RU2580132C2 - Method for producing fire-retardant coating on surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, microencapsulated agents for obtaining fire-retardant coating on surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, method for preparation thereof and method to create fire retardant intumescent coatings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of making a fire-retardant coating on surface of combustible and non-combustible materials. Method of creating a fire-retardant coating on surface includes a surface preparation, coating it on first coating layer and before drying first coating layer directly on second layer in form of fire-retardant coating matrix containing microencapsulated agent whose shell is filled with intumescent material. Drying of coating is carried out at a temperature below threshold at which a substance in core concluded microcapsules occurs beginning spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes leading to swelling of substance. Microencapsulated agent is a microcapsule shell which is filled with a substance having properties when heated significant increase in amount of gas and to form a vaporous substances, and shell itself is monolayer. Intumescent substance used is paint or powder, having intumescent properties.

EFFECT: technical result is providing effective fire-retardant coating on surface of combustible and non-combustible material, which allows to retain fire resistance of wood and metal structures, cables, and other products for an extended period of time of their operation.

8 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for creating a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials used to provide fire protection of wooden and metal structures, cables and other products.

It is known that fire protection is provided by applying to the surface of the structure (material) of the product of a special composition. In this case, a fire-retardant layer is formed on the surface, which has the properties of a fire-retardant coating.

Intumescent paints and varnish coatings are one of the most rapidly developing areas in the development of compositions for fire protection of metal and wooden structures (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, p. 207) .

The fire-retardant effect of such coatings (treatments) is based on the fact that at a certain temperature, which, as a rule, is lower than the ignition temperature of the material to be protected or the critical temperature of metal structures, spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes begin that lead to the formation of foamed heat-insulating layers (coke, hardening melt) and (or) the allocation of phlegmatizing and inhibiting the combustion process products. As a result, when exposed to sources of flame and heat, ignition is prevented, the flame propagation rate decreases, and the fire resistance of structures increases.

To reduce the flammability and fire resistance of materials and structures, fireproof paints are widely used. The most effective and promising of them are organic coatings of intumescent (intumescent) type. The intumescent technology of protecting products from the effects of flame has appeared relatively recently and consists in a combination of coke formation and expansion of a paint and varnish protective coating under the influence of high temperatures. The resulting foamed cellular coke layer protects the painted surface from exposure to heat flux or flame.

Fire-retardant intumescent paints are quite complex multicomponent systems, since they, along with the traditional components of conventional paints, include intumescent systems that include three main components: coke formation catalyst, coke-forming and foaming agents (Vandersall HL Firea Flam. 1971. V. 2 April P. 97-140). Phosphorus-containing compounds and most often ammonium polyphosphate (ACE) are usually used as a catalyst. As a raw material for the formation of the carbon skeleton of the foam layer, as a rule, polyalcohols are used, and as porophores - organic amines or amides, which emit non-combustible gases at elevated temperatures - carbon dioxide, nitrogen, ammonia, foaming systems. The most popular of the polyalcohols in such formulations is pentaerythritol, and of the amines, melamine.

A technical solution is known, which is a method of applying intumescent compositions to the surface of steel structures (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, p. 242).

The essence of this method lies in the fact that the work of applying intumescent compositions to the surface of steel structures includes the following technological operations: surface preparation, preparation of the working composition of the coating, coating.

The most significant drawback of this method is that over time, taking into account the degree of influence of the environment and other negative factors, the protective coatings (treatments) noted earlier lose their fire retardant properties, that is, they are prone to “aging”. It is completely impossible to foresee this phenomenon, since the loss of fire-retardant properties can take place without visible manifestations (the appearance of the coating practically does not change).

To confirm the preservation of fire-retardant efficiency during operation or its loss, methods for monitoring the effectiveness (quality) of fire-retardant coatings are currently known, which are associated with direct mechanical sampling of these coatings from the object of protection or samples of material with flame retardant treatment, followed by testing of these samples on special portable equipment (for example, Methods and means of fire protection of wood. Guide. M: VNIIPO, 1999, pp. 34-38; Identification of solids, materials and media tv suppressants when the fire hazard tests Guide. M .: VNIIPO, 2004, p. 33).

These methods have a significant drawback in that the integrity of the fire retardant coating, product, material is violated during mechanical sampling. In some cases, this may be undesirable, and in other cases simply unacceptable. Testing sometimes requires at least six samples of relatively large sizes (200 × 50 cm), which, in turn, can lead to failure of the product itself.

In addition, these control methods of fire-retardant coatings by sampling microsamples (30-50 mg) with their subsequent "identification" (Identification of solids, materials and fire protection during fire hazard tests. Instruction. M .: VNIIPO, 2004, p. 33) using thermogravimetric methods are not objective, as they are designed to confirm some of the initial "identification" parameters of the selected sample by comparison. Such parameters, for example, are the temperatures at which a fixed mass loss of the flame retardant coating sample is achieved under test conditions. But the values of these parameters are not directly related to the fire retardant effect of the coating, and their maximum deviations have not been established.

Given the complex and often heterogeneous structure of fire retardant coatings, it is impossible to establish a strict correlation between fire retardant efficiency and the value of such parameters.

In addition, the removed microsamples of the fire retardant coating cannot characterize the state of the coating as a whole, since its properties largely depend on the macrostructure of the fire retardant layer and the mutual influence of the fire retardant layers, the substrate, macro and micro defects, diffusion and adhesive interaction (I.G. Romanenko, F.A. Levites, Fire Protection of Building Structures (Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1991, p. 207-216).

A known method of obtaining a heat-insulating and fire-resistant multilayer combined polymer coating (Patent RU, No. 2352601 C2, D09 5/18, 04/20/2009 (D2), p. 5 descriptions, lines 2-7, 11-22, page 9, lines 36 -39, p. 10 lines 13-27, 50-52), adopted for the prototype of the inventive method of applying a microencapsulated agent to the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials and a method of creating a fire retardant intumescent coating.

The method includes sequentially applying to the possibly preheated surface of the coating layers, first a liquid-ceramic coating of a polymer composition containing a binder, a mixture of hollow microspheres, differing in size from 10 to 500 microns and bulk density from 650 to 50 kg / m ³ and auxiliary target additives, then one or more layers of fiberglass are applied to the resulting coating, if necessary, and then one or more layers of a polymer intumescent fire-retardant component are applied the position with additives that provide an intumescent coating, and then carry out the final drying of the coating.

However, the resulting coating has a complex structure. Moreover, the hollow microspheres of this coating are used as a heat-insulating material, and the microsphere design itself is not adapted to accommodate a substance in its core that can expand significantly when heated.

A technical solution is known, which is a microencapsulated extinguishing agent and a method for its production, an extinguishing composite material, an extinguishing paint coating and an extinguishing fabric containing such an agent (Patent RU, No. 2389525, 05.20.2010), adopted as a prototype of the inventive microencapsulated agent for creating a fire retardant coatings on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials and the method for its preparation.

The specified extinguishing agent contains a microcapsule containing a bilayer spherical polymer shell placed inside, the first inner layer of which is made of polysiloxane, and the second outer layer is of cured gelatin or its derivative, the core is filled with an extinguishing liquid. Moreover, when the microcapsules are formed, a multilayer spherical polymer shell is created, which has the ability of explosive destruction at a given operating temperature of the microencapsulated extinguishing agent.

