RU2575703C2 - Ceiling for laminar air flow generation in operation room - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to lighting engineering and may be installed in an operation room. A ceiling for laminar air flow generation in an operation room comprises an air-ventilation chamber formed by an upper horizontal wall, lower horizontal wall and side walls, and a number of lamp substantially mounted within the above air-ventilation chamber. The lamps comprise a first unit accommodating a first electric motor having a first output shaft with a first gear, a second unit connected to the first unit and configured to rotate about the first unit along a first axis, and a third unit comprising one or more light-emitting elements, connected to the second unit and configured to rotate about the second unit along a second axis. The second axis is substantially perpendicular to the first one. A first gear is configured engaged to a gear on the second unit. The second unit of lamps comprises a mechanism for rotating the third unit in relation to the above second axis; the above mechanism does not substantially overlap the second unit.

EFFECT: increase in lighting intensity.

12 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a lamp for installation on part of a ceiling or part of a wall, and more particularly, to a lamp which is particularly suitable for installation on a ceiling of an operating room.

State of the art

In order for the medical professional and his / her team to be able to perform the surgical intervention, intensive illumination of the area of operation and, in particular, the patient's insides is usually necessary.

To this end, many operating rooms are equipped with lamps mounted on the distal end of the movable brackets. These brackets can be manually operated to direct the light in the desired direction and provide the proper lighting needed during the surgery.

However, this conventional way of lighting an operating room has several drawbacks. For example, each of the lamps must be manually manipulated to illuminate a specific area of the operating room. If the operation requires illumination of various parts of the human body or different areas of the operating room (except for the patient, for example, also a trolley or table for instruments), this can be difficult to achieve using these conventional means. In addition, the areas of the operating room that should be illuminated can change during the operation, while various lamps, therefore, will have to be continuously manipulated manually, which can be difficult. In addition, the presence of a bracket and a lamp can disturb the laminar air flow installed by the ceiling to create a laminar air flow; and even more if there are many lamps for lighting various parts of the operating room.

Ceilings for creating a laminar air flow can be installed in the operating rooms (their parts) to form a substantially laminar vertical air flow from the ceiling to the operating site. This airflow is designed to keep the operating room (and especially the patient) free from germs, bacteria, pathogens, etc. and eliminating contamination by the medical specialist and the patient’s surgical field personnel.

The presence of brackets and lamps can disturb the laminar air flow formed by the ceiling to create a laminar air flow, and thus can increase the risk of infections after surgery.

Document WO 2007/036581 describes a lighting system comprising a matrix of light-emitting elements in which light-emitting elements can be controlled individually or in groups. This solves the problem of simultaneously lighting various areas of the operating room. However, the matrix of light-emitting elements is suspended from the ceiling and can significantly disturb the laminar air flow from the ceiling to create a laminar air flow.

Document WO 01/69130 describes a ceiling comprising a plurality of prefabricated modular lighting elements. These modular lighting elements comprise a gyroscopic suspension system for rotating an incandescent lamp (or LED elements) around two axes. However, the gyroscopic suspension system takes up a lot of space and requires laborious installation. In addition, if such a lamp is installed in the ceiling to create a laminar air flow, the space occupied by the lamp cannot be used to pass air into the operating room.

The present invention aims to eliminate or at least partially reduce one or more of the aforementioned disadvantages related to systems of the prior art. Further advantages will become apparent from the following description.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a lamp comprising a first module for attaching to a wall or ceiling element, a second module connected to the first module and rotating relative to the first module along the first axis, a third module containing one or more light emitting elements, the third module being connected with the second module and rotates relative to the second module along the second axis, while the second axis is essentially perpendicular to the first axis.

According to this object of the invention, a lamp is obtained that is able to widely change the area that it illuminates (the lamp can rotate around two perpendicular axes), while it is easily installed and occupies a reduced space.

In some embodiments, said first module comprises a first electric motor having a first output shaft with a first gear, said first gear being engaged with a gear located on the second module. When using this configuration, the first and second modules can be located essentially along one longitudinal axis, and the lamp, thus, takes up less space.

Preferably, the second module comprises a mechanism for rotating the third module along said second axis, said mechanism essentially not protruding outside the edges of the second module. In some of these embodiments of the invention, the second module may comprise a second electric motor having a second output shaft with a first joint mounted at or near its end, a first end of a first link connected to a first end of said first joint, and a first end of a second link connected with a second end of said first hinge, a second end of said first link connected to a first end of a second hinge, and a second end of said second link connected to a second end of a second hinge, wherein azanny second hinge is mounted on the second shaft, located along said second axis such that said third shaft is rotated by said second motor. In this particular configuration, the second module and the third module can be located along one longitudinal axis, while the third module rotates along an axis perpendicular to this line. This may further limit the space occupied by the lamps in accordance with the present invention.

In some embodiments, the third module may comprise a plurality of LEDs. All of these LEDs can be essentially the same, or different types of LEDs (for example, different colors) can be used in the same lamp. In alternative embodiments, one or more incandescent lamps may be used.

According to another aspect, the invention provides a ceiling for creating a laminar air flow for an operating room comprising a ventilation chamber, the ventilation chamber being delimited by an upper horizontal wall, a lower horizontal wall and four side walls and has a plurality of lamps essentially as described above. Preferably, said plurality of lamps are arranged substantially within said ventilation chamber. Lamps do not take up much space and can be easily located in the ventilation chamber. According to this object, laminar air flow from the ceiling to create a laminar air flow is not disturbed, while the lamps are still able to selectively illuminate various parts of the operating room.

In some embodiments, the second axes of the plurality of lamps lie in a plane substantially coinciding with the lower horizontal wall of the ventilation chamber. In these embodiments of the invention, the lamps essentially do not protrude outside the ventilation chamber and thus cannot significantly disturb the laminar air flow. At the same time, any light produced by the light emitting elements in the third lamp module is not blocked by part of the ceiling.

In some embodiments, the first modules of the plurality of lamps are mounted on the upper horizontal wall of the ventilation chamber. According to this object, the lamps can be installed in an especially light manner.

In some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of tubular elements are disposed substantially within said ventilation chamber, with each tubular element surrounding one of the lamps. If necessary, these tubular elements can be installed on the first end of the upper wall of the ventilation chamber and can be installed on the second end of the lower wall of the ventilation chamber. Thus, an especially easy way to install the lamps is obtained. Additionally, the tubular element surrounding the lamp can eliminate contamination of the lamp components and can also reduce possible disturbance of the air flow within the ventilation chamber.

In some embodiments, the lower wall of the ventilation chamber may comprise a plurality of rectangular lower wall elements. Such a modular construction can be especially easily manufactured and assembled.

If necessary, one or more of these segments of the lower wall may contain a cutout adapted for essentially mating with the lamp, as essentially described above. If necessary, these cutouts can be located in the corner regions of the rectangular elements of the lower wall. According to this aspect of the invention, the ceiling portion for the passage of laminar air flow can be maximized.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described only by way of non-limiting examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figa-1f is a view of a lamp according to the first embodiment in accordance with the present invention;

figa-2c is a view of an embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention, installed in the ceiling to create a laminar air flow;

figure 3 is a detail view of an embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention;

4 is a view of a possible arrangement of the ceiling to create a laminar air flow, which can preferably be used in combination with lamp embodiments in accordance with the present invention; and

5 is a schematic illustration of a method for illuminating an operating field of an operating room using lamps in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description of Embodiments

Fig. 1a shows an isometric view in partial cross section of a lamp in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The lamp 20 comprises a first module 30, a second module 40, and a third module 45. The first module 30 includes mounting brackets 31 for mounting the lamp on part of the ceiling (or, alternatively, on part of the wall). The side brackets 32 connect the mounting brackets 31 to the lower brackets 35. The brackets form the support frame of the first module. Between the brackets, corresponding plate elements can be arranged to form a closed housing. On the lower brackets 35 is located the base 34 of the first electric motor. The first electric motor 33 is connected to the specified base 34 of the first electric motor.

In this embodiment, the second module 40 comprises a lower bracket 41. Two side brackets 42 extend downward from the sides of the lower bracket 41 (only one is shown in FIG. 1a). A drive mechanism 43 is used to rotate the third module 45 relative to the second module 40. A hemispherical cover 46 is used, which can be substantially transparent or translucent and has an annular flange 47. Some additional lamp details in accordance with this first embodiment of the invention may become apparent upon reading with fig.1b-1f.

1b, reference numeral 29 is used to indicate the axis 29 around which the second module 20 can rotate relative to the first module 30. A ceiling or wall element 19 is shown to which the mounting brackets 31 can be connected by any appropriate attachment method (screