RU2582754C1 - Method for making shot in pneumatic propulsive structure and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to propellant devices, specifically to methods and devices in production of shot throwing pneumatic design. Method consists in that working volume of cylinder to be discharged together with air supplied to formation of a liquid fuel operating air-fuel ratio. Method includes compression of working volume of cylinder and burning said mixture with formation of high pressure gases and displacement of missile with said gases through barrel in direction to target. Fuel is supplied to working volume of cylinder before its expansion, then said volume is expanded, and at end of expansion process in atmospheric air is supplied. Device for carrying out method of firing includes working cylinder with bottom and end face. When fully straightened within cylinder spring between piston crown and opening connecting cylinder end of barrel, placed an additional dead volume, coupled with channel for injecting fuel. In cylinder there is a device for air inlet arranged between said dead volume and bottom piston position before firing.

EFFECT: higher reliability and accuracy of firing.

3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of propelling devices and can be used for throwing various shells during rescue operations (delivery of oxygen cylinders, fire extinguishers, containers with food and medicine, etc.), as well as when creating hand-held pneumatic weapons for police, sports events, training process and hunting of small animals and birds.

A known method of firing a shot in a pneumatic throwing structure, which consists in the fact that air is supplied into the cylinder’s working volume before firing (see, for example, RF patent No. 2098736 “Fedorov air rifle”, IPC F04B 11/00, publ. 10.12.1997) .

There is also a known method of firing a shot in a pneumatic throwing structure, which consists in the fact that liquid fuel is supplied to the cylinder’s working volume before firing along with air to form a working mixture of air and fuel, after which the cylinder’s working volume is compressed and this mixture is burned with the formation of increased gases pressure, and the displacement of a projectile by these gases through the barrel towards the target (see RF patent No. 130681 "Sports and hunting rifle", IPC F41C 7/00, published on July 27, 2013).

The disadvantage of these methods include low specific indicators for the power of the shot and low accuracy.

If only air is used to produce a shot, for the formation of high pressure and a large amount of compressed air, the charging shooter needs to do a lot of mechanical work, which delays the loading process in time and leads to high fatigue, if necessary, to make relatively many shots. Long loading time and fatigue negatively affect the ability to produce a timely and accurate shot.

When using air-fuel mixture for firing a shot, a big problem arises with its evaporation, which is necessary for the organization of full-fledged combustion. At winter temperatures, evaporation can be so weak that ignition of the air-fuel mixture will not occur at all. In addition, when several shots are fired in a row under any conditions, the cylinder warms up, the evaporation conditions change, the power of the impact on the projectile changes and the trajectory of its movement changes, which impairs the accuracy of the projectile hitting the target.

The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and accuracy of the shot.

This problem is solved by the fact that when implementing the known method, fuel is supplied to the working volume of the cylinder before it is expanded, after which this volume is expanded, and at the end of the expansion process, atmospheric air is supplied to it.

In a device for producing a method of firing, comprising a working cylinder having a bottom and an end connected by an aperture to the barrel, and with a compression spring placed therein, in the direction of the piston end face, one end of the spring resting against the bottom of the cylinder and the other end at the rear a piston, the bottom of which is facing the barrel, and a mechanism for injecting liquid fuel into the cylinder, having a channel for injecting fuel into the cylinder, with the spring fully extended within the cylinder between the piston bottom and the hole connecting the torus q cylinder with a trunk is disposed extra dead volume, coupled with the channel for injecting fuel, wherein a free length of the spring can be greater than the distance between the cylinder bottom and the rear part of the piston when the piston position, resting on the end face of the cylinder.

The invention is shown in the drawings with reference to small arms, for example, as applied to an air rifle or air rifle.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a weapon in the breech zone at the time of fuel supply to the cylinder.

In FIG. 2 shows the end of the process of increasing the volume of the working cylinder with the inlet of external air into it and fixing the piston.

In FIG. Figure 3 shows the beginning of the forward stroke of the compression of the piston with a decrease in the volume of the working cylinder.

In FIG. 4 shows the end of the compression stroke with self-ignition of the working mixture and the start of the propellant’s movement along the barrel.

In FIG. 5. shows the design with the ignition of the working mixture from the spark ignition system to the start of preparation for the shot.

In FIG. 6 shows an electrical diagram of a spark ignition system at a point in time corresponding to the state of the weapon in FIG. 5.

In FIG. 7. shows the state of the structure shown in FIG. 5, at the moment of ignition of the compressed working mixture by an electric spark.

In FIG. 8. The state of the spark ignition system at the time of the formation of an electric spark is shown.

In FIG. 9. shows a projectile in the form of a bullet, in FIG. 10 - the same in the form of a shot charge.

The rifle (or rifle) consists (see Fig. 1) of the breech 1 mounted on the butt 2 and containing the trigger mechanism, consisting of the trigger 3 mounted on the axis 4, and the lever 5, which is mounted on the axis 6 and has a stop 7, to which it is pressed by a compression spring 8.

On the breech part 1, a working cylinder 9 is installed, having a bottom 10 and an end 11, with a piston 13 having a piston seal spring-loaded in the direction of the end face 11 and having a piston seal (not shown). One end of the spring 12 rests in the bottom 10, and the other end in the back of the piston 13. The bottom of the piston 13 faces the barrel 14, and the end 11 of the cylinder 9 is connected by a hole 15 to the barrel 14 through an additional dead volume 16 located between the bottom of the piston 13 and hole 15 with spring 12 fully extended within cylinder 9 when the piston bottom 13 contacts the end face 11 of the cylinder 9. In this example, the free length of the spring 12 is greater than the distance L between the bottom of the cylinder 9 and the rear of the piston 13 with the piston resting against the end cylinder. That is, if you remove the spring 12 from the cylinder 9, then its length will be greater than the value L. This means that the spring 12 is in a stressed state in the cylinder 9.

A mechanism for injecting liquid fuel is installed on the cylinder 9, consisting of a tank 17 with fuel, a suction channel 18 with a check valve 19, a cylinder 20 with a spring-loaded piston 21 with a stem 22, a discharge channel 23 with a check valve 24, which serves to inject fuel into the dead volume 16. The cylinder 9 has an air inlet device in the form of a through hole 25, which is located between the dead volume 16 and the piston bottom 13 when it is positioned before the shot is fired (Fig. 2). The piston 13 is equipped with a rod 26 with a fifth 27.

The drum 28 is mounted to rotate on the axis 29 and has holes 30 with a cone facing the side of the hole 15, in which the projectiles 31 are mounted, and the axis of the holes 30 when turning the drum alternately coincide with the axis of the channel 15.

This design is designed to work with a self-igniting working mixture of air and fuel.

In FIG. Figure 5 shows a similar design designed to work with the forced ignition of a working mixture of air and fuel. It additionally contains a spark plug 32 and a switch 33 mounted on the line of movement of the heel 27 of the rod 26. The switch 33 and the candle 32 are included in the spark ignition system K.F. Kettering, the circuit of which is shown in FIG. 6. In addition to the candle 32 and the switch 33 (shown in a normally closed state), this system contains a high-voltage transformer (coil) 34, a capacitor 35, and a power supply 36. The candle 32 is connected with its contacts parallel to the high voltage winding of the transformer 34, and the power supply is parallel to the low winding voltage of this transformer. The capacitor 33 is used to extinguish the spark on the contacts of the switch 33 during its operation, as well as to better ignite the spark between the contacts of the candles 32. The power source 36 can be located in the butt of the weapon, the capacitor 35 next to the switch 33, and the transformer 34 next to the cylinder 9 (mounted on cylinder 9) or in the fore-end of the weapon (not shown in the figure).

In FIG. 9 shows a projectile 31 in the form of a bullet. It contains a container 37, made, for example, of elastic plastic (nylon, polyethylene, etc.), into which a metal, rubber or metal rubberized (depending on the purpose of the projectile) core 38 is inserted with a slight tightness. The container 37 is on the back side contains a conical tip 39, which when the bullet is in the drum 28 performs the functions of a sealant and a pressure limit valve.

In FIG. 10 shows a projectile containing a hunting shot 40 fixed in a container 37 by a spacer 41.

A method of producing a shot is as follows.

Before the shot (Fig. 1), the shooter presses the stem 22, the piston 21 moves to the right, compressing the spring, the volume of the cylinder 20 decreases, the pressure in it increases, and the air in the cylinder leaves the dead volume through the valve 24 and the channel 23 16. The shooter releases the rod 22, and the piston 21 returns to its previous position, the volume of the cylinder 20 increases, the pressure drops, and therefore the valve 24 closes, and the valve 19 opens and the cylinder 20 is filled with liquid fuel from the tank 17 through the channel 18. This procedure is performed once before shooting.

The next time the piston rod 22 is pressed, the piston 21 reduces the volume of the cylinder 20, and the fuel contained therein through the valve 24 and the channel 23 is injected into the dead volume 16. Both piston strokes 21 (left and right) are limited, and therefore a strictly defined amount is injected fuel.

After that, the arrow (Fig. 2) takes the piston 16 to the left in the drawing, holding it through the stem 26 by the heel 27 and compressing the spring 12. At the same time, the air contained in the dead volume 16 expands to a low pressure (of the order of 0.1-0, 2 bar), and the fuel in the dead volume 16 boils, turning into steam even at low temperature.

When the piston 13 moves, it opens the hole 25 at the end of the expansion stroke, communicating the cylinder 9 with the atmosphere, and the outside air sharply penetrates the cavity of the cylinder 9, compressing the fuel vapor contained in it to atmospheric pressure. In this case, the vapor temperature rises somewhat, and even at low air temperature they do not have time to condense into large drops, remaining either in the form of vapor, or after some time - in the form of tiny drops of fog.

