RU2583336C1 - Active phased array transceiver - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communication.

SUBSTANCE: claimed transceiver active phased array antenna includes m emitters sublattice dividers control device, sum and difference inputs transceiver active phased array antenna, as well as m/4 modules transceiver amplifying divider test signal and beam combiner, with this radiators are combined in pairs in line emitters, two lines of transmitters and receiving unit, a transmitting amplifier form a sublattice, each module receiving and transmitting amplifier comprises four transceiver channels, two divider, control and monitoring divider test signal is operable to evenly distribute for each channel of the microwave signal in the calibration mode, the beam-combiner comprises a directional coupler, the control device, m / 4 phase shifters with phase increments position microwave signal 180°.

EFFECT: technical result is the creation of receiving and transmitting the active phased array of high reliability with a simplified scheme of construction, forming the sum and difference pattern and carrying out autonomous control and calibration of the transceiver channels.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of radio engineering, in particular to antenna technology, and can be used in radar, communications and other systems located on aircraft.

The prior art "Dual-band antenna system" (patent RU No. 2177662, published December 27, 2001, IPC: H01Q 21/00), including a high-frequency phased array (phased array), waveguide emitters of which form a regular periodic structure, and a low-frequency phased array whose emitters form a regular periodic structure. The emitters of both headlamps form a single aperture of the antenna system, the emission centers of both headlamps coincide with each other or are shifted by the magnitude of the location period of the emitters of the high-frequency headlamp. The emitters of the high-frequency headlamp are combined into continuous lines, and the emitters of the low-frequency headlamp are located between the lines of the high-frequency headlamp, forming rows. Moreover, the values of the periods of arrangement of the emitters of the low-frequency headlamp in a row are performed exactly in accordance with the value required for a given scanning sector, and between the rows discretely with a step that is a multiple of the value of the period of the arrangement of the lines of emitters of a high-frequency headlamp. The low-frequency emitters may not be located on the entire aperture, forming a two-row and three-row structures, or occupy the entire aperture, and the high-frequency emitters - only the central part of the aperture, or can be shifted by a random amount, or can be made in the form of shortened H-shaped vibrators active arm length L ₁ and length L passive arm ₂ mounted on a rack provided on the coaxial line section with a length h Balun slits and a length L _3, wherein L _1, L _2, L _3, h is selected I formulas.

The disadvantages of such a dual-band antenna system are the lack of the possibility of forming a total-difference beam pattern (LH) and the lack of a beam control system, as well as a purely passive mode of operation.

Known passive-active phased antenna array (patent RU No. 2299502, published 05/20/2007, IPC: H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26), consisting of n radiating elements, n transceiver modules (PPM) and distribution system. The PPM includes m active PPMs, each of which contains a power amplifier of the transmitting channel, low-noise amplifiers of the receiving channel, phase shifters, a control and monitoring circuit, (n-m) passive PPM, each of which contains a phase shifter and a phase shifter control circuit. For each of the m active PPMs, the input in transmission mode (output in reception mode) is connected to the corresponding output (input) of the microwave power distribution system, and the output in transmission mode (input in reception mode) is connected to a common channel of the power divider (power adder) . The emitting element is directly connected to one output channel in the transmission mode (the input channel in the reception mode) of the power divider (power adder), and the radiating elements are connected in series to the remaining channels in series through passive SCM.

The disadvantages of this passive-active phased antenna array are: the lack of the possibility of generating differential radiation patterns, the excessive cumbersomeness and complexity of the construction scheme, which is associated with the serial connection of active and passive transceiver modules, and the associated increased energy loss for transmission and reception. In addition, the passive-active headlamp channels are controlled from the outside, which significantly complicates and increases the cost of building a control system.