One of the ways to implement this technical solution (example 9) is to create an extinguishing coating from a paint containing a microencapsulated extinguishing agent dispersed in it. The microcapsule is adapted for the explosive release of extinguishing agents in a gaseous state when heated to a temperature of 100-300 ° C. In this case, the release is ensured by explosive destruction of the shell due to overheating of the extinguishing fluid contained in the core under the influence of heat or flame.

However, this technical solution is used for active fire fighting and is not intended to create a fire-retardant coating applied to the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials for a long time. Microencapsulated extinguishing agent has a complex structure of a multilayer spherical polymer shell, which greatly increases the cost of its manufacture.

When creating the present invention, it was taken into account that the possibilities of creating an effective fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials are far from exhausted. In particular, the analysis of modern theoretical ideas about the mechanism of expansion and aging of fire-retardant coatings shows that new approaches are needed that simultaneously solve these problems with minimal material costs.

The main objective of the invention is to increase the life of a fire-retardant intumescent coating applied to the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials used to create wooden and metal structures, cables and other products by creating a fire retardant coating in the form of a microencapsulated agent filled with intumescent material, which forms intumescent when heated a coating that is applied directly to the protective (anti-corrosion) layer before drying, as well as the creation of a simplified For instructions microencapsulated shell agent, which effectively used, for example, paint or powder having intumescent properties, located within the shell microcapsules wherein the proposed flame retardant coating on the surface must minimize a process of "aging" of said coating.

An additional objective of the invention is the creation of a new method of destruction of the shell of a microencapsulated agent, which consists in heating and breaking the inside of the shell of the microcapsule directly using an intumescent material enclosed in the core of the microcapsule.

The essence of the proposed method for producing a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is that, in a method comprising preparing a surface, applying a first coating layer thereon, applying a second coating layer containing intumescent material thereon, and drying the coating, a second flame retardant layer the coatings are applied in the form of a matrix containing a microencapsulated agent, the shell of which is filled with an intumescent, directly on the first coating layer before drying, and the coating is dried by oizvodyat at a temperature below the threshold at which in the intumescent substance enclosed in the core of the microcapsules occurs beginning of spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes leading to swelling substance.

The essence of the inventive microencapsulated agent for creating a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is that in a microencapsulated agent, which is a microcapsule, the shell of which is thermally degradable, isolates the core from the external environment and is filled with fire extinguishing material under normal conditions, the shell is filled with intumescent possessing during heating the properties of a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances, destroying both inside from when it is heated.

The essence of the proposed method for producing a microencapsulated agent for creating a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is that in a method including the formation of a microcapsule containing a single-layer spherical polymer thermally destructible shell, and the core filled with a substance, the shell is filled with an intumescent material having heating properties of a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances that destroy the shell from the inside when it is heated ve.

The essence of the proposed method for creating a fire retardant intumescent coating, which consists in the fact that in a method that includes simultaneous heating of the shell of the microcapsule and the substance enclosed in its core, followed by destruction of the shell of the microcapsule, the coating is created due to the volume expansion of the intumescent material contained in the microcapsule core heating to a temperature at which the onset of spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes occurs, and the destruction of the shell of the microcapsule from the inside, with equal measured distribution on the surface of intumescent material.

The technical effect realized by the claimed method of obtaining a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is determined by the following.

Filling the shell of the microencapsulated agent with an intumescent material allows you to:

- enclose, for example, intumescent paint in an enclosed space isolated from the environment, virtually eliminating the "aging" of the specified agent;

- to exclude the control of fire-retardant coatings from the work schedule by selecting microsamples (30-50 mg) with their subsequent “identification” (Identification of solids, materials and fire retardants in fire hazard tests. Instruction. M .: VNIIPO, 2004, p . 33);

- to exclude repeated mechanical removal of samples or fragments of the coating materials of the product directly from its surface, which allows to maintain the integrity of the surface of the product.

The creation of a second layer of fire retardant coating in the form of a matrix containing a microencapsulated agent, the shell of which is filled with intumescent material, directly onto the first coating layer before drying, allows you to:

- apply the microencapsulated agent directly to the unsaturated (sticky) first coating layer before drying. It should be noted that the microcapsules themselves have a small mass; therefore, keeping them (fixing) them on the marked first unsaturated (sticky) first coating layer for a long time due to the observed adhesion before drying, even on an inclined or vertical surface of various configurations, does not present any problems ;

- significantly reduces the creation time of the second layer of fire-retardant coating upon reaching the specified technical result.

The drying of the coating (after applying the second layer to the surface of the first one) at a temperature below the threshold at which spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes leading to swelling of the substance take place in the intumescent material enclosed in the microcapsule core allows the fire retardant coating to remain intact during the process its creation.

The technical effect realized by the inventive microencapsulated agent to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is determined by the following.

Filling the shell with a substance which, when it is heated inside the shell, has a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances, allows the shell to be opened by volume expansion of the substance in all microcapsules located on the surface of the second layer of the fire retardant coating, with the formation of a foamed insulating layer based on its slow "spreading" into the intercellular space.

The technical effect realized by the claimed method of producing a microencapsulated agent to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials is determined by the following:

- the formation of a fire-retardant coating after opening during heating the shell of the microencapsulated agent by uniform distribution of the substance on the surface allows you to create such a coating only in case of fire.

The technical effect realized by the claimed method of creating a fire retardant intumescent coating is determined by the following.

The destruction of the shell of the microcapsule from the inside due to the volume expansion of the substance in the core of the microcapsule is accompanied by the formation of a fire retardant intumescent coating only in those areas of the heated surface where conditions are created for triggering spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes in the core of the microcapsule.

It should be noted that in the claimed technical solution, the process of volume expansion of the substance when it is heated in the core of the microcapsule is dominant, and the resulting gas and vapor substances only intensify the process of destruction of the shell of the microencapsulated agent, and some gas and vapor substances are used as foaming agents (blowing agents )

The formation of a fire-retardant coating after opening during heating the shell of the microencapsulated agent by uniform distribution of the substance on the surface allows you to create such a coating only in case of fire.

The signs given in the claims are necessary and sufficient to achieve the specified technical result, that is, they are essential.

The analysis of the prior art, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the author of the invention did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype (for each independent point of the invention), as the closest in the totality of the features of the analogue, allowed us to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the achieved technical result in the claimed object set forth in the claims.

Thus, the distinguishing features of the proposed technical solution are new and meet the criterion of "novelty."

In determining the compliance of the distinguishing features of the present invention with the criterion of "inventive step", the prior art and, in particular, known methods and devices related to fire retardant coatings, including known fire extinguishing polymer coatings and composite materials consisting of a polymer binder and a microencapsulated fire extinguishing agent, were analyzed volumetric action, automatically released from the material in the event of a fire near a fire.

A technical solution is known (Patent RU No. 2295370, A62C 3/00, 03/20/2007), in which thin-walled sealed capsules filled with water are used, delivered to the fire.

Capsules are made with sizes of ~ 3 ÷ 5 mm (p. 1 of the theoretical calculation of the previously mentioned method of extinguishing fires). The lower limit of this range is determined from the condition that the capsules can overcome the resistance of upward gas flows in a fire and not be carried away by them up. The upper boundary is selected from the condition of the occurrence of steam explosions of the capsules before they fall on the surface of the location of the combustion sources (earth, surface of liquid fuel, etc.). When extinguishing more powerful fires or when using other proposed capsule delivery methods, the upper value of the capsule size can be increased, but it should be borne in mind that, as a result of steam explosions of capsules with sizes significantly larger than 5 mm, too large droplets of DW will be formed and therefore less effective for extinguishing. The heating time for a steam explosion of capsules with sizes of ~ 3 ÷ 5 mm is from tenths of a second to several seconds, depending on the power of the fire and the choice of the highest point of the hinged path. The selected capsule sizes provide a sufficiently deep penetration into the fire zone (for a particle with a water density and diameter d = 4 mm, even with a relatively small initial velocity u ₀ = 10 m / s, the drag length in the fire zone is L _brake ≈70 m).

Known fire retardant intumescent material for the protection of metallic and nonmetallic products (Patent RU No. 2260029, 09/10/2005) containing a fibrous layer and an intumescent layer during emergency heating. The fibrous layer is made in the form of a knitted fabric made of stretchable material from inorganic filaments with a melting point of more than 1150 ° C, the fibrous layer being the outer layer and the intumescent layer during emergency heating located between the fibrous layer and the protected product.

However, the named material has a more complex structure than the claimed technical solution, and the fire retardant intumescent material for the protection of metal and nonmetallic products can be independently placed on horizontal surfaces. On other surfaces, such as vertical ones, additional fixing is required with the help of holding devices.

A technical solution is known, which is a microencapsulated extinguishing agent and a method for its preparation, an extinguishing composite material, an extinguishing paint coating and an extinguishing fabric containing such an agent (Patent RU No. 2389525, 05.20.2010). The specified extinguishing agent contains a microcapsule containing a bilayer spherical polymer shell placed inside, the first inner layer of which is made of polysiloxane, and the second outer layer is of cured gelatin or its derivative, the core is filled with an extinguishing liquid.

One of the ways to implement this technical solution is to create an extinguishing coating of paint (example 9) containing a microencapsulated extinguishing agent dispersed in it. It should be noted that the microencapsulated extinguishing agent in the form of a powder is first mixed with paint, and then applied to the surface to be protected, followed by drying.

In the claimed technical solution, the microencapsulated agent is applied directly to the first coating layer before drying.

The microcapsule (Patent RU No. 2389525, 05.20.2010) is adapted for the explosive release of extinguishing agents in a gaseous state when heated to a temperature of 100-300 ° C. In this case, the release is ensured by explosive destruction of the shell due to overheating of the extinguishing fluid contained in the core under the influence of heat or flame. The content of extinguishing fluid is 75-95% by weight of the entire microcapsule.

To ensure evaporation of the extinguishing liquid under the influence of heat or flame, the extinguishing liquid has a boiling point in the range of 45-160 ° C. To prevent curing of the extinguishing liquid due to crystallization during storage at low ambient temperatures and the destruction of the shell of the microcapsule due to a sharp decrease in the volume of the core, the extinguishing liquid should have a melting point of minus 40 ° C or lower.

The use of explosive destruction of the shell, filled with, for example, intumescent paint, will lead to the fact that when the shell is opened, the last or formed foamed heat-insulating layer will be sprayed with a violation, ultimately, of the integrity of the fire-retardant intumescent coating formed during a fire.

It is known to use fire extinguishing powders with enhanced fire extinguishing and insulating ability due to expansion on heated surfaces (http://www.innovaterussia.ru/project/blog/current/8382. A. Belovoshin. Fire extinguishing powder, with increased insulating ability of heated surfaces). The analysis of scientific and technical information in the field of patenting and research in this field (Patent RU No. 2220998, 2002, IPC C09D 123/08; Patent RU No. 2232612, 2003, IPC A62D 1/00; Patent RU No. 223588, 2003, IPC A62D 1/00) showed the possibility of creating a fire extinguishing powder with adhesion to heated surfaces, the ability to swell the adhesive layer and increased fire extinguishing ability.

The indicated property of the extinguishing powder can be applied, according to the author of the invention, when creating a fire retardant intumescent coating on the surface, since extinguishing powders, as a rule, have a low cost. However, fire extinguishing powders have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is their tendency to caking and clumping (A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire extinguishing at enterprises of the chemical and oil refining industry. Ed. 2nd revised .. M., Chemistry 1979, p. 111). To eliminate these shortcomings, the necessary additives are introduced into the composition of fire extinguishing powders, which generally affects their total cost.

In addition, when creating a fireproof intumescent coating on an inclined or vertical surface, the previously mentioned extinguishing agent must somehow be held (fixed) on the surface. It follows that one of the ways to eliminate these shortcomings is the conclusion of the extinguishing powder in a microcapsule, which should then be fixed on the surface, for example, in the manner described in the claimed technical solution.

This property can be used to create a fire retardant intumescent coating on the surface, since fire extinguishing powders, as a rule, have a low cost. However, fire extinguishing powders have a number of disadvantages, the main of which is their tendency to caking and clumping (A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire extinguishing at enterprises of the chemical and oil refining industry. Publishing house. 2nd revised M., Chemistry, 1979, p. 111). To eliminate these shortcomings, the necessary additives are introduced into the composition of fire extinguishing powders, which generally affects their total cost.

In addition, when creating a fireproof intumescent coating on an inclined or vertical surface, the previously mentioned extinguishing agent must somehow be held (fixed) on the surface. It follows that one of the ways to eliminate these shortcomings is the conclusion of the extinguishing powder in a microcapsule, which should then be fixed on the surface, for example, in the manner described in the claimed technical solution.

Known extinguishing polymer composite material (Patent RU No. 2161520, 01/10/2001). The action of the material is based on the intense release of a gaseous extinguishing agent upon reaching a predetermined temperature (in the range of 130-190 ° C, depending on the composition of the composite). With an increase in temperature, the polymer matrix is destroyed and a sharp emission of extinguishing agent vapors into the environment occurs. When the vapor concentration of the fire extinguishing agent reaches the threshold extinguishing concentration, the resulting burning foci are eliminated.

However, the application of this technical solution, which is actually an automatic installation of gas fire extinguishing, in the present case is impossible for the following reasons.

The destruction of the polymer matrix in the invention is based on the explosive principle of destruction of the shells in which the extinguishing agent is enclosed.

The fire extinguishing material itself changes its aggregate state from liquid to gaseous when heated and is not adapted to create a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials.

Analysis of other technical solutions showed that the known methods and devices do not solve the previously mentioned problems, solved by the claimed technical solution.

The implementation of the technical solution inherent in obtaining a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, a microencapsulated agent for creating a fire-retardant coating on the surface of these materials, the method for its preparation and the method for creating a fire-retardant intumescent coating can be implemented as follows.

When implementing the proposed technical solution, the following information must be considered.

Known extinguishing polymer composite material (OGPKM) (Reactive composite material for fire suppression systems. Russian Atomic community.mht; Patent RU No. 2161520, 01/10/2001).

The material is not only passive, difficult to combust, but also reactive, which responds to temperature increase or fire exposure by immediately (without inertial) release of a powerful gasified fire extinguisher (OG) into the environment, which leads to rapid (usually several tens of seconds) suppression of fire.

OGPKM is a polymer matrix filled with microcapsules containing liquid high-performance exhaust gas. The diameter of the microcapsules is usually 150-300 microns, the content of the exhaust gas in them is 94-96 wt.%. The presence of microcapsule shells makes it possible to overheat liquid exhaust gas 70-100 ° C above the boiling point, after which explosive-like destruction of the shell occurs, gasification, and active exhaust of the exhaust gas into the surrounding space. By controlling the composition of the matrix and the exhaust gas, one can control the temperature of the active reaction of the OGPKM to external influence in the temperature range from 160 ° C to 230 ° C.

Only when synchronizing the process of explosive destruction of microcapsules, accompanied by an intensive release of vapors of a fire extinguishing agent, and its sufficiency for the destruction of the polymer matrix with increasing temperature due to fire exposure (directly or remotely), can the effect of a powerful release of a fire extinguishing agent into the environment and, accordingly, the suppression of the resulting combustion process. If, under the conditions of fire exposure to OGPKM, the polymer matrix melts (for example, in the case of polyethylene, polypropylene and other thermoplastic polymers), then the effect of "explosive" destruction of the material and the simultaneous release of the vapor of the fire extinguishing agent into the fire zone will be lost, and this will inevitably lead to loss of extinguishing efficiency. If the matrix is too heat-resistant, despite the developing high temperature when exposed to fire, it (the matrix) will prevent the intensive release of the extinguishing agent for a long time and the fire will have time to develop so much that the total amount of the extinguishing agent will be insufficient to extinguish it.

From this we can conclude that the created matrix contributes to the dominance of the process of extinguishing fire due to explosive destruction of the shell.

In the claimed technical solution, the fire-retardant coating created contributes, in accordance with the objectives, to the dominance of the process of creating a fire-retardant coating, and gas and vapor substances formed when the intumescent material is heated only intensify the process of destruction of the shell of the microencapsulated agent, and some gas and vapor substances are used as foaming agents (gas blowing agents).

A description of the inventive fire retardant coating is presented in the example of its creation on a flat protected surface, given below.

A technical solution is known (Patent RU No. 2295370 C2, A62C 3/00, 03.20.2007 (D2)), in which thin-walled sealed capsules filled with water are used, delivered to the fire.

Capsules are made with sizes of ~ 3 ÷ 5 mm (p. 1 of the theoretical calculation of the previously mentioned method of extinguishing fires). The lower limit of this range is determined from the condition that the capsules can overcome the resistance of upward gas flows in a fire and not be carried away by them up. The upper boundary is selected from the condition of the occurrence of steam explosions of the capsules before they fall on the surface of the location of the combustion sources (earth, surface of liquid fuel, etc.). When extinguishing more powerful fires or when using other proposed capsule delivery methods, the upper value of the capsule size can be increased, but it should be borne in mind that, as a result of steam explosions of capsules with sizes significantly larger than 5 mm, too large droplets of DW will be formed and therefore less effective for extinguishing. The heating time for a steam explosion of capsules with sizes of ~ 3 ÷ 5 mm is from tenths of a second to several seconds, depending on the power of the fire and the choice of the highest point of the hinged path. The selected capsule sizes provide a sufficiently deep penetration into the fire zone (for a particle with a water density and diameter d = 4 mm, even with a relatively small initial velocity u ₀ = 10 m / s, the drag length in the fire zone is L _brake ≈70 m).

However, these capsules do not belong to the microencapsulated agent for the following reasons.

It is known (Davydov A.B. Microcapsulation / A.B. Davydov, V.D. Solodovnik // Encyclopedia of Polymers; Ed. Collegium: V.A. Kabanov (ed.) [Et al.]. - T. 2 .: LI. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1974. - S. 247-258. Solodovnik VD Microencapsulation. - M.: Chemistry, 1980. - 216 p.) That microencapsulation is the process of concluding small particles of matter into a thin shell of a film-forming material. As a result of microencapsulation, the product is obtained in the form of individual microcapsules ranging in size from fractions of a micron to hundreds of microns. The encapsulated substance, called the contents of the microcapsules, the active or basic substance, forms the core of the microcapsules, and the encapsulating material makes up the material of the shells. Shells perform the function of separating particles of one or more substances from each other and from the external environment until use.

The main component of microcapsules - the encapsulated substance - can be in any aggregate state - liquid, solid or gaseous (Aisina RB, Kazanskaya NF Microencapsulation // Results of science and technology. Ser. Biotechnology. - T. 6. - M .: Science, 1986. - S. 6-52). Existing methods provide the possibility of microencapsulation of both lyophilic and lyophobic materials.

To date, microencapsulation of metals, various chemicals (hydrides, acid salts, bases, many classes of organic compounds, both monomeric and high molecular weight), which are catalysts, stabilizers, plasticizers, oils, liquid and solid fuels, solvents, dyes, insecticides, pesticides, fertilizers, drugs, flavorings, food additives and fibers, as well as enzymes and microorganisms. The contents of the microcapsules may include an inert filler, which is the medium in which the substance was dispersed during microencapsulation, or necessary for the subsequent functioning of the active substance.

It should be noted that in the invention (Patent RU No. 2295370 C2, A62C 3/00, 03.20.2007 (D2)), the capsule shell is filled with a fire extinguishing agent, which, when heated inside the shell, has a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances, in normal conditions isolated from the external environment, and the shell is made thermally destructible.

According to the formula of the invention, the capsule shell is filled with water, which, as you know (chemport.ru> Electronic Reference> data164.shtml), has one of the lowest volume expansion coefficients from the data given in the electronic reference.

So, for example, in this source of information it is indicated that for water the coefficient of volume expansion β = 21 · 10 ⁵ , and for ethyl bromide, which is one of the effective fire extinguishing agents, β = 140 · 10 ⁵ .

It follows that the dominant process in the destruction of the capsule shell (Patent RU No. 2295370С2, А62С 3/00, 03.20.2007 (D2)) is a steam explosion due to the partial conversion of water into steam, and the size of the capsules is selected based on the occurrence of steam explosions of the capsules at their movement in the center of the suppressed fire (see the claims).

It is known that thermal destruction is a process that goes in time (http://gendocs.ru/ Lectures - Expert studies of the causes of destruction of materials). The action of repeated thermal stresses only in relatively rare cases has independent significance. More often, thermal cycling is superimposed with a long static, dynamic or other type of loading and is accompanied by a complex of phenomena that occur in materials at high temperatures - oxidation, aging, recrystallization, creep, etc.

The picture of thermal fatigue is complicated by the fact that not only the number of cycles, the level max and min of the temperature of the cycle, but also the duration of loading are essential for the characterization of this fracture. The last factor is all the more important, the higher the cycle temperature. The number of cracks from thermal fatigue increases sharply with increasing operating time.

According to paragraph 2 of the theoretical calculation of the previously mentioned method of extinguishing fires, an assessment of the dynamics of pressure growth during a steam explosion of capsules is given. It is shown that the duration of pressure increase from 1 atm to ~ 100 atm does not exceed hundredths of a second. That is, the steam explosion of the capsules occurs almost instantly in comparison with its heating.

Therefore, we can conclude that the process of thermal destruction of the shell of the capsule in this case has a slight effect (compared with the resulting steam explosion of the capsules) on the destruction of the shell as a whole.

It should be noted that the fire extinguishing method (Patent RU No. 2295370 C2, A62C 3/00, 03.20.2007 (D2)) is based on the dispersion of the water contained in the capsules, which is carried out due to the thermal energy of the fire, and therefore, the main purpose of these capsules is extinguishing various fires both in open areas and indoors.