After passing the hole 25, the heel 27 first pushes the spring-loaded left end of the lever 5 down, then goes behind it, the left shoulder of the lever rises and, after releasing the heel 27, stops it, and with it the piston 13.

Next, the shooter points the weapon at the target and pulls the trigger 3, it rotates around axis 4 and with its free end turns the lever 5 (Fig. 3), which releases the heel 27, and under the action of the spring 12 the piston 13 moves to the right along the figure, compressing the working mixture air and fuel in front of it in the cylinder 9.

During compression, the working mixture is heated, while the smallest droplets of fuel remaining in the liquid state evaporate due to their low mass. In this case, the pressure developed by the piston 13 is not enough to move the projectile 31 from its place, because it is held by a tapered tip 39 (FIGS. 9 and 10). When the temperature rises to a value greater than the flash point of the fuel vapor, the fuel ignites in almost the entire volume, the temperature and pressure in the cylinder 9 in front of the piston 13 increases sharply (Fig. 4). This pressure is enough to overcome the resistance of the tip 39, it is deformed, and the projectile 31 begins to move along the barrel towards the target under the influence of the gases generated after the combustion of the working mixture of fuel and air. After the departure of the projectile 31 from the barrel, the piston 13 under the action of the spring 12 returns to its original position, shown in figure 1.

In this embodiment, the spring 12 always presses on the piston 13, because its length in the free state is greater than the value L, its force in the compressed (Fig. 2) state is large and sufficient to create a temperature in the cylinder during compression of the working mixture that is higher than the flash point of the fuel vapor. This temperature depends on the type of fuel (alcohol, gasoline, kerosene, acetone, etc.) and can be achieved with a compression ratio (the ratio of the volume under the piston with a fully compressed spring 12 - Fig. 1 - to the volume at which a flash of fuel vapor occurs - Fig. 4) approximately 8-16.

When using a less powerful spring 12 and a lower compression ratio, forced ignition of a mixture of air and fuel vapor is used, and the operation of the device is shown in FIG. 5-8. The spring 12 in the initial state shown in FIG. 5 may not be in tension, i.e. its length in the free state is equal to or slightly less than the value of L (Fig. 1).

The start of the firing process occurs as described above, and the device itself is shown in FIG. 5, an electric circuit for igniting a fuel with an electric spark - in FIG. 6.

When the air-fuel mixture is compressed to a predetermined pressure value, which is determined by the position of the piston 13 in the cylinder 9 (Fig. 7), the heel 27 slides on the switch 33 and breaks its contacts (Fig. 8), while the power supply to the low-voltage winding of the transformer 34 is interrupted, and A high voltage emf appears on its high-voltage winding, which is connected to the electrodes of the spark plug 32, resulting in a breakdown of air in the gap between the spark electrodes, and a spark arises that ignites the fuel vapor. As a result of the ignition of fuel vapor in the cylinder 9 in front of the piston 13 high pressure occurs, and the projectile 31 begins to move along the barrel to the target.

In the proposed method and device for its implementation, almost complete evaporation of the fuel is guaranteed regardless of the ambient temperature and the temperature of the parts forming the cavity in which the fuel evaporates. This circumstance makes it possible to stabilize the fuel combustion process, which increases the reliability of the use of the device and the accuracy of the shot.

Claims (3)

1. A method of firing a shot in a pneumatic throwing structure, which consists in the fact that liquid fuel is supplied to the cylinder’s working volume together with air to form a working mixture of air and fuel, and then the cylinder’s working volume is compressed and this mixture is burned to produce high gases pressure and displacement of the projectile by these gases through the barrel towards the target, characterized in that the fuel is fed into the working volume of the cylinder before it is expanded, after which p the expansion of this volume, and at the end of the expansion process, atmospheric air is supplied to it. 2. A device for producing a method of firing, comprising a working cylinder having a bottom and an end connected by an opening to the barrel, and with a compression spring placed therein, in the direction of the end face of the piston, with one end of the spring resting against the bottom of the cylinder and the other end at the rear part of the piston, the bottom of which is facing the side of the barrel, and a mechanism for injecting liquid fuel into the cylinder, having a channel for injecting fuel into the cylinder, characterized in that when the spring is completely straightened within the cylinder between the piston bottom and the opening An additional dead volume is connected with the end of the cylinder to the barrel, connected to the fuel injection channel, and the cylinder has an air intake device located between this dead volume and the piston bottom when it is positioned before firing. 3. A device for producing a shot method according to claim 2, characterized in that the free length of the spring is greater than the distance between the bottom of the cylinder and the rear of the piston with the piston position abutted against the end of the cylinder.

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