The closest in technical essence is an active phased antenna array (patent RU No. 2338307, published November 10, 2008, IPC: H01Q 21/00, H01Q 3/26, H01Q 25/02), consisting of m emitters connected to m transceivers modules (PPM), distribution and phasing device (URF) and divider. The AFAR also includes a radiation shaper (PDN), which has two inputs and four outputs, three dividers (D), 2K-1 distribution and phasing devices (URF), 2K peripheral control devices (UU), made with the possibility of establishing the required values phase relations in accordance with the control signals received from the beam control unit (BUL). Moreover, each of the four high-frequency (HF) outputs of the PDD is connected to the HF input of the corresponding divider having K / 2 HF outputs each, where K is an even number. The 2K RF outputs of the dividers are connected to the RF inputs of the corresponding RFMs having each m RF outputs, where m is any integer. Each of the 2Km RF outputs of the URF is connected to the RF input of the corresponding 2Km PPM, the RF outputs of which are connected to the emitters. Moreover, each distribution and phasing device connected to the high-frequency inputs of m transceiver modules connected to m emitters, a peripheral control device, m of low-frequency outputs of which are connected to low-frequency inputs of m transceiver modules, and the low-frequency (m + 1) -th the output of the peripheral control device is connected to the low-frequency input of the distribution and phasing device, form a sublattice, and the low-frequency inputs of all peripheral control devices are connected to the output of the unit The beam control window, the input of the beam control unit is the control input of the active phased array antenna, the first and second inputs of the beam former are the total and difference inputs of the active phased array antenna.

The disadvantages of this active phased antenna array are the excessive bulkiness and complexity of the construction scheme, which is associated with the presence of a large number of functional units in the form of separate blocks. In addition, peripheral devices are controlled by a single device, which leads to a complication of the cable network and a decrease in the reliability of the AFAR as a whole.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is the creation of a transceiver active phased antenna array of increased reliability with a simplified construction scheme, with the possibility of implementing the simultaneous formation of the total and differential DN, as well as achieving complete autonomy both in terms of controlling the transceiver channels by introducing control devices and control in each MPPU, and in part of the RF calibration of the transceiver channels by introducing a test channel.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the transceiver is active phased antenna array containing m emitters, sublattices, dividers, a control device, the total and difference inputs of the transceiver active phased antenna array. At the same time, it differs from the prototype in that it additionally includes m / 4 transceiver amplifying modules, a test signal divider (TTS) and a beam-forming adder, the emitters being paired into emitter lines, two emitter arrays and the amplifier transceiver module form a sublattice with autonomous control of the transceiver channels, each transceiver amplifier module includes four transceiver channels (PPC), two dividers (D), a control and monitoring device (CID), a test divider of the signal (TPA) is configured to evenly distribute the microwave signal to each channel in calibration mode, the beam-forming adder including a directional coupler, control device (UE), m / 4 phase shifters (PV) with a discrete installation of the phase of the microwave signal 180 °, wherein the input of each transceiver channel is connected to the corresponding output of the control and monitoring device, the input-output of each transceiver channel is connected to the input-output of the corresponding divider, while the input of each phase the holder is connected to the output of the control device, and the outputs of all phase shifters are connected to the inputs of the amplifier transceiver modules (MPPU), the high-frequency inputs and outputs of the emitters included in the lines of the emitters are connected to the high-frequency inputs and outputs of the modules of the transceiver amplifiers, and the high-frequency inputs the emitter lines are connected to the high-frequency outputs of the test signal divider, the high-frequency inputs of the amplifier transceiver modules are connected to the outputs of the directional coupler (BUT), included in the diagram-forming adder, the low-frequency input of the MPPU is connected to the output of the radar station (radar) via a serial communication line, the low-frequency input of the control device included in the diagram-forming adder is connected to the radar output through a parallel communication line, the total output and the differential output of the diagram-forming adder are total and differential inputs of the transceiver active phased antenna array.

The device and operation of the transceiver active phased array antenna are illustrated by the drawings of FIG. 1 - FIG. 2.

In FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a transceiver active phased array antenna, which includes the following:

1 - emitters,

2 - line emitters,

3 - amplifying transceiver modules (MPPU),

4 - test signal divider (TPA),

5 - adder

6 - serial communication line,

7 - parallel communication line,

8 - the total output of the beam-forming adder,

9 - differential output of the beam-forming adder,

10 - transceiver channels (PPC),

11 - dividers (D),

12 - control and monitoring device (UUK),

13 - directional coupler (BUT),

14 - phase shifter (PV),

15 - control device (UE).

In FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of a transceiver channel (PPC), which includes:

16 - circulator

17 - phase shifter,

18 - protective device (memory),

19 - low noise amplifier (LNA),

20 - controlled attenuator (Att),

21 - preliminary power amplifier (PRUM),

22 - controlled power amplifier (UUM).

