RU2584121C2 - Device for proof of properties of hydrostatic (weight) of liquid pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training means.

SUBSTANCE: device for proving three properties of weight of hydrostatic pressure has a closed container made of sheet material and having surface inclined to horizon at different angles, connected to a transparent tube piezometers. One of tubes with funnel serves for filling reservoir with water. Other tubes are made as communicating vessels for fixation of water level at same horizon. Two tubes are connected to reservoir at same level, but to different inclined surfaces of reservoir, and one is connected in reservoir bottom. In differently inclined to horizon surfaces of reservoir are drilled holes which can be closed by plugs, serving for visual observation of trajectories of water jets.

EFFECT: invention can be used for laboratory work on “Hydraulics” course.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for laboratory work in the engineering course "Hydraulics" and is a visual aid for proving the properties of weight hydrostatic pressure.

These properties are as follows:

1. Hydrostatic pressure acts perpendicular to the site of action and directed in its direction.

2. It acts in all directions equally, regardless of the orientation of the site (Pascal's law).

3. It linearly depends on the immersion depth of the action site under the water level.

In the textbook "Hydraulics" P.P. Chugaev (1986), the first property is practically not proved theoretically. The second and third property is proved analytically.

In the textbook "Fundamentals of hydraulics, water supply and sewage" authors V.I. Calicin, B.C. Kedrov, Yu.M. Laskov, P.F. Safonov, the first property is proved by the method of the contrary, and the rest are also analytically.

No experimental methods for proving these properties have been encountered in published works. There are no such devices in the hydraulics laboratories of the Leningrad Polytechnic University and the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

The technical result of the invention is the ability to demonstrate the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for proving the three properties of the weight hydrostatic pressure contains a closed container made of sheet material and having surfaces inclined to the horizon at different angles, transparent tubes-piezometers connected to the container, one of which, with a funnel, serves for filling the tank with water, and the others are made as communicating vessels for fixing water levels on one horizon, while two tubes are connected to the tank at the same level, but to azlichno inclined surfaces of the container, and one is connected at the bottom of the container, and in variously inclined to the horizontal surfaces of the container are drilled with the possibility of closing stoppers which serve for visual observation trajectories streams of water.

The drawing schematically shows this device made of a conventional can of thin-walled sheet and demonstrated for five years while giving lectures or during laboratory work in the Borisoglebsky branch of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.

The device includes a container (jar) 1 with a vertical cylindrical smooth surface, a bottom and lids with corrugated surfaces 2, on which there are horizontal and inclined to the horizontal surface sections.

A fitting is soldered in the center of the lid and a transparent piezometer tube (3) is attached to it with a funnel for filling the tank with water. In the upper corner of the tank, two piezometer-gauges made of transparent pipes are connected at the same level: one (5) to the vertical part of the surface, the other (4) to the horizontal.

The third piezometer (transparent tube) 6 is connected at the bottom of the tank. Drills of small diameter drilled holes 7, 8 and 9, respectively, on horizontal inclined and vertical surfaces. These holes when filling the tank with water are closed cone-shaped (on this device) or other plugs.

The proof of the properties is as follows.

Through a transparent tube 3 with a funnel, the tank is filled with water. Air is displaced from the tank through piezometers 4, 5 and open holes 7, 8. After air is displaced, openings 7 and 8 are closed with plugs, and the water levels in all transparent tubes are set on the same horizon.

To prove the first property, one of the holes is opened alternately or all together. In this case, the trajectories of all streams are clearly observed, “flying out” from all holes at an angle of 90 ° to the sites. All trickles “fly out”, naturally, under the effective pressure equal to the difference in the marks of the water horizon in all the tubes and the marks of the hole.

The proof of the second property of hydrostatic pressure is the equality of water levels in piezometers (transparent tubes) 4 and 5 with closed plugs. This indicates the equality of pressure on the vertical and horizontal platforms of action. If near the piezometers 4 and 5 there was an inclined platform at the same level from the horizon and a piezometer was connected to it, the result would be the same.

The third property is confirmed by the reading of the transparent tube of piezometer 6. Since hydrostatic pressure can be measured not only in pascals, kg / cm ² , atmospheres, but also in meters (centimeters) of water, the reading of piezometer 6 indicates that the pressure increases in depth with deepening linearly.

Claims (1)

A device for proving the three properties of weight hydrostatic pressure, containing a closed container made of sheet material and having surfaces inclined to the horizon at different angles, transparent pipe piezometers connected to the container, one of which, with a funnel, serves to fill the container with water, and others are made as communicating vessels for fixing water levels on one horizon, while two tubes are connected to the vessel at the same level, but to differently inclined surfaces of the vessel, and one It is connected at the bottom of the tank, and holes are drilled in the surfaces of the tank differently inclined to the horizon, with the possibility of closing them with plugs, which serve to visually observe the trajectories of water jets.

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