RU2577748C1 - Method of overcoming obstacles / versions/ - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to operation of vehicles, particularly to methods of overcoming obstacles. In one version, method of overcoming obstacles, for passage of movable heavy load through object with lower load-carrying capacity than weight of object being crossed, movable weight is attached by a rope or chain to helicopter and passes through said object in said position. In another embodiment, for passage of movable heavy load through object with lower bearing capacity, object is attached by a rope or chain to a helicopter (helicopters), and in said position goods cross said object. Object is attached to a helicopter or with two groups of pulleys (units), connected by a common pulley, and in each group one upper pulley keeps axes of two lower pulleys, or using two groups of rocker arms connected to a common yoke, with one in each group of upper rocker holds middle of two lower rockers. Hovering height of helicopters can be 2-8 times diameter of helicopter rotor.

EFFECT: possibility of overcoming obstacles vehicles with lower load capacity than weight of vehicle.

6 cl

Description

The invention relates to means of crossing over bridges and rivers of vehicles whose weight is greater than the carrying capacity of the crossing means. Mostly military, but can be used for a one-time passage over a bridge of especially heavy cargo, for example a turbine unit.

It is known "Device to increase the patency of combat vehicles", see US Pat. No. RU 2431109, in which tanks form a “tank train” and help each other overcome steep climbs, descents and water obstacles. However, the problem of the passage of any equipment through, say, a bridge whose bearing capacity is less than the weight of the object remains.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to overcome such and water bodies.

OPTION 1. For the passage of a moving heavy load, such as tanks, through an object of lower bearing capacity, for example, through a flimsy bridge, the following method can be applied: the moving load is fastened with a cable or chain to a helicopter and in this position is transported through the said object.

The idea of the method is understandable - the weight of the cargo becomes less by the lifting force of the helicopter, and if the remaining weight is less than the bearing capacity of the obstacle, then it can be overcome without problems.

To reduce the weight of the cables, they can be made of modern high-strength fibers - carbon fiber, vectran, zalon, dima, spectra, modified polyethylene.

No difficulties in controlling the helicopter are foreseen. Moreover, if you attach the cargo to the helicopter not with one strong cable, but with four or six parallel thinner ones located around the thrust vector, then the helicopter can not be controlled at all - it will not be able to deviate from the vertical, even if it wants to.

EXAMPLE 1. A column of tanks approaches a stationary bridge or a pontoon ferry whose carrying capacity is insufficient. Several powerful helicopters fly up to the convoy, for example, MI-26, which in turn hook each tank, move along with it to the other side, quickly disengage, and the helicopter flies behind the next tank. Do not use too many helicopters - more than 3-4 helicopters will already interfere with each other. If necessary, you can organize helicopters in bundles of 2 or more helicopters using the device according to US Pat. No. RU 2446991, (although a bundle of 3-4 powerful helicopters can transport a tank simply by air, without any bridge).

This method is good because one helicopter can transport an unlimited number of tanks. It only takes time.

OPTION 2. To overcome a moving heavy cargo through a water barrier on a floating vehicle (hereinafter referred to as the "watercraft"), whose carrying capacity is insufficient for this cargo, the cargo or watercraft is fastened with a cable or chain to the helicopter and in this position is transported through the water barrier.

The idea of the method is the same. Moreover, to obtain the desired lifting force, you can use the volume of the cargo itself, immersed in water, such as a tank.

EXAMPLE 2: A tank column approaches a ferry or a group of self-propelled pontoons and a group of helicopters flies up. Suppose a pontoon has a carrying capacity of 30 tons, the helicopter's lifting force is 25 tons. And the tank’s weight is 60 tons. Not enough! But the pontoon has a special design, representing two floats and a platform between them, lowered 2-3 meters below the water level. When a tank with a snorkel (air suction pipe) enters the platform, it is immersed in water and, according to the law of Archimedes, loses weight, say, 10 tons. In total, the lifting force is 65 tons, which is enough for swimming. It is only necessary to precisely maintain equilibrium so that the center of gravity of the system from the pontoon and the tank is exactly above or below the center of the displacement of the system from the pontoon and the tank.

This variant of the method has the advantage that the tank is not visible, and cannot be hit by anti-tank missiles - they will explode on the surface of the water. Of course, the speed of the pontoon should be as high as possible in order to rationally use the helicopter.

By the way, there is one elegant subtlety - it is better to mount the helicopter not to the tank, but to the pontoon. In this case, after leaving the tank on the other side, the helicopter simply lifts the pontoon into the air and flies back to the first shore behind the new tank at high speed. And do not waste time hitching.

OPTION 3. In this embodiment, for the passage of a moving heavy load through an object of lower bearing capacity, the object itself is attached with a cable or chain to a helicopter (helicopters), and in this position the cargo is forwarded through the said object.

This method is both better and worse. First, a long bridge will require many helicopters operating dangerously close to each other. Secondly, it is thus difficult to transport cargo through reinforced concrete and pontoon bridges - a powerful helicopter can simply lift up a section of the bridge into the air. The reinforced concrete bridge may collapse or crack, while the pontoon bridge may break from the anchors. However, such a trick is possible if the pilots will clearly increase the thrust of the helicopters as cargo approaches the helicopter and will weaken it to the flight minimum in the absence of cargo (this also saves fuel and engine life of helicopter engines).

