RU2584117C1 - Visual aid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training means.

SUBSTANCE: from two to three of rotating units relative to axis of elements are connected to each other. On turning elements there are visual elements, combinations of which form common semantic images. In folded state of units each of at least two rotary elements of first unit is made overlaying from the top edge of rotary element of second unit. Different from at least two rotary elements of first unit are overlapping edge different rotary elements of second unit. In range between lower and upper overlapping of rotary elements of first unit and covered swivel elements of second unit, including top of them, each turning element covering top edge of rotary element of other of two units, is element of first unit. At least one of overlapping rotary elements of first unit and covered swivel elements of second unit are inner rotary elements of their units.

EFFECT: technical result is possibility of avoiding exposure of combinations of visual elements making up semantic image, exposure of which is undesirable and/or is subject to ban.

1 cl, 13 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices that can be used as visual aids, and can be used to visualize information, in particular, in gaming and educational manuals.

Known textbook (US patent 3469325 of September 30, 1969, IPC G09B 3/00, 19/00) containing a frame, task cards and answers and a collection of exercises. The edges of the task and answer cards are encoded.

The disadvantage of the manual is the complexity of its design: the shape of the coded edges of the frame and the cards of tasks and answers must mutually correspond (differ or coincide) depending on their locations and the information displayed, for which it is necessary to carry out rigorous work on the design and implementation of such edges, while in operation manuals, the user must sort through and mechanically position cards in search of cards with corresponding edges, and the absence of a permanent connection of cards and amki admits the possibility of the loss of individual cards, with the result that the benefit will be unsuitable for the intended use.

Known means for arithmetic calculations (US patent 208037 from September 17, 1878), containing nine connected and placed next to one another blocks of sheets of numbers.

A means for teaching reading is known (US patent 6966777 B2 dated November 22, 2005, IPC G09B 1/00), containing six interconnected blocks of sheets rotatable relative to the axis of the sheet (rotary elements) with the letters of the alphabet, the blocks are placed next to one another on a single rotation axis sheets lying in the plane of the sheets.

As a drawback of these tools, you can specify that when turning over (turning the sheets around the axis of their rotation), the user can be exposed to all kinds of combinations of visual elements (numbers and letters, respectively) applied to them, including those combinations that are not in demand and / or do not make sense to the user: for example, a means for arithmetic calculations can expose combinations of numbers forming numbers that exceed the result of the calculations, and a tool for teaching reading can be demonstrated Rowan combination of six identical letters, that is not in demand in terms of learning to read words.

Known books on arithmetic operations (Publishing house “Arkaim”, Russia, ISBN 5-8029-0703-7 from 01.01.2004 - book on addition), selected as a prototype, containing three interconnected blocks of sheets rotatable relative to the axis (rotary elements) ), the blocks are placed next to each other on a single axis of rotation of the sheets lying in the plane of the sheets, the values of the first argument, the second argument and the answer of the arithmetic operation are plotted on the sheets of the first, second and third blocks.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that when turning over to the user, all possible combinations of arguments and, consequently, the corresponding arithmetic problems are exposed to the user, including tasks that are not answered in the book. This misleads the user, forcing him to fruitlessly solve problems that cannot be solved with the help of this book, and makes the work with the manual unproductive, and sometimes harmful, because fruitless attempts to solve unsolvable problems can cause negative psychological consequences for the user.

Moreover, such unsolvable tasks may simply go beyond the user's knowledge. So, a manual intended to teach the account of a child who knows numbers (numbers) from 1 (or 0) to N (for example, N = 5 or N = 10) should expose the child, on the one hand, to the maximum possible number of tasks using these digits, and on the other hand, should expose only those problems in which these numbers are used, including excluding the exposure of problems whose answers are greater than N, negative or fractional. For this, it is necessary that the manual allows to exclude the exposure of those combinations of sheets with visual elements that make up such tasks (tasks for which answers are greater than N, negative or fractional).

The objective of the invention is to increase the ergonomics of visual aids by improving the functional and operational capabilities of the device.

The technical result of the invention is to prevent exposure to the user of those combinations of visual elements that make up semantic images, the exposure of which is undesirable and / or subject to prohibition, with a minimum number of rotary elements.

