RU2577589C2 - Method for weakening of ice cover on the river and a device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to releasing ice from the river beds and can be used for weakening of ice blocks. Method of weakening ice blocks on the rivers involves feeding water from the riverbed area to the the level of “water-ice” media interface. Water is supplied by a drive. Drive uses kinetic energy of the moving flow. Device for weakening ice blocks comprises housing, nozzle, a shaft with impeller, hydraulic motor and hose with a float. Housing is placed below the level of ice cover.

EFFECT: possibility to create and maintain a lane in the ice cover.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the weakening of an ice monolith with the aim of cleaning, accelerating the release of ice from the river bed to reduce the consequences caused by the formation of congestion and blockages.

The weakening of the ice monolith by our ancestors was carried out, in particular, by collecting ice for glaciers from problem areas of the river channel.

At present, the weakening of the ice monolith is carried out by cutting longitudinal trenches of small width or by melting ice, which is associated with the enormous consumption of electric energy, liquid fuel.

Widespread was the method of weakening the ice monolith by blowing up ice on possible problem areas of the rivers. In critical situations, the destruction of ice monoliths is also carried out by explosives discharged from aircraft, and sometimes by shelling from artillery installations.

The known method is the device adopted as a prototype, weakening the ice monolith by lifting the "warm" water from the lower horizons of the river bed by a centrifugal pump conducted by an electric motor. Impeller water is pumped through the pump casing, forced out onto the surface of the water area, forming an ice-free lane [patent RU 2295001 C2, class. E02B 15/02].

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that electrical systems are very dangerous elements in an aqueous environment, and the energy components of operating costs and laying power lines make such a system unprofitable.

These disadvantages can be eliminated with a constructive change in the drive circuit, namely the use of current flow energy to drive. The energy of a natural stream, such as a river, is primarily determined by the kinetic energy determined by the speed of this stream at one point or another in the river channel. One of the ways to use the kinetic energy of the current stream is to influence it on a hydraulic turbine, which perceives the influence of the current stream and leads, rotating units, which are the load. In the proposed method, such a unit is a centrifugal pump.

Application of the method - the implementation of the use of energy of the current stream to drive a centrifugal pump - eliminates the consumption of electrical energy.

The effectiveness of the proposed method can be improved by using the effect of dynamic or velocity pressure at the inlet of the centrifugal pump inlet, for which the inlet must have a confuser in the form of a box of variable cross section with a decrease in its cross-sectional area from the end to the housing, which provides pressure support with a pressure increment under action of flowing fluid. Support, increase in pressure at the inlet to the pump, allows to increase its productivity or pressure.

The proposed method can be implemented by a design in which a turbine is placed, on the same shaft with which the impeller of a centrifugal pump is installed. The housing mounted on these supports has an intake and a nozzle through which water enters through a hose, the free end of which is fixed to a float floating on the water-ice medium section. During the construction process, water from the lower layers of the water flow is poured onto the boundary of the water-ice media and provides a zone with a relatively high temperature, creating a mine - a space free of ice.

The efficiency of the device can be improved by using an Archimedean screw instead of an impeller, which ensures stable operation at low shaft revolutions and a small (3-4 meters) water lifting height or, together, an impeller and an Archimedean screw.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for attenuating an ice monolith.

The device, which includes a cylindrical housing (1), inside of which the impeller of a centrifugal pump (3) rotates on the shaft (2), has a pipe (4) in the upper part. To drive a centrifugal pump, a hydraulic motor (11) is installed on one shaft with it. The entire structure is mounted at the bottom of the river on racks (9), mounted on the bottom support (10).

In the lower part of the casing there is a water intake (12) with a bell (6) located perpendicular to the direction of the flow of water - current.

A flexible hose (7) is put on the nozzle (4), the free end of which is attached to the float (8). To feed water upward, an Archimedean screw (5) or an Archimedean screw together with an impeller can be used.

The implementation of the proposed method will be considered in the process of the device.

A device consisting of a housing (1), uprights (9) and a bottom support (10) with a shaft (2), an impeller (3) or an Archimedean screw (5) placed in it is installed in the river channel until ice formation so that the water intake (12) was perpendicular to the direction of flow, and the top end would be below the possible edge of the ice.

A flexible hose (7) is put on the pipe (4), the free end of which is equipped with a float (8).

During operation of the hydraulic turbine, its shaft (2) rotates, to which the impeller (3) or Archimedes screw (5) are connected, respectively, warm water from the level of the water intake will be supplied to the upper part of the housing (1) and through the pipe (4) and hose (7) held by a float spill onto the level of a river mirror.

Placing the water intake perpendicular to the river will create some kind of water backwater at the entrance to the device.

An Archimedean screw will allow to supply high water flow rates with a small height of its rise, and placing the end of the hose on the float will ensure that the "warm" water is brought to the required level.

These design solutions, together with a drive from a turbine that uses the energy of the river flow, allowed us to implement a method of weakening the monolith of the river ice cover without using external sources of electric energy.

Claims (4)

1. The method of weakening the ice monolith, which consists in supplying water from the lower layers of the stream to the level of the interface between the water-ice media, characterized in that the supply is made by the drive using the kinetic energy of the current stream. 2. A device for implementing the method of easing an ice monolith according to claim 1, consisting of a housing located below the level of the ice cover, a pipe, a shaft with an impeller, characterized in that it has a hydraulic motor and a flexible hose with a float at the free end. 3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that it is equipped with an Archimedean screw. 4. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that it has a water intake with a confuser.

Images