of the group to the task of maintaining equilibrium on a rope, board, log, and swimming means, and the tasks of passing such obstacles by all members of the group.

In other words, there is a need for a device that would train balancing skills, allow for individual display settings, the choice of display mode, which is organic specifically for this person and his vision-brain system; use this mode in the future on devices equipped with such an indication, and, based on the results of the settings, draw conclusions about your “vestibular” type and, for example, about a specific set of exercises that will help improve coordination for a given individual, or at least perform a specific task of overcoming a difficult obstacle.

Consider well-known solutions in this area.

Known US patent 8845556 (B1) - 2014-09-30, AB 5/103; A61B 5/117; G08B 23/00, which describes a method and apparatus for maintaining body balance, however, we are talking about static balance, gait and posture, therefore, this solution is not applicable to solve the above problems.

The use of a linear level indicator in scales is also known (see WO 0058697 - 2000-10-05; G01D 7/00; G01D 7/12; G01G 23/37; G01G 23/00). The device contains a display of individual pixels and a controller that controls them so that the pixels that make up the indicator are located along two axes and are always at the same angle to the axes when moving. The disadvantages of this indicator should also include an inappropriate scope: the inability to use on water, and most importantly - in the dynamics.

British Patent 2482269 (2012-01-25; A63B 69/04; G09B 9/00) describes a riding simulator in which the cervical part is rotatable. The simulator allows you to train the balance, being able to swing along two axes, and can have touch sensors to respond to user behavior. However, its disadvantages also include the limited scope and the fact that the trainee does not have before him an indicator showing the success of his actions, which significantly slows down the process of training or adaptation.

Also known exercise bike according to US patent 2010216103 (08.26.2010, A63B 69/00). Rotary parts allow a novice athlete to train stability on him, however, both of the above disadvantages are characteristic of him fully.

In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2461404 (2011-05-31, A63B 69/06) a canoe trainer is described. The simulator contains a platform for placing the athlete, mounted on supports made in the form of semi-ovals, repeating along the contour of the transverse contours of the sports boat. The bow and stern supports are located at equal distance from each other, pipes connected to each other are attached to the upper part of the supports and to the bow and stern parts, forming the sides of the canoe boat. The simulator is equipped with main and additional sliding runners, the main sliding runners attached to the supports, located at some distance from each other and welded to the pipes in the bow and stern parts, and the additional sliding runners attached to the bow and stern supports, located on the sides of the main runners and above them. The oar simulator is made in the form of a rod; at the supporting end, the rod is connected to four hook-shaped teeth, forked at the ends, made in the form of hooks. In addition, a means to maintain balance is attached to the stern of the simulator. The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of training the function of the equilibrium of rowers with the simultaneous development of the technique of rowing movements by maximally approximating the natural conditions of rowing on water.

The main disadvantage of this device is essentially the same - the athlete’s eyes are actually directed to the floor, and the formation of skills to maintain balance is based only on internal sensations and is slow.

Closest to the proposed is a simulator for the development of skills to maintain balance, mainly for surfers, skateboarders, slalomists, etc. according to WO 2004098723 (11/18/2004, A63B 26/00; A63B 69/00; A63B 22/14). The simulator contains a fixed base and moving elements: a cylindrical insert and a board with a recess on the bottom surface and allows you to balance "along two axes" in conditions close to real ones.

A disadvantage of this simulator is also the fact that the athlete’s eyes practically do not participate in the formation of skills to maintain balance, the “feedback chain” does not work or is not fully used, and the formation of skills is not effective enough, and in addition, the known solution does not allow for individual properties of the vestibular apparatus of the user, which makes it ineffective and its use for accelerated adaptation of the group to solving problems related to balancing, keeping equal oats.

Thus, the technical result expected from the use of the invention is to increase the simulator's efficiency by tuning the individual user and the different nature of the formation of vision-brain-muscle feedback, as well as expanding the functionality due to the possibility of being used as an auxiliary tool for complex tasks to maintain balance.

This result is achieved by the fact that the known simulator for the development of skills of maintaining equilibrium and a tool that facilitates maintaining equilibrium, containing at least one element configured to change its angular position together with the supporting limbs of the user, is additionally equipped with a tilt sensor, a controller and a scale connected in series while at least the scale is mounted on a transverse base, which is configured to change its angular position together with about the user's limbs and kinematically connected with a movable base or sports equipment and placed in the field of view of the user, and the scale is configured to display changes in the angular position of the transverse base.

In addition, the controller and the scale can be configured to display both the current angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity or acceleration.