The technical result is achieved in that in a visual aid containing at least two interconnected blocks of rotary elements relative to the axis with visual elements placed on them, while combinations of visual elements placed on the rotary elements of different blocks form uniform semantic images, additionally in the folded state of the blocks, each of at least two rotary elements of the first block is made overlapping from above the edge part of the rotary element of the second block, while each of the aforementioned at least two pivoting elements of the first block is made overlapping the edge parts of different pivoting elements of the second block, and in the interval between the lower and upper of the aforementioned overlapping pivoting elements of the first block and overlapping pivoting elements of the second block, including the upper ones, each pivoting element , overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the other of these two blocks, is an element of the first block, while at least one of the above intersections The pivoting pivoting elements of the first block and the overlapping pivoting elements of the second block are internal pivoting elements of their blocks.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 ÷ 13.

In FIG. Figures 1 to 4 show examples of possible arrangements of rotary elements in the folded state of the blocks (view from the front side of the rotary elements perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary elements).

In FIG. 5 ÷ 9 are examples of possible layouts of rotary elements with visual elements placed on them in visual aids on arithmetic:

- in FIG. 5 ÷ 8 shows a view from the front of the rotary elements (for a visual representation of the overlap pattern of the rotary elements and the arrangement of the visual elements, the rotary / visual elements are shown with vertical extension / displacement in the plane of the figure);

- in FIG. 9 is a view from the end side of the rotary elements perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotary elements (visual elements are schematically shown in semicircles above / below the rotary elements).

In FIG. 1 ÷ 4 and 9 arrows indicate the area of overlap of the rotary elements and at the same time show the direction of movement of the rotary elements when turning to the external (front) side.

In FIG. 10 ÷ 13 are examples of the appearance of visual aids:

- in FIG. 10, 11, the disclosed visual aid is presented when arranging visual elements on the front and back sides of the rotary elements and connecting the rotary elements into blocks using a spiral (in Fig. 11, tasks on different arithmetic operations — addition and subtraction — are formed on the front and back sides of the rotary elements; in Fig. 10 - one arithmetic operation — addition, but in different graphic images);

- in FIG. 12 shows the disclosed visual aid for arranging visual elements on the front and back side of the rotary elements and connecting the rotary elements into blocks by binding;

- in FIG. 13 illustrates a visual aid with a “house” base when positioning visual elements on the front side of the rotary elements and connecting the rotary elements into blocks using a spiral.

In FIG. 1 ÷ 13 is indicated:

1 - the first block of rotary elements;

2 - the second block of rotary elements;

3 - the third block of rotary elements;

4 - rotary elements;

5 - visual elements;

6 - front side;

7 - the back side;

8 - rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block;

9 - rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block;

10 - overlap area of the rotary elements;

11 - the lower of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block;

12 - the lower of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block;

13 - the upper of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block;

14 - the upper of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block;

15 is a rotary element located below the lower of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block;

16 - a rotary element located under the lower of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block;

17 is a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block;

18 is a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block;

19 - the lower of the rotary elements of the third block;

20 - the upper of the rotary elements of the third block;

21 - the place of connection of the rotary elements into a single element;

22 - base cover;

23 - base "house".

Visual aid in one version contains more than two interconnected blocks of rotary elements - the 1st, 2nd and 3rd blocks of rotary elements 1, 2, 3 in FIG. 1, 2. In another embodiment, the visual aid contains two interconnected blocks of rotary elements - the first and second blocks of rotary elements 1, 2 in FIG. 3, 4. On the rotary elements 4 of the blocks are placed visual elements 5 located on the front side 6 and / or the back side 7 of the rotary elements 4. Combinations of visual elements 5 placed on the rotary elements 4 of different blocks form uniform semantic images.

There is at least one folded state of the blocks in which the rotary elements of the first block (namely, the rotary elements of the first block overlapping the edge of the rotary element of the second block 8 from above) are directly superimposed on top of the edges of the rotary elements of the second block (namely, the edges of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is blocked from above by the rotary element of the first block 9). At the same time, different pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 8 from above, overlap the edges of different pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapping from above by the pivoting element of the first block 9. The pivoting elements indicated by 11 and 12 constitute the lower pair of overlapping pivoting elements , indicated by positions 8 and 9. The pivoting elements, indicated by 13 and 14, make up the upper pair of overlapping pivoting elements, indicated by 8 and 9.

Consider the rotary elements of the first and second blocks of the rotary elements 1 and 2, which in the said folded state of the blocks are located directly on top of the rotary elements indicated by 11 and 12, and above them to the rotary elements indicated by 13 and 14, inclusive. In this interval of pivoting elements (i.e., between pivoting elements indicated by 11 and 12, on the one hand, and pivoting elements indicated by 13 and 14, including the pivoting elements themselves, indicated by 13 and 14, on the other hand) each the rotary element of one block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of another block, is an element of the first block of rotary elements 1.

For example, in the considered interval of the rotary elements of the first and second blocks of rotary elements 1, 2, this requirement means that:

- only the rotary elements of the first block of rotary elements 1 overlap from above the rotary elements of another block (in this case, the second block of rotary elements 2);

- not a single rotary element of the second block of rotary elements 2 overlaps on top of the rotary elements of another block (in this case, the first block of rotary elements 1);

- the rotary elements of the second block of rotary elements 2 cover only the rotary elements of its own second block of rotary elements 2.

In said folded state of the blocks, at least one of the aforementioned overlapping pivoting elements of the first block (namely, pivoting elements of the first block overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 8) and overlapping pivoting elements of the second block (namely, pivoting elements of the second block, edge which are overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 9) are internal rotary elements of their blocks.

For example, in the arrangement of the pivoting elements shown in FIG. 1 ÷ 4, this requirement is expressed by the fact that:

- in the first block of pivoting elements 1 below from the bottom of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 11, there is at least one more pivoting element (namely, the pivoting element located below the lower of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 15) and / or from above the top of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 13, at least one more rotary ement (namely, the rotary member disposed over the top of the rotary elements of the first block overlapping the top edge of the pivot member 17 of the second block);

- in the second block of pivoting elements 2 below from the bottom of the pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is blocked from above by the pivoting element of the first block 12, at least one more pivoting element is located (namely, the pivoting element located under the lower of the pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 16) and / or from above from the top of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 14, at least one more company commander element (namely, the rotary member disposed over the top of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is covered from above the rotatable element of the first block 18).

Denote:

a _i , b _i , i = 1, ..., K, K≥2 is a sequence of pairs of rotary elements of the first block arranged from the bottom up, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 8, and rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 9, in which each pivoting element of the first block a _i directly overlaps the edge of the pivoting element of the second block b _i from above (a pair of pivoting elements a ₁ b ₁ comprise the lower of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping the edge of the pivoting element the second block 11, and the lower of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is blocked from above by the rotary element of the first block 12; a pair of rotary elements a _K , b _K comprise the upper of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 13, and the upper of rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 14);

a _i , b _i , i = 0 - a rotary element located under the lower of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping the edge of the rotary element of the second block 15, and a rotary element located under the lower of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped on top of the rotary element first block 16;

a _i , b _i , i = K + 1 - a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 17, and a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above the rotary element of the first block 18.

Possible arrangements for the relative positioning of the pivoting elements shown in FIG. 1 ÷ 4, differ in the presence of different combinations of rotary elements indicated by positions 15, 16, 17 and 18:

- in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a manual in which all pivoting elements are indicated by 15, 16, 17 and 18;

- in FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the manual, in which there are rotary elements indicated by the numbers 15 and 16, while in the first block over the top of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping the edge of the rotary element of the second block 13, and in the second block over the top of the rotary elements of the second block , the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 14, there are no rotary elements;

- in FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the manual, in which there are rotary elements indicated by positions 15 and 18, while in the second block under the lower of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 12, and in the first block over the top of the rotary elements of the first a block overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 13, there are no rotary elements;

- in FIG. 4 shows a diagram of the manual, in which there are rotary elements indicated by 16 and 17, while in the first block under the lower of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 11, and in the second block over the top of the rotary elements of the second block , the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 14, there are no rotary elements.

As an example, consider the addition aid illustrated in FIG. 5, using integers from 0 to 10 as the terms and result. The values of the terms are placed in the following order:

- on the pivoting element located below the lower of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 15, a ₀ and on the ten pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 8, a _i , i = 1, ... , 10, the values of the first term are sequentially placed - the numbers i = 0, ..., 10;

- on the pivoting element located under the lower of the pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the pivoting element of the first block 16, b ₀ and on the ten pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapping from above by the pivoting element of the first block 9, b _i , i = 1 , ..., 10, the values of the second term are sequentially placed - the numbers j = 10-i, where i = 0, ..., 10;

- on the eleven rotary elements of the third block of rotary elements 3 there are values of the result - the numbers i = 0, ..., 10 (in the general case, they can be placed in an arbitrary order).

In this case, the visual elements 5 (terms and results) are placed in such a way that each rotary element 4 located on top of another rotary element 4 with the visual element 5 completely or partially covers this visual element 5.

Work with the manual is as follows.

In the initial state of benefits, the first, second and third blocks of rotary elements 1, 2, 3 are in a folded state. Next, the user flips the rotary elements of 4 blocks. Visual elements 5 on the surfaces of the rotary elements 4 of the blocks facing the user form uniform semantic images in the form of an arithmetic operation with two arguments and the result.

The visual elements 5 of the second block of rotary elements 2, located on the front side 6 of the rotary element b _i and the rotary elements between the rotary elements b _i and b _{i + 1} , will be jointly exposed only with:

- visual elements 5 arranged on the front side of the rotary members 4, 6 of the first block of rotary elements 1 disposed below the rotary element a _{i + 1;}

- visual elements 5 located on the back side 7 of the rotary elements 4 of the first block of rotary elements 1 starting from the rotary element a _{i + 1} and below it.

At the same time, these same visual elements 5 of the second block of rotary elements 2 will always be exposed separately from:

- visual elements 5 located on the front side 6 of the rotary elements 4 of the first block of rotary elements 1 starting from the rotary element a _{i + 1} and above it;

- visual elements 5 arranged on the back side 7 of the rotary members of the first block 4 the rotary members 1 arranged above the rotary element a _{i + 1.}

As a result, the manual will compile tasks i + j, where i = 0, ..., 10 and j = 0, ..., 10-i. At the same time, the manual will exclude the possibility of forming tasks i + j, where i = 1, ..., 9 and j = 11-i, ..., 10.

Thus, this addition guide exposes the user to 66 “correct” arithmetic problems — tasks that use integers from 0 to 10 as arguments and answers — and excludes the exposure of 55 problems that use integers from 1 to 10 as arguments , but the answers to which exceed 10. Moreover, the manual uses the minimum number of rotary elements in each block - 11, i.e. each number in each block is not repeated and is used to formulate all tasks with a given argument value.

Similarly, shown in FIG. 6, the subtraction manual contains 11 rotary elements in each block, at the same time exposing the user to 66 “correct” problems and excluding the exposure of 55 problems, the answers to which are negative. Presented in FIG. 7, the manual for multiplication contains 11 rotary elements in each block, at the same time it exposes to the user 48 “correct” problems and excludes the exposure of 73 problems whose answers exceed 10. 8, the division manual contains 4 rotary elements in each block, at the same time exposing the user to 10 “correct” tasks and excluding the exposure of 6 tasks, the answers to which are fractional.

Visual aid in a performance containing only two blocks of rotary elements is made similar to the above visual aid with three blocks of rotary elements minus the third block of rotary elements 3. This visual aid is convenient to use, for example, for oral work, when the student gives verbal answers to the using task aids.

Visual elements 5 can be made in the form of flat or embossed, including structural, elements that realize visual images, signs, pictures, etc.

Semantic images can be formed on one front or back surface of the rotary elements of different blocks (Fig. 2), simultaneously on the front and back surface of the rotary elements of different blocks (Fig. 1), as well as on the front surface of the rotary elements of one block and the back surface of the rotary elements another block (Fig. 3, 4). In FIG. Figure 9 shows an example of placing images of different arithmetic operations on the front and back sides of rotary elements: respectively, addition and subtraction using integers from 1 to 5. This manual contains 5 rotary elements in each block, and it exposes the user to 10 “correct” addition and subtraction problems (in this case, “correct” problems use integers from 1 to 5 as arguments and answers) and excludes the exposure of 12 problems, the answers to which are less than 1 and exceed 5.

The pivoting element located below the lower of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 15, and the pivoting element located below the bottom of the pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the pivoting element of the first block 16, can be made as a single item.

Also, the pivoting element located on top of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 17, and the pivoting element located on top of the top of pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped on top of the pivoting element of the first block 18, can be made in the form single item.

If the manual of the third block of pivoting elements 3 contains all or any two of the following three pivoting elements: a pivoting element located below the lower of the pivoting elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the pivoting element of the second block 15, a pivoting element located below the lower of the pivoting elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element of the first block 16, and the lower of the rotary elements of the third block 19, can be made in the form of a single element.

Also, all or any of two of the following three rotary elements: a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the first block, overlapping from above the edge of the rotary element of the second block 17, a rotary element located on top of the upper of the rotary elements of the second block, the edge of which is overlapped from above by the rotary element the first block 18, and the upper of the rotary elements of the third block 20, can be made in the form of a single element.

Such combined elements can serve as the basis for benefits, for example, in the form of a base-cover 22, the basis of the "house" 23, etc.

The means of connecting the rotary elements into blocks can be made in the form of a binding or in the form of a connection using a spiral. When using a spiral connection, the size of the overlap area of the rotary elements 10, measured along the direction parallel to the axis of the spiral, is at least D-S, where D is the size of the holes for the spiral, measured along the direction parallel to the axis of the spiral, S is the thickness of the spiral. At least one hole for the spiral can be placed inside the overlap area of the rotary elements 10. This ensures the reliability of the overlap and at the same time ensures the connection of the blocks. The axis of rotation of the rotary elements of different blocks can be located at an angle to one another.

We describe the technical effect of the invention.

The invention allows to automatically expose the user to only those combinations of visual elements that make up semantic images, the exposure of which is necessary and / or allowed, and to automatically exclude the user from exposing all other combinations of visual elements, namely those combinations of visual elements that make up semantic images, the exposure of which undesirable and / or prohibited. At the same time, the manual uses the minimum possible number of rotary elements - each visual element is used to form different semantic images.

The obtained effect is achieved due to the proposed overlap of the rotary elements of two blocks, due to the fact that the proposed rotary elements of the second block cover only the rotary elements of the same block and do not cover the rotary elements of the first block, as well as due to the proposed arrangement of overlapping rotary elements in their blocks .

Visual aid guarantees that the user is provided only with “correct” information - information whose exposure is necessary and / or permitted. For taskbooks, this guarantees the correctness of all tasks, and also, in the presence of the third block of rotary elements, the presence of answers provided for tasks in the manual. This makes the work with the manual convenient and productive, gives the user psychological confidence in its use and, in general, increases the ergonomics of the manual.

Industrial execution of the essential features characterizing the invention is not complicated and can be performed using known technologies.

As a result of the manufacturing of the experimental sample of the visual aid described as an example, the claimed technical effect was confirmed, while in the presented embodiment the first, second and third blocks of the rotary elements have a single axis of rotation of the rotary elements and the overlap of the rotary elements of the first and second blocks is carried out as shown in FIG. 5, due to the different width of the pivoting elements: the width of the pivoting elements of the first block, indicated by 8, increases from the underlying pivoting element to the overlying one, and the width of the pivoting elements of the second block, indicated by 9, decreases accordingly from the underlying pivoting element to the overlying one.

The invention can be used for training in various disciplines: along with tasks in arithmetic, visual elements of visual aid can display, for example, letter images and punctuation marks, combinations of which are texts used to teach reading, designation of chemical elements, indices and compounds, combinations which are the chemical formulas used to study chemistry, etc.

Claims (1)

A visual aid containing two to three inclusive interconnected blocks of rotary elements relative to the axis with visual elements placed on them, while combinations of visual elements placed on the rotary elements of different blocks form uniform semantic images, characterized in that when the blocks are folded each of at least two rotary elements of the first block is made overlapping on top of the edge part of the rotary element of the second block, while different from the above less than two pivoting elements of the first block are made overlapping the edge parts of different pivoting elements of the second block, and in the interval between the lower and upper of the aforementioned overlapping pivoting elements of the first block and overlapping pivoting elements of the second block, including the upper ones, each pivoting element overlapping from above the edge the pivot element of the other of these two blocks is an element of the first block, with at least one of the aforementioned overlapping pivot elements ntov first block and overlapping the rotary members of the second block are internal rotary elements of its block.

Images