In the claimed technical solution, the main task is to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials in the form of a microencapsulated agent filled with a substance that forms an intumescent coating when heated, and the method of destruction of the shell is based on the principle of volume expansion of the substance enclosed in the shell. Moreover, when a fire-retardant coating is formed on the said surface, the process of formation of a foamed heat-insulating layer dominates, and not the process of creating gas and vapor substances, which go both to the formation of a foamed heat-insulating layer and to the destruction of the microcapsule by a jointly expanding substance from the inside.

A technical solution is known (Patent RU No. 2469761, 12.20.2012, A62D 1/00), including the formation of a microcapsule containing a single-layer spherical polymer shell and a core filled with a substance. However, in this invention, a shell having explosive destruction ability is also formed, and the shell itself is filled with a substance in the form of a fire extinguishing liquid, which is easily gasified by heating in the temperature range of 90-270 ° C, which clearly contributes to the explosive destruction of the shell.

In the above example 12, the previously noted technical solution, shows the preparation of extinguishing material 36.4 g of liquid uncured epoxy resin were mixed with 3.6 g of polyethylene polyamine as a hardener and 40.0 g of the microencapsulated extinguishing agent according to the invention in the form of a powder containing the microcapsules described in Example 1. The resulting paste was placed in an aluminum pan (200 mm × 200 mm × 200 mm) coated with a release agent silicone and kept at 20-25 ° C for 48 hours for curing.

The obtained extinguishing material plate was placed on the inner wall of the same experimental box used in Example 11, with diesel fuel poured into it and diesel fuel was set on fire. Under the influence of the flame, the microcapsules were destroyed, and the fire was extinguished after 1-2 seconds. The plate was preserved, “craters” the size of a microcapsule formed after their destruction in the surface layer are visible on the surface.

The claimed invention provides for the formation of a foamed insulating layer uniformly distributed on the surface above the first coating layer with a substance that has increased in volume. That is, the design of the protective coating being created should ensure the integrity of the entire protective layer in case of fire.

A well-known example (http://www.innovaterussia.ru/project/blog/current/8382. AV Belovoshin. Fire extinguishing powder, with increased insulating ability of heated surfaces) use (except intumescent paint) fire extinguishing powders with high fire extinguishing and insulating ability due to swelling on heated surfaces.

In the work (Davydov A.B. Microcapsulation / A.B. Davydov, V.D. Solodovnik // Encyclopedia of Polymers; Ed. Collegium: V.A. Kabanov (ed.) [Et al.]. - T. 2 .: LI. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1974. - S. 247-258. Solodovnik VD Microencapsulation. - Moscow: Chemistry, 1980. - 216 p.) It is noted that microencapsulation is a process enclosing small particles of a substance in a thin shell of a film-forming material. As a result of microencapsulation, the product is obtained in the form of individual microcapsules ranging in size from fractions of a micron to hundreds of microns. The encapsulated substance, called the contents of the microcapsules, the active or basic substance, forms the core of the microcapsules, and the encapsulating material makes up the material of the shells. Shells perform the function of separating particles of one or more substances from each other and from the external environment until use.

It is known (http: //ru.wilkipedia.orl). that the main component of microcapsules - the encapsulated substance - can be in any state of aggregation - liquid, solid or gaseous.

It is known (http://allencvdopedia.ru/47168) the use of powders in medicine. Microencapsulation is used to preserve powdered products from caking, exposure to moisture, atmospheric oxygen, to protect chemically active compounds from premature interaction, to safely store and use aggressive and toxic substances.

Therefore, to enclose a fire extinguishing powder in a shell, which has an increased fire extinguishing and insulating ability due to expansion on heated surfaces, is technically feasible today in the development of technology.

Known (fire protection of structures, flame retardant materials and coatings, flame retardants and paint. Html) compounds, substances and materials for fire protection of materials, structures and products.

Terms and definitions in the field of fire protection, classification and general requirements for flame retardants and substances used in section 2.1 of this issue of the directory of the directory correspond to the draft NPB "Fire retardant compositions and substances. Terms and definitions. Classification. General requirements", developed and prepared for approval VNIIPO. Key terms and definitions are given below.

Fire-retardant composition (substance) (OZSV) - composition, substance (mixture of substances) or material with the required fire-retardant efficiency and specially designed for flame retardant treatment of various objects.

Fire protection object - a material, substance, structure or product subjected to treatment of hazardous pollutants in order to reduce their fire hazard or increase their resistance to the effects of dangerous fire factors.

Fire-retardant treatment - the application of OZVS on the surface (surface treatment, painting, coating, etc.) and (or) the introduction of fire protection into the volume of the object.

Fire retardant coating - a layer obtained as a result of fire retardant treatment on the surface of the fire protection object.

Fire-retardant efficiency is a qualitative or quantitative indicator characterizing the property of an HSE to reduce the fire hazard of fire protection objects to the required level according to current regulatory documentation or to provide their required regulatory resistance to the effects of dangerous fire factors.

Depending on the type of material of the fire protection object, OZVS are divided into those intended for:

- wood and materials based on it;

- metal;

- fabrics, nonwovens and carpets;

- sheaths of electrical cables;

- polymer and other materials.

Depending on the operating conditions, the OZVS are divided into those intended for:

- dry heated rooms;

- conditions of high humidity;

- atmospheric conditions;

- special conditions.

According to the method of flame retardant treatment, OZVS are divided into:

- impregnating compounds and flame retardants;

- coatings;

- combined.

OZVV by type of fire retardant coating are divided into:

- paints and varnishes;

- coatings;

- impregnating compounds and flame retardants.

It is known (Fire protection of building metal structures. Efficiency assessment. - Magazine F + S.mht) that the creation of fire-retardant intumescent coatings requires fundamental knowledge in the field of fire safety (fire hazard properties of substances and materials, the behavior of building structures under high temperature exposure), the chemistry of polymeric materials, Thermophysics and heat and mass transfer of materials at elevated temperatures.

In addition, it is possible to additionally provide widely known information confirming the possibility of obtaining the specified technical effect when using any substance that forms an intumescent coating when heated.

It is known (Thesis by S.Ya. Yamshchikova. Increasing the fire-retardant ability of intumescent coatings for oil and gas industry objects; Theses in the Technosphere: http://tekhnosfera.com/povyshenie-ognezaschitnoy-sposobnosti-vspuchivayuschihsya-pokrytiy-dlya-obektov-nefteaziyovsnefteaziovsneftegov ) that in modern practice of building oil and gas facilities, metal structures with high strength, relative lightness, and durability have become widespread. However, under the influence of high temperatures during a fire, they are deformed, lose stability, bearing capacity. Therefore, fire protection of metal structures is one of the urgent problems of increasing the fire resistance of buildings and structures. When protecting a steel structure with an intumescent (intumescent) coating, its fire resistance can range from 0.5 to 2.5 hours. For these purposes, paints, varnishes, mastics and other materials are currently used, which gradually displace cumbersome structural protection. The phenomenon of expansion, or intumescence, on the surface during combustion occurs under the action of simultaneous foaming and carbonization of the burning polymer system. Such coatings have recently been widely used in the oil and gas, petrochemical and chemical industries.

According to GOST R 12.3.047-98 F.4.3.2, the warranty period of the coating applied to the structure must be equal to the estimated life of the equipment (before overhaul), but not less than 10 years, while the warranty period is confirmed by accelerated climate tests in accordance with GOST 9.401-91.

The disclosure of the sign “any substance possessing when heated the properties of a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances” can be justified by the following well-known information from the prior art.

The work (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, pp. 216-247) provides examples of the creation of intumescent paints on mineral and organic binders to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials.

It is known (fire protection of metal structures. Htm) that modern flame retardants are applied to the surface to be protected with a thickness of up to 2 mm. Under the influence of high temperatures increase in volume up to 70 times and have fire retardant efficiency up to 90 minutes. As practice shows, the application of fire-retardant intumescent paints with a layer of more than 2 mm is impractical, because with a thickness of more than 2 mm the layer of fire-retardant paint warms up and swells unevenly. This leads to heterogeneity of the resulting protective layer, a decrease in its strength and leads to the fact that the fire retardant layer is crumbled.

The disclosure of information confirming the achievement of the specified technical result regardless of the type and material of the first layer can be justified by the following well-known information from the description of the application and the prior art.

It is known (Thesis by S.Ya. Yamshchikova. Increasing the fire-retardant ability of intumescent coatings for oil and gas industry objects; Theses in the Technosphere: http://tekhnosfera.com/povyshenie-ognezaschitnov-sposobnosti-vspuchivayuschihsya-pokrytiy-dlya-obektov-neftegixAGovyov ) that although intumescent coatings are capable of imparting high fire resistance to polymer compositions, they are not sufficiently resistant to industrial atmospheres and high humidity, resulting in long-term operation on the surface of the steel structure and under the coating tion (3 years or more) appear and develop pockets of corrosion decreases the adhesive strength, peeling and cracking occur coatings that ultimately leads to a decrease in the duration of fire protection. Therefore, the development of intumescent coatings with increased fire retardant ability, operating in difficult operating conditions, typical for enterprises in the oil and gas industry, is an urgent problem in the field of increasing fire and industrial safety of equipment and structures.

It is known (fire protection of metal structures.htm) that the application of flame retardants is carried out on the soil specified in the fire safety certificate, or if the flame retardant is applied to the surface of structures that will be used under special conditions, the use of primers recommended by the manufacturer of flame retardant material for these conditions is allowed specified in the technological regulations for this flame retardant material.

Before applying the flame retardant, it is necessary to clean the surface of the protected structure from previously applied coatings, rust, degrease and prime.

In cases where the fire-retardant material is operated in an aggressive environment, to protect it from the harmful effects of the environment, coating materials (varnishes or paints) recommended by the manufacturer of fire protection in the technological regulations are used.

Several types of intumescent paints in Russia are currently being produced on an industrial scale. However, a drawback of a number of such paints is their low protective ability against corrosive environments. Therefore, manufacturers of intumescent paints recommend covering them with weather-resistant varnishes in 2-3 layers (Theses in the Technosphere: http://tekhnosfera.com/povyshenie-ognezaschitnov-sposobnosti-vspuchivayuschihsya-pokrytiy-dlya-obektov-neftegazovoy-otrasli#ixzzzz.

In the claimed technical solution, the protection of these intumescent paints is based on their conclusion in a microcapsule, which allows to increase the efficiency of their use.

It is known (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, p. 242) that the main characteristics of intumescent paints: adhesion to metal from 50 to 100 Pa, impact strength 500 Pa .

Work on the application of intumescent compositions on the surface of steel structures includes the following technological operations: surface preparation, preparation of the working composition of the coating, coating. The protected surface should not have shells, cracks, metal flows and sharp protrusions with a radius of curvature of less than 0.5 cm.

Surface preparation includes: cleaning from dirt, rust, scale and old paint; degreasing with solvents (acetone, R-646); primer application GF-0163 or FL-03K. Before use, the FL-03K primer is mixed and NF-1 drier is added in an amount of 4% of the primer mass. Duration of drying the primer for at least 24 hours at ambient temperature (20 ± 2 ° C). Allowed the application of these primers on surfaces previously coated with a primer GF-020. At the same time, damaged and cracked areas are pre-cleaned and the entire surface is degreased with solvents.

The primer is applied with a pneumatic spray gun, brush or roller in 1-2 layers (up to the spreading rate of the metal) in accordance with the normative and technical documentation for this type of primer. The drying time for the primer GF-0163 is at least 24 hours for each layer, for the primer FL-03K - at least 8 hours at a temperature of 20 ° C. Primer consumption is 0.25 kg per 1 m ^{2 of} surface.

From the above examples, as well as from the description of the technical solution, which is a method of applying intumescent compositions to the surface of steel structures (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, p. 242) , it can be seen that the first coating layer is an indispensable condition for creating a complete fire-retardant coating with good adhesion to the protected surface.

The disclosure of information confirming the possibility of obtaining the specified technical result, in particular examples in relation to various surface materials, except metal, can be justified by the following well-known information from the prior art.

In the work (S.V.Sobur. Fire protection of materials and structures: Handbook. - 2nd ed. Add. (As amended) - M .: Special equipment, 2003, ill. (Ser. "Fire safety of an enterprise"), 15) it was noted that, as studies have shown, the use of many previously flame retardant impregnations and paints did not ensure the transfer of wood from the group of combustible materials to the group of hardly combustible materials. At the same time, the group of refractory materials was answered by materials and constructions subjected to autoclave impregnation, as well as protected by fire-retardant paints and varnishes of intumescent type.

Over the past three decades, intumescent fire retardant coatings have been widely used in many countries. This is explained by their low thermal conductivity in fire conditions due to the formation of a fine-meshed coating layer, which complicates the heating of wood, lengthening the phase of its preparation for active participation in the combustion process.

In the work (V.N. Demekhin, I.G. Mosalkov and others. Buildings, constructions and their stability in case of fire. - M: Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergencies of Russia, 2003, pp. 120-121) it is noted that as flame retardants for wood and wooden structures used: heat-insulating "clothes", fire-retardant coatings (which include paints, coatings) of solutions of fire-retardant anti-foams.

Paints and coatings perform a gas-insulating function. They prevent the release of decomposition products of wood and the penetration of oxygen to them. As a result, conditions for the formation of a combustible mixture in the gas phase are hindered.

Antipyrens, as a rule, influence the processes of thermooxidative decomposition, ignition and burning of wood. In particular, phosphorus-containing antipyrenes, which are most widely used for fire protection of wood, enhance the process of its carbonization, which leads to a decrease in the yield of combustible decomposition products.

In the work (V.N. fire protection of organic materials; fire protection of wood and products based on it are examples of the creation of surface fire retardants and wood impregnation with anti-foam. Including on page 123 an example of a wood coating - VPD fire-retardant fire-retardant coating for wood (GOST 25130-82) is given. The composition contains: melamine and urea-formaldehyde resin - 31.9%, 5% sodium salt solution and carboxymethyl cellulose - 15.9%, melem - 18.4%, dicyandiamide - 6.3%, ammophos - 27.5%. The original composition in the form of a thickened paste is diluted with water to the desired consistency. The coating is applied to a thickness of 0.2 mm, a flow rate of 700 g / m ² .

An example of a wood coating is given on page 123 - the Ekran-D intumescent coating - a mixture of heat-resistant gas-forming fillers in an aqueous solution of urea-formaldehyde resin and liquid glass, the composition is manufactured in the factory and is produced in two parts - A and B. Both parts are mixed to obtaining a homogeneous mass. The raw composition consumption is 1.2-1.5 kg per coating layer, the number of layers is at least three, the total coating thickness is 3-3.5 mm.

The work (I. G. Romanenkov, F. A. Levites. Fire protection of building structures. M: Stroyizdat, 1991, pp. 216-247) provides examples of the creation of intumescent paints on mineral and organic binders to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials. In particular, on page 220 it is noted that fire retardant intumescent paints on organic binders are widely used abroad and are known under various brand names: Pyrinox, Uniterm (Germany), Parfeur (France), Nonfire (Finland), Sebaterm (Czechoslovakia ), Peromors (Yugoslavia), Budaterm (Hungary) and others. Their application provides a fire resistance limit of steel structures of 0.75-1.5 hours and gives the wood flame retardant properties.

On page 222 it is noted that swellable paints also include formulations developed in Germany, for example, Pyrolan-64 and others. Pyrolan-64 is a powder mixture containing urea-formaldehyde resin, gaseous additives (monoammonium phosphate, etc.), filler and wetting agent . Despite the effectiveness of intumescent paints, their use is limited by air humidity conditions of not more than 60%. Painted wood needs the additional use of decorative materials.

It follows that the conclusion of the specified powder mixture in the microcapsule will improve the efficiency of their use.

The use of intumescent varnishes, which at 500-750 g / m ² ensure the transfer of wood into a group of hardly combustible materials, is widely used for fire protection of wooden structures.

Like intumescent paints, varnishes are capable of forming an abundant foamy layer of coal with low thermal conductivity when heated, protecting the wood from heating to the temperature of decomposition and ignition.

Known fire retardant intumescent paint (Patent RU No. 2224775, 02.27.2004), which relates to expandable polymer coatings that have a fire retardant effect in protecting wood and heat insulating effect in protecting metal structures in order to increase their fire resistance in case of fire, protect pulp and paper, polymer, cable products and fabric-based materials.

Known fire retardant intumescent composition VDLKM "OZ-K" (http://www.germostroy.ru/catalog/kraskaognezash/), designed for fire protection of electric cables (both single and cable bundles) of various grades: from AABl 6-10 kV various cross-section, up to VVG 0.4 kV of various cross-sections, cable routes, cable trays, control cables, wires and cords having different braids, in order to protect them from fire and non-proliferation of combustion along cable products. It is used to seal cable passages and cable communications (communication, signaling, control lines, etc.), to protect communication elements and already installed cable communications from preventing the spread of burning on their surface.

The fire-resistant intumescent compound VDLKM “OZ-K” not only prevents the ignition of cable products and prevents thermal ignition of cables, but also reduces the spread of combustion, the release of toxic and corrosive substances, reduces the smoke-forming ability and temperature of the smoke, provides increased fire resistance of the cable, that is increases its functioning time in case of fire.

Known refractory intumescent paint (Patent RU No. 2224775, 02.27.2004), which contains a carbonizing agent, a blowing agent and a filler as a binder resin or resin mixture, characterized in that it contains polyhydric alcohol and / or starch, in it contains starch and urea as a penocox stabilizer; sulfate salts of the metals cerium, manganese, copper, and magnesium are used as a foaming agent. As a component that increases the fire resistance of the paint, it contains aluminum hydroxide, which forms aluminum phosphate with phosphorus. As a dispersant, the paint contains talc, and the paint is made of one-component or two-component: from a binder of 20-40% of the total mass and a dry component of 60-80%. The combination of components in a certain combination allows to increase the fire resistance of the composition while reducing its consumption and improve adhesive properties.

Known flame retardant composition Defender C solvent (AK-123) TU 2316-014-76044141-09, which is an organo-borne fire retardant one-component composition of intumescent type, designed to reduce the fire hazard of power, control, fixed cable lines, communication cables laid in cable structures, as well as the building structures of buildings operated indoors with non-aggressive, slightly aggressive and moderately aggressive environments, as well as for outdoor work under the influence of climatic factors.

Fire retardant composition (http://defenderpaint.ru/13/64) Defender С solvent (AK-123) is used to protect electric cables with an outer sheath of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, rubber, as well as for electric cables with a metal braid.

Fireproofing compound Defender C solvent (AK-123) can be applied both to separately laid cables and cable bundles, as well as to cable metal structures (trays, ladders, brackets, suspensions). The fire-retardant coating obtained by applying the composition Defender C solvent (AK-123) retains its properties when exposed to sprayed water or fire extinguishing agents during the training or emergency activation of automatic fire extinguishing systems.

Coating compositions are known (Coating compositions, for example paints, oil or alcohol varnishes, characterized by physical properties or the action of the resulting coating, filling pastes, refractory paints - C09D 5 18.html).

In particular, from the above source of information, the following can be noted.

Known fire retardant intumescent paint (Application No. 20111130755/05, 01/27/2013), which relates to fire retardant paints and varnishes intended to protect various structures and materials, such as wood, metal surfaces, and can be used, for example, in construction, aviation, railway transport. Fire retardant intumescent paint contains, wt.%: Redispersible polymer binder 8-12, carbonizing agent - polyhydric alcohol 10-20, foaming agent 10-20, latent source of organic acid 20-40, pigment 4-7, filler 8-10 and thickener 0 , 1-0.5. Before use, the dry component of the paint is diluted with water. The invention is aimed at increasing the fire-retardant properties of the paint and the adhesion to the surface to be protected, while reducing transport costs, ease of use and economy of use, and also increases the range and arsenal of use.

A known method of obtaining a flame retardant intumescent composition (Patent RU No. 2492200, 09/10/2013). The invention relates to the field of flame retardant intumescent compositions used to reduce the flammability and fire resistance of materials and structures. A method of obtaining a flame retardant intumescent composition based on a polymeric binder, ammonium phosphate, pentaerythritol, melamine and target additives for stabilization and decorativeness includes the additional introduction of 3.0-7.0 wt.% Organosilicon polymers with the main chains of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms into the composition and 0.02-0.07 wt.% fullerene C ₆₀ . The technical result of the invention is to obtain a coating having various strength properties: maintaining adhesion to the surface to be protected at high temperatures, the elastic elasticity of the resulting foam coke.

The known (http://www.himpark.ru/iceberg101.html) fire retardant composition "Iceberg-101", which is a weatherproof fire retardant paint with the addition of heat-expanding additives, when exposed to open fire in a fire, forming a dense, non-combustible foam coke that prevents heating protected structure and preventing the loss of its bearing capacity. After drying, the paint forms a coating resistant to mechanical damage. The composition is not toxic, does not emit harmful substances when heated, does not form toxic compounds in the presence of other substances and factors.

The Iceberg-101 flame retardant is designed to increase the fire resistance limit of load-bearing and enclosing steel building structures up to 120 minutes, reinforced concrete structures, at all civil and industrial construction facilities, fire protection of cable, air ducts, composite (fiberglass) materials, wooden structures.

A description of the application is illustrated in FIG. 1-3. In FIG. 1 shows a flat protected surface covered by the proposed fire retardant coating (at the moment of the beginning of exposure to it by the heat flux). In FIG. 2 shows a flat protected surface covered by the proposed fire retardant coating, at the moment of opening the shells of the microcapsules in the matrix and the formation of a foamed heat-insulating layer (with constant exposure to the surface by heat flux). In FIG. 3 shows a flat protected surface covered by the proposed fire-retardant coating, after the formation of a foamed heat-insulating layer uniformly distributed on the surface by a substance that increased in volume (with constant exposure to the surface by a heat flux).

The inventive method of applying a microencapsulated agent to the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials (Fig. 1) can be carried out using previously known (existing) coating methods and includes:

- preparing the surface 1, for example, of a metal structure and applying the first coating layer 2 to it, for example, anti-corrosion soil;

- applying directly to an unsuitable (sticky) first layer 2 (for example, an anticorrosive protective coating) a second layer of fire retardant in the form of a microencapsulated agent 3, the shell 4 of which is filled with intumescent material, for example, intumescent paint, which forms an intumescent coating 5 in the form of a foamed heat-insulating foam when heated layer. The microencapsulated agent 3 is applied in the form of a matrix directly onto the first non-dried (sticky) layer of coating 2 before drying (Fig. 1). The microencapsulated agent 3 itself is supplied pneumatically by extruding microcapsules from a special container with compressed gas;

- the coating is dried at a temperature below the threshold at which the spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to the formation of intumescent coatings begin in the substance enclosed in the microcapsule core.

The inventive method of creating a fire retardant intumescent coating is illustrated as follows:

- the creation of a fire-retardant coating 5 (Fig. 3) after opening when heating the shell of the microencapsulated agent 3 is carried out by uniform distribution on the surface of the expanded intumescent substance in two stages. At the first stage, at the moment of opening the shells 4 of the microencapsulated agent 3 (Fig. 2), the formation of fragments 6 of the foamed heat-insulating layer 5 above the opened shell 4 of the microencapsulated agent 3 occurs. At the second stage, the formation of the foamed heat-insulating layer 5 (Fig. 3) is uniformly distributed on surface 1 above the first coating layer 2, an expandable intumescent material. In the claimed technical solution in the process of volume expansion of the substance during the formation of the intumescent coating 5 in the form of a foamed insulating layer, it slowly “spreads” into the intercellular space with the filling of all voids formed, resulting in a light uniform fire-retardant coating on the surface of the structure of any configuration. The emitted phlegmatizing and inhibiting combustion process products do not create in large buildings and premises the concentration of extinguishing agent vapors, which reaches the threshold extinguishing concentration.

The claimed technical solution allows to simplify the design of the protective coating, to eliminate intermediate drying of the layers, for example, as noted in the technical solution (Patent RU No. 2352601, 04/20/2009, IPC D09 5/18) and significantly reduces the time of its creation.

The process of creating a fire retardant coating on the surface according to the claimed method can be implemented without additional material costs.

The microencapsulated extinguishing agent according to the present invention, obtained in the form of a dry fine powder, is effective, convenient to use and store, has good compatibility with paints, varnishes and other curable polymer matrices in order to obtain fire-retardant intumescent coatings on a surface in case of fire according to the claimed way.

An intumescent material enclosed in a microcapsule shell, such as an intumescent paint, is isolated from the environment in an enclosed space that virtually eliminates the “aging” of the specified agent. In case of fire, the shell of the microcapsule in the matrix heats up and collapses from the inside due to the fact that in the substance enclosed in the core of the microcapsule and having a large coefficient of volume expansion when heated, spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes begin, which lead to the formation of an intumescent coating in the form of a foamed insulating layer . The gas and vapor substances formed in this process go both to the formation of a foamed insulating layer and to the destruction of the microcapsule from the inside of the shell by a jointly expanding substance.

The use of a single-layer microcapsule shell design allows for the abnormal development of a fire in the zone of maximum shell heating to destroy it thermally with the rapid formation of a “burnout spot”, which leads to an intensification of the formation of a fire-retardant intumescent coating.

A method for producing a microencapsulated extinguishing agent according to the invention includes known technological operations in which process control elements can be introduced to obtain microcapsules of specified parameters and properties.

The manufacturing process of the inventive microencapsulated agent to create a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials using the method of its production can be implemented by any known method of producing this agent and includes:

- the stage of formation of the microcapsule, in which its shell is made in the form of a single-layer structure, and the shell of the microcapsule under normal conditions isolates the core from the external environment and is thermally destroyed without explosive destruction at a given operating temperature of the microencapsulated extinguishing agent (as indicated in the prototype - patent RU No. 2389525 05/20/2010);

- the stage of formation of the microcapsule core, the shell of which is filled with a substance that, when heated inside the shell, has properties of a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances.

At the same time, at the stage of formation of the microcapsule, its shell is single-layer, which makes it possible to intensify the processes of heating the core of the shell of the microcapsule and its opening.

To create a matrix, according to the author of the invention, the following materials can be used: polyethylene, polypropylene and other thermoplastic polymers in which there is no effect of "explosive" destruction of the material.

The proposed technical solution allows to preserve the fire resistance of wooden and metal structures, cables and other products for a long period of time of their operation and reduce material costs for maintaining fire-retardant coatings in working condition, to obtain a light fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, as well as to minimize monitoring the effectiveness (quality) of fire retardant coatings.

Thus, the above analysis of modern theoretical ideas about the mechanisms for creating an effective fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials and modern theoretical ideas about the mechanism of expansion and aging of fire retardant coatings, as well as well-known information from the prior art and the above description of the application for the invention confirm that the proposed technical the solution is used for its intended purpose with the achievement of the specified technical result.

The above data indicate that the technical solution meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under applicable law.

Claims (8)

1. A method of obtaining a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, including preparing the surface, applying a first coating layer thereon, applying a second coating layer containing intumescent material thereon, and drying the coating, characterized in that the second layer of the flame retardant coating is applied in the form matrix containing a microencapsulated agent, the shell of which is filled with intumescent material, directly on the first coating layer before drying, and the coating is dried at a temperature below p Oroga, in which in the intumescent substance enclosed in the core of the microcapsule, the onset of spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes leading to the expansion of the substance occurs. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that as the intumescent contains paint or powder with intumescent properties. 3. A microencapsulated agent for creating a fire-retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, which is microcapsules, the shell of which is thermally degradable, and in normal conditions isolates the core from the external environment, is filled with a fire extinguishing substance, characterized in that the shell is filled with an intumescent material having heating properties of a significant increase in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances that destroy the shell from the inside when it is heated. 4. The microencapsulated agent according to claim 3, characterized in that as the intumescent substance contains paint or powder having intumescent properties. 5. A method of producing a microencapsulated agent for creating a fire retardant coating on the surface of combustible and non-combustible materials, comprising the formation of a microcapsule containing a single-layer spherical polymer thermally degradable shell, and a core filled with a substance, characterized in that the shell is filled with an intumescent material, which has a significant increase when heated in volume with the formation of gas and vapor substances that destroy the shell from the inside when it is heated. 6. The method according to p. 5, characterized in that as intumescent contains paint or powder with intumescent properties. 7. A method of creating a fire retardant intumescent coating, which consists in simultaneously heating the shell of the microcapsule and the substance enclosed in its core, followed by the destruction of the shell of the microcapsule, characterized in that the coating is created due to the volume expansion of the intumescent microcapsule enclosed in the core when it is heated to a temperature at which occurs the onset of spontaneous chemical reactions and physical processes, and the destruction of the shell of the microcapsule from the inside, with a uniform distribution on the surface ti intumescent substance. 8. The method according to p. 7, characterized in that as the intumescent contains paint or powder with intumescent properties.

Images