In this case, the tilt sensor and the scale can be made biaxial.

In addition, the controller can be configured to receive and output information on the scale of the degree of involvement of the active system of angular stabilization of the moving base or sports equipment.

It is also advisable to perform a controller with the ability to store information about the optimal position of the body parts of the user for each angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity or acceleration and generation and generation of tasks, instructions and recommendations to the user on the scale.

In addition, the simulator can be equipped with a video camera facing the user, the output of which is connected to the input of the controller, which is configured to store information about the optimal position of the body parts of the user for each angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity or acceleration, comparing this information with information contained in the output signal of the camcorder, and the development and formation on the scale of tasks, directions and recommendations to the user, taking into account his movements and condition.

In this case, the controller can be configured to register and take into account the specifics of the oculomotor activity of the user, in accordance with which an alarm signal is transmitted to the scale or tasks, instructions and recommendations are modified.

It is also advisable to equip the simulator with a mechanism of destabilization and / or means of creating interference with vision, in particular, means of dynamic illumination of the surrounding background or projection of images.

In addition, the kinematic connection of the transverse base with a movable base or sports equipment can be realized by making the transverse base in the form of a mobile display device suitable for fixing on the body, on the hand or holding it in the hand.

In this case, the controller can be made with an output sound emitter, the parameters of which depend on the angular position of the transverse base, its angular velocity and / or acceleration.

And finally, the controller can be configured to receive external information about the environment and display it on a scale.

Thus, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that there is a base located transverse to the conventional direction of movement (for a sports projectile the direction of movement is not conditional, but for a simulator it is conditional) and to a moving base or sports apparatus, depending on what it is fixed. This transverse base can be made in the form of a flexible tape, tablet, strip, and it and the scale installed on it can be airtight if used on water. The transverse base is kinematically connected with the movable one, that is, either mounted on it, or mounted in it, or connected through a user whose legs are on a movable base or sports equipment, and he holds the transverse base in his hand, for example.

In FIG. 1-5 shows an example implementation of the simulator. As shown in FIG. 1-5, on a floor or a fixed base (not shown), cylinders 1, 2 are located on each other (Fig. 1, 2 is a front view and a side view) and a movable base 3, on the free end of which there is a transverse base 4 made, for example, in the form of an elastic flexible tape with a fastener 5 and with a scale 6. Elements 1-3 are installed so that the movable base 3 has the ability to tilt in the transverse (for the user and relative to the axis of the movable base 3) direction.

The block diagram of the device (Fig. 5) includes serially connected tilt sensor 7, controller 8 and scale 6. Information from the tilt sensor 7 is transmitted to controller 8, which on a scale (display) 6 forms figures, symbols, signs indicating the current value and the roll direction of the movable base 3 (arrow 9 in Fig. 5) and the direction and magnitude of the first (loop 10 of arrow 9) and / or the second derivative (not shown) of the slope of the movable base 3. The designation of the magnitude, direction of inclination and its derivatives is conditional and can be displayed by any in an earlier conditioned manner. The tilt sensor 7, if necessary, output to the scale 6 of the angular velocity or acceleration, is configured to generate signals proportional to the specified values. The corresponding arrow and loop can be located on the scale 6 perpendicular to arrow 9 and loop 10 (not shown).

So, in the described embodiment (Fig. 1, 2), the movable base 3 is mounted on the cylinders 1 and 2, so that together with the supporting limbs of the user 11 (Fig. 3), both the movable base 3 and the scale 6 change their position. we are dealing with a simulator in the form of a sports apparatus (board) 3 located on the water, that is, if the training takes place in real conditions, only the scale 6 changes its position together with the supporting limbs of the user. This option is actually shown in FIG. 3.

The possibility of fixing the scale 6 (transverse base 4) on the movable base 3, as already noted, can be realized not only with the fastener 5, but also with the help of clamps, screw connections, etc. Speaking about the fact that not only scale 6 can be fixed on the transverse base 4, we mean that the tilt sensor 7 and the controller 8 can be located both on the transverse base 4 and outside it, on the movable base 3, and the controller 8 also on a fixed base, etc., and in this case, the connection of the controller 8 with the sensor 7, if they are installed in various places, or of the controller 8 and scale 6 is carried out wirelessly using known protocols and tools.

As a result, the user’s field of vision is not only a water surface, floor or other surrounding space, but a scale 6 fixed to the transverse base 4.