The transceiver active phased antenna array (Fig. 1) contains m emitters 1 combined in pairs in a line of emitters 2, m / 4 amplifier transceiver modules (MPPU) 3. In this case, two emitter arrays 2 and an amplifier transceiver module 3 form a sublattice with autonomous control of the transceiver channels by means of a control and monitoring device 12 in accordance with the information received via the serial communication line. In this case, the transceiver active phased antenna array can include any number of sublattices without adjusting the radar control algorithms, determined by the type and dimensions of the aircraft. Also, the transceiver active phased antenna array includes a test signal divider (TPA) 4 and a beam-forming adder 5.

The high-frequency inputs-outputs of the emitters 1 lines of emitters 2 are connected to the high-frequency inputs-outputs of the modules of the transceiver amplifying 3, and the high-frequency inputs of the lines of emitters 2 are connected to the high-frequency outputs of the divider of the test signal (TPA) 4. The high-frequency inputs of the modules of the transceiver amplifying 3 are connected to the outputs of the beam-forming adder 5. The low-frequency input of the MPPU 3 is connected to the output of the radar station via a serial communication line 6. The low-frequency input of the the combining adder 5 (CC) through a parallel communication line 7 is connected to the output of the radar. The total output 8 and the differential output 9 of the beam-forming adder 5 are the total and differential inputs of the transceiver active phased array antenna.

Each transceiver amplifier module 3 includes four transceiver channels (PPC) 10, two dividers (D) 11, a control and monitoring device (CC) 12. Moreover, the input of each transceiver channel 10 is connected to the corresponding output of the control device and control 12. The input-output of each transceiver channel 10 is connected to the input-output of the corresponding divider 11.

The test signal divider (TLS) 4 is designed to evenly distribute the microwave signal to each of the m / 2 channels at the input (T) 23 of the test signal divider 4 from the radar transmitter in calibration mode.

The diagram-forming adder 5 includes a directional coupler 13, m / 4 of phase shifters (PV) 14, a control device (CU) 15. Phase shifters 14 carry out a high-speed phase shift of microwave signals by 180 ° in accordance with the control algorithm by command from a radar in parallel line communication 7. The control device 15 converts the information received on a parallel communication line to ensure the inversion of the generated radiation patterns (ND) at the inputs of the adder, that is, a difference is formed at the total input the main radiation pattern, and on the difference - the total radiation pattern.

At the same time, the input of each phase shifter 14 is connected to the output of the control device 15, and the outputs of all phase shifters 14 are connected to the inputs of the amplifier transceiver modules 3. Each transceiver channel 10 (Fig. 2) includes a transmit and receive channel, connected on both sides by circulators 16, as well as a phase shifter (PV) 17. The receiving channel PPK 10 includes a protective device (memory) 18, a low-noise amplifier (LNA) 19 and a controlled attenuator (Att) 20 that controls the level of the microwave signal in receive mode. The transmitting channel PPK 10 includes a preliminary power amplifier (Pr. UM) 21, which performs the function of a modulator and a multi-stage controlled power amplifier (UM) 22.

The transceiver active phased array antenna operates in transmit mode, in receive mode and in calibration mode as follows.

In transmission mode, the microwave signal from the radar transmitter is fed to the total input 8 of the beam-forming adder 5. In the adder 5, the signal is evenly distributed over m / 2 channels. The amplitude-generated signal from each output of the adder 5 is fed to the inputs of the corresponding sublattice formed by MPPU 3 and two lines of emitters 2. In the transceiver channels 10, the phase shifters 17 carry out the required phase distribution, modulate the microwave signal in the preliminary power amplifier 21, and final amplification in multi-stage controlled power amplifier 22. Thus generated microwave signals are transmitted to the emitters 1 and are emitted into space, forming a total radiation pattern.

In the receiving mode, the microwave signals received by the emitters 1 are sent to the outputs of the transceiver channels 10, through a protective device 18 they are fed to a low-noise amplifier 19, amplified, level-controlled by an attenuator 20 and fed through a circulator 16 to a phase shifter 17. Controlled attenuators 20 and a phase shifter 17 provide the establishment of the required values of the amplitude and phase relations in accordance with the control signals from the control and monitoring device 12. Microwave signals from the inputs of the sublattices formed by the module transceiver amplifier 3 and two lines of emitters 2, are fed to the outputs of the adder 5, in which the simultaneous formation of the total and differential radiation patterns.

In calibration mode, the microwave signal from the radar transmitter is fed to the input (T) 23 of the test signal divider 4, where the signal is evenly distributed across m / 2 channels. The amplitude-generated signal from each output of the divider of the test signal 4 is fed to the corresponding inputs of the lines of emitters 2, where it is divided into two signals that are fed to the corresponding outputs of the transceiver channels 10. Having passed the entire high-frequency path of the active phased antenna array, the signal from the total (E ) output 8 of the adder 5 enters the radar for processing. The result of the processing is the development of a control command arriving on a serial communication line 6 to the CAM 12, where control signals are generated that ensure the establishment of the required values of the amplitude and phase ratios in the transceiver channels 10.

During operation of the transceiver active phased antenna array both in the transmission and reception modes, and in the calibration mode, the elements of the transceiver channel 10 are controlled through the control and monitoring device 12, which provides information exchange with the radar station via a serial communication line 6. Each sublattice formed by the transceiver amplifier module 3 and two lines of emitters 2, is a terminal device with autonomous control of the transceiver channel 10, the data transmitted through the control and monitoring device 12 to the serial serial communication line 6. In this case, the information is transmitted to all the sublattices the same, and the control and monitoring device 12, depending on the location address of a particular sublattice, generates control signals in the transmitting and transmitting active phased antenna array in all four transceiver channels 10 of the transceiver amplifier module 3. Moreover, the location address of the sublattice is automatically determined by the control and monitoring device 12 when giving power to the transceiver active phased antenna array.

In addition, when the control signal from the radar is transmitted through the parallel communication line 7 through the control device 15, the fast phase shifters 14 provide an instantaneous phase change of the microwave signal by 180 ° at the respective emitters 1, and the formed radiation patterns are inverted along the inputs of the beam-forming adder 5, i.e. a differential radiation pattern is formed at the total input 8, and a total radiation pattern at the differential input 9.

The proposed technical solution provides the creation of a transceiver active phased array antenna, characterized by a simplified construction scheme that implements the simultaneous formation of the total and difference radiation patterns and autonomous calibration of the transceiver channels in the structure of the object. In addition, the advantage of the proposed transceiver active phased array antenna scheme is the simplification of the cable network, the achievement of complete autonomy for the control of transceiver channels due to the use of a serial control interface for transceiver channels, and the ability to build a transceiver active phased antenna array with any number sublattices without adjusting radar control algorithms.

Claims (1)

Transceiver active phased antenna array containing m emitters, sublattices, dividers, control device, total and differential inputs of the transceiver active phased antenna array, characterized in that it further includes m / 4 transceiver amplifying modules, a test signal divider ( DTS) and a beam-forming adder, while the emitters are paired into emitter lines, the two emitter lines and the transmit-receive amplifier module form a sublattice with autonomous control we have transmitting and receiving channels, each amplifier transmitting and transmitting module includes four receiving and transmitting channels (PPC), two dividers (D), a control and monitoring device (CC), a test signal divider (TPA) is made with the possibility of uniform distribution to each the microwave signal channel in calibration mode, and the beam-forming adder includes a directional coupler, a control device (CU), m / 4 phase shifters (PV) with a discrete setting of the phase of the microwave signal 180 °, while the input of each transceiver channel It is connected to the corresponding output of the control and monitoring device, the input-output of each transceiver channel is connected to the input-output of the corresponding divider, while the input of each phase shifter is connected to the output of the control device, and the outputs of all phase shifters are connected to the inputs of the amplifier transceiver modules (MPPU ), the high-frequency inputs and outputs of the emitters that make up the lines of the emitters are connected to the high-frequency inputs and outputs of the amplifier transceiver modules, and the high-frequency inputs of the lines emitters are connected to the high-frequency outputs of the test signal divider, the high-frequency inputs of the amplifier transceiver modules are connected to the outputs of the directional coupler (BUT) included in the diagram-forming adder, the low-frequency input of the MPPU is connected to the output of the radar station (radar) via a serial communication line, the low-frequency input of the device control included in the diagram-forming adder, through a parallel communication line connected to the output of the radar, the total output and p The difference output of the beam-forming adder is the total and difference inputs of the transceiver active phased array antenna.

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