Helicopters are recommended to be staggered in height - one slightly lower, another slightly higher, etc., so that there is less chance of hitting each other with blades. With this alternation, helicopters can be located more often - even closer to each other than the diameter of the rotor. True, destabilizing flows from the propellers of the two nearby upper helicopters will act on the lower helicopter, so the pilots of the lower helicopters should be of a higher class.

It is advisable to fasten the cable to the bridge not at one or even two points, but with the help of two groups of pulleys (blocks) connected by a common pulley, and in each group one upper pulley holds the axes of the two lower pulleys. For example, the bridge is mounted at four points on each side (right and left) using seven pulleys (the upper common pulley holds the axes of the two lower groups, and three pulleys in each group on the right and left) to redistribute the load when the helicopter deviates. In this case, the cables must have limiters so that the cable under its own weight does not scroll on the block in one direction until the cable jumps off the pulley.

Each of the pulleys can be replaced by a beam, in which case the middle of the lower beam is attached to one of the ends of the upper, but it will turn out to be more difficult.

However, in the case of pulleys or rocker arms, the force at each attachment point will be small. This is both good and bad. The good thing is that the strength of the cable can be several times less than if there was one cable (principle of parachute slings). But it’s bad that the bridge is not supported rigidly, and when the tank passes it will bend in this place (the cable on the pulleys gives it such an opportunity). From the point of view of bridge strength, it would be more profitable for all the cables to be of maximum strength equal to the helicopter's carrying capacity, and the cables should be attached to the bridge with adjustable snap-action locks that let the cable through and also have some amount of rest friction. However, one upper pulley or rocker can be left, it will even be useful (if the tank will go exactly along the longitudinal axis of the bridge). Moreover, the rocker in this sense is even preferable to the pulley - in the case of a crack in the bridge, for example, on the left, the rocker of limited length (for example, 1 meter) will completely rotate, and the bridge will hang on the right branch of the cables. This second support can help the tank slip through a cracked area.

EXAMPLE 3a. The helicopter catches the bridge with the help of a single pulley or beam, dividing the two branches of the cables - right and left (or without a pulley). The cables are attached to the bridge with the help of the mentioned locks with friction of rest. The helicopter gives lift, and the cables synchronously select the backlash, stretching through the locks with rest friction. At the right moment, the pilot or ground operator gives an electric or radio command, and all the locks instantly fix the cable. Now, when loading any section of the bridge, the helicopter holds this section with all possible force.

Crossing an all-iron bridge according to option 3 will not cause any difficulties, since such a bridge can withstand the lifting force without problems (if only the anchors had sufficient strength).

EXAMPLE 3b. A column of tanks approaches an iron bridge and a group of helicopters flies up. On a flat surface, helicopters are assembled in a chain using the aforementioned device for connecting helicopters into bundles (so as not to collide in the air in hover mode). Although with sufficient pilot skill and in good weather (in the absence of a gusty wind), you can do without it. In the latter case, helicopters cling to the bridge in two groups (first odd, then even) and unload it with their lifting force. Tanks are being transported.

This third method has a huge advantage - the speed of movement of goods. In the previous first case, speed was limited by the requirement for synchronous movement of the tank and the helicopter (although the helicopter can stretch the tank with the cable tilted forward) and the loss of time on the hitch-release. In the second case, the speed was limited by the speed of the pontoon. And in the third case, tanks can pass over the bridge from acceleration at a speed of 40-50 km / h, observing the established interval (one tank per bridge span so as not to overload the bridge).

True, the third option also has one, but a terrible drawback - low combat survivability. If the enemy crashes at least one helicopter or if it simply breaks down, then a “domino effect” can form, and almost all helicopters will be in disaster.

In the two listed options 1 and 3, it is necessary that the height of the helicopters is sufficiently large, about 2-8 diameters of the rotor of the helicopter. Otherwise, the pressure of the downward flow of air to the bridge may increase its actual load. For the second option, this height can be reduced to the limit, for example, to 0.5 screw diameter. When traveling through a cable-stayed bridge, the height of the helicopters should be increased more than the height of the cable-stayed mast.

Thanks to this invention, and also thanks to the prototype No. RU 2431109, tanks can unexpectedly appear to the enemy in the place where he did not expect them at all.

Claims (6)

1. A method of overcoming obstacles, consisting in the fact that for the passage of a moving heavy load through an object of less bearing capacity than the weight of the transported object, the moving load is attached by a cable or chain to a helicopter and in this position is transported through the said object. 2. A method of overcoming obstacles, consisting in the fact that for the passage of a moving heavy load through an object of lower bearing capacity, the object is fastened with a cable or chain to a helicopter (s), and in this position the cargo is transported through the said object. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the said object is attached to the helicopter using two groups of pulleys (blocks) connected by a common pulley, and in each group one upper pulley holds the axis of the two lower pulleys. 4. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the said object is attached to the helicopter with the help of two groups of rockers connected by a common beam, and in each group one upper beam keeps the middle of the two lower rockers. 5. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the cables are attached to the bridge with adjustable locks of instant action, passing the cable and having a certain amount of static friction. 6. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the height of the helicopters is 2-8 diameters of the rotor of the helicopter.