The human body, being in difficult conditions for the vestibular apparatus, uses three stabilization systems simultaneously: the vestibular apparatus, visual attachment to reference points, and the muscular system. The specifics of balancing on a SUP floating board or a simulator simulating it (a movable base 3, which can be tilted in the transverse direction, around a longitudinal axis and a uniform or changing ambient background illumination) is that for the second system there are no successful natural informative and effective from the point of view view of maintaining the equilibrium of the anchor points (the water is too homogeneous and unstable, and the board is mobile). At the same time, the third system in an inexperienced athlete is informationally overloaded with continuous muscle control. A good way out of this situation is to create special reference signals for the visual system, and those that could easily be used to create a new control circuit with prediction elements on the basis of the brain to help the vestibular apparatus. This problem is solved by the proposed device (and it is advisable to place the scale 6 on this moving base 3, on the board, so that the viewing angle of the light marks on the scale 6 can be an additional parameter of such a complex regulator). Since the readings of scale 6 are informative and are constantly in front of the user's eyes, the latter quickly gets used to focusing not on surrounding objects or muscle sensations, but on the signs formed by controller 8 on scale 6.

If the simulator or sports equipment is equipped with an active angular stabilization system, this, as a rule, still does not exclude the need for balancing on a moving base or sports equipment 3. In addition, the trainee may be tasked with achieving the minimum involvement of the active system of angular (transverse) stabilization. To this end, one of the information signals of the stabilization system, for example, the engine control signal, is fed to the second input of the controller 8, the second output of which is connected to the second input of the scale 6 and which forms on the scale 6 along with information about the current value and derivative of the angle of inclination of the movable and transverse bases 3, 4 information on the involvement of the right or left engine, for example, in the form of two bright marks, right and left, the size of which or brightness is proportional to the signal received at the input of the corresponding engine gatel.

Thus, the indication (scale 6) is located in a place convenient for the user to view, and provides him with more informative landmarks in the process of maintaining equilibrium, balancing, especially in the transverse direction. It is also advisable to perform a controller with the ability to adjust the transmission coefficients and phase shifts of the channels, the tilt sensor 7 - controller 8 - scale 6, which will provide individual configuration of the simulator in accordance with the features of the user's vestibular apparatus.

Indication, in accordance with the above, works in the following modes or their combinations:

1) a moving label indicating the static parameter of the lateral roll (when outputting data to the display, filtering can be applied to obtain the desired image stability and inertia);

2) an indication of the dynamic parameters of the angular displacement (in the first and second derivatives, respectively) can be used as an addition to mode 1 in the form of a loop or arrow indicating the direction and dynamics of the predicted displacement;

3) for boards and other sports equipment equipped with active stabilization systems, the involvement of the active system (thrust vector of motors, etc.) can be additionally indicated; as, for example, for a floating board according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 149549.

The tilt sensor 7 can be performed on the basis of an accelerometer, an angular velocity sensor, acceleration, etc. Of course, the device includes a communication interface with the stabilization control system (if any) and a remote control (if any) and a battery (battery, solar panel, etc.).

In the memory of the controller 8, a model of maintaining equilibrium in the form of optimal movements of the limbs, pelvis, shoulder girdle and head with various sizes of roll and its derivatives can be stored. This data can be displayed in the form of a schematic moving figure on the scale 6. For this purpose, information from the tilt sensor 7 is fed to the controller 8 to the access unit to the memory unit, information from the memory unit via the interface of the controller 8 is displayed on the scale 6.

Moreover, a video camera can be mounted on the transverse base 4 (indicated by 12 in FIG. 4), facing the user and fixing his movements. The signal from the camera 12 enters the third input of the controller 8, which, in addition to (or instead of) generating a model of user movements on a scale 6 in the manner described above, comparing the actual position of the parts of the user's body with the model stored in the memory of the controller 8, generates a difference signal and displays it on a scale 6. Thus, the user in this embodiment of the device already receives specific instructions for maintaining equilibrium and the learning process is faster. In addition, since the controller 8 receives information about the nature of the user's movements at the moment, the controller is able to draw conclusions about the state of the user, using information from other external devices (see below). These conclusions can be used to modify tasks and recommendations depending on the state, for example, if the user does not have time to follow the recommendations, the controller 8 can choose a slow motion option.

A camera aimed at the user (located, for example, in the plane of the scale 6), is thus able to capture the oculomotor activity and facial expressions of the user. The controller 8 is executed in this case with the ability to analyze the specified activity and respond in different ways:

1) Controller 8, having information about the magnitude and direction of the roll and its derivatives, as well as about the user's actions necessary to maintain equilibrium and actually performed by him, about the direction of the user's gaze, can transmit to the scale 6 or additional means of signaling (speaker, flash) an alarm that draws the user's attention to the need to pack up, move more intensively, etc. An alarm signal can also be generated in controller 8 and displayed on a scale 6 or the aforementioned additional means if the roll or its derivatives exceed threshold values stored in the memory of controller 8, set externally or generated by controller 8 depending on the assessment of the user's skills and his progress in training. The controller can generate this information according to an algorithm that simulates the actions of a trainer, for example, the following: controller 8 during the first interval captures a value characterizing the frequency and amplitude of oscillations of the transverse base 4 or moving base 3 according to the readings of the tilt sensor 7, and then during the second period generates a signal anxiety or a low score when the same characteristic exceeds a threshold that is a fraction of the value obtained in the first period and vice versa, it gives an increased score when stizhenii threshold, etc.

2) In addition to the information specified in paragraph 1, the controller 8 can detect nystagmatic eye movements and dynamic display parameters adaptively adapt to the reaction of the eye (for example, reduce the angular range of movements or the speed of the moving mark in favor of other display parameters such as a loop during movement, variable brightness, color, etc.). Thus, by nystagmus, we not only see when the user is confused and does not perceive the indication, but vice versa, when the situation returned to normal, i.e. a person maintains a situation of balancing and interaction with the device with a minimum of large saccades and / or with a stable set of used nystagmus (quite well synchronized with dynamic spatial display parameters). That is, an adaptive feedback system is used. The same applies to the controller’s reaction to facial expressions and various changes during training: eyes closed for too long, blinking frequency changes, facial muscles tension is too strong and other signs are widely used by psychologists and are well defined when processing video images, along with the failure of actions to balancing, can be a criterion for changing the training regimen or even its termination.

In this case, the use of the memory of the controller 8 or external data memory to record the balancing process in synchronization with external factors of influence also allows a deeper analysis of the training process (or, for example, rehabilitation of a patient with vestibular disorders), and on this basis to judge the dynamics of the state of the subject.

As noted above, the simulator can be carried out with the indication on the mobile gadget (bracelet, watch screen, etc.), or the entire indication can be part of the image on a large screen panel embedded, for example, in the surface of the board or related elements . On such a panel, the location on the map, the parameters of movement along the route, the weather forecast, as well as the forecast of the state of the surrounding water surface or its type and dynamics obtained, for example, from a high point of view or, for example, an unmanned aerial vehicle over the water area, can be displayed on such a panel; At the same time, waves dangerous for the athlete, as well as vectors and parameters of their movement, can be marked.

It should also be explained that, as noted above, the kinematic connection of the movable base 3 with the transverse base 4 and, therefore, the scale 6 can be implemented through the user, if the scale 6 installed in the transverse base 4 is fixed on his hand or held in his hand . Such a connection, as noted above, can also be carried out through the lower cylinder 1, if the scale 6 is mounted on a wall or other object outside the simulator. Further, it is possible to use two scales 6 in the simulator, one of which is, say, in the user's hand, and the second on the transverse base 4 mounted on the movable base 3. It is clear that essentially the transverse base 4 acts as the scale body 6 and in some cases may be absent, for example, if a gadget is in the user's hand, the display of which is a scale 6, or if the scale 6 itself is made with the possibility of fixing it on a movable base 3.

There may be many options for implementing the scale 6, built into the transverse base 4, the simplest one is as follows.

RGB color LEDs are housed in a silicone sealed ribbon for mounting across the surfboard. Choosing a color scheme, it is possible to synthesize different light marks at the same time, for example:

- a white light bunny (all three colors are included in this group of dots) shows the filtered "static" level of the side roll;

- the plume of red dots shows the derivative of the angle, and its dynamics is the second derivative, framing the white roll mark in the corresponding direction;

- the yellow bars on the edges of the indicator, on the right and on the left, varying in length and brightness, indicate for a system equipped with stabilization movers that these movers are involved, and the “zero” can be one burning point on each edge to give the eye a permanent geometric reference, and with an increase in the intensity of the propulsion from this side, the corresponding mark increases in area or brightness.

For this option, the ideal of a surfboard aligned along the side roll corresponds, for example, to three bright points on the indicator line: one white (or green) in the center and two yellow at the edges. In case of a dynamic roll to the right, for example, the white dot moves several positions to the left, leaving a red loop to the right of it (or vice versa, the leading arrow on the left), with a length and / or brightness corresponding to the “danger value”, to which (also to the right, in in this case) joins the increase in the brightness of the yellow marks of the engine.

In addition to the light indication, in some cases, an additional sound alarm can give a good result, for which the controller 8 is supplemented by a sound emitter. This is caused by the fact that auditory information is processed in its separate parts of the brain, and control circuits constructed with its help are no less efficient than using visual information - it is enough to ensure the unambiguity of the correspondence between the balancing parameters and sound signals. So, for example, tonality can determine direction and angle, and intensity or duration can determine angular velocity or acceleration. However, the disadvantages of this alarm include the fact that in many people it can cause increased fatigue.

It should also be noted that to use the claimed device as a simulator, the scale 6, or an additional scale to it, can also be placed on the wall or on the floor of the room in which the simulator is installed, in the field of view of the athlete, and only the tilt sensor 7 should be placed on transverse base 4, kinematically connected with the movable base 3, or directly on the movable base 3, as well as the controller 8. In this case, the surrounding space around the simulator should be a uniform or dynamically changing it (by analogy with the surface of the water, for example), which does not allow vision to be fixed at the reference points. In addition, to complicate the task of balancing, various images (for example, a view from a high bridge, a building, etc.) can be projected onto the background under the base 4 and onto the surrounding space in the subject’s field of view to complicate the balancing task. The dynamic shift of such a picture, where the eye automatically finds reference points, should additionally provoke the subject and train the skill of focusing attention exclusively on scale 6 and using his sensations only in combination with reliable data.

And finally, the simulator can be equipped with a mechanism that creates an imbalance (i.e., a disturbing effect), since it is advisable to be able to change the degree of complexity of the balancing task, including dosing by introducing external destabilizing factors, as for balancing itself (additional mechanical controlled means for example, a random number generator, a digital-to-analog converter, a linear motor, and a thrust connected to the cylinder 1 or 2 with a second end in combination with changes in the background, as well as interference or corrections to the indication - for example, to find out the potential reserves for a given subject or athlete (only for the case of a simulator and training). In this case, changes in oculomotor activity allow you to individually select the limiting modes of the simulator, the optimal display modes, and make sure that there are reserves according to the person’s capabilities for different exercises and, for example, give an estimate. All the necessary tools for this are described above.

We also note that the number of possible options for the implementation and application of the claimed device is not limited to those described above, but is determined by all possible combinations of the elements, means, units and mechanisms indicated in the corresponding sections and paragraphs of the formula.

So, with the help of the proposed simulator, a group of people can be trained on the shore in an accelerated mode, who will have to force for the first time, for example, a water barrier on SUP swimming boards, and after training, a device with individually selected modes in the form of a flexible scale installed across the board can used while swimming, which will greatly facilitate the process and make it much safer for beginners.

Claims (11)

1. A simulator for developing equilibrium holding skills and a means of facilitating equilibrium, comprising at least one element configured to change its angular position together with the supporting limbs of the user, characterized in that it is further equipped with a tilt sensor, a controller and a scale connected in series while at least the scale is mounted on a transverse base, which is configured to change its angular position together with the supporting limbs of the floor zovatelya and kinematically connected to the movable base or exercise equipment and placed in the user's field of view, wherein the scale is arranged to display the change of the angular position of the cross base. 2. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller and scale are configured to display both the current angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity or acceleration. 3. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the tilt sensor and the scale are made biaxial. 4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is configured to receive and output information on the scale of the degree of involvement of the active system of angular stabilization of the moving base or sports equipment. 5. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is configured to store information about the optimal position of the body parts of the user for each angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity or acceleration, and generate and generate tasks, directions and recommendations to the user on the scale. 6. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a video camera facing the user, the output of which is connected to the input of the controller, which is configured to store information about the optimal position of the body parts of the user for each angular position of the transverse base and its angular velocity, or accelerating, comparing this information with the information contained in the output signal of the video camera and generating and forming on the scale of tasks, instructions and recommendations to the user, taking into account his movements and condition. 7. The simulator according to claim 6, characterized in that the controller is configured to register and take into account the specifics of the oculomotor activity of the user, according to which an alarm signal is transmitted to the scale or tasks, instructions and recommendations are modified. 8. The simulator on PP. 1-7, characterized in that it is equipped with a destabilizing mechanism and / or means of creating interference with vision, in particular means of dynamic illumination of the surrounding background or projection of images. 9. The simulator on PP. 1-7, characterized in that the kinematic connection of the transverse base with a movable base or sports equipment is implemented by making the transverse base in the form of a mobile display device suitable for fixing on the body, on the hand or holding it in the hand. 10. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is made with an output sound emitter, the parameters of which depend on the angular position of the transverse base, its angular velocity and / or acceleration. 11. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the controller is configured to receive external information about the environment and display it on a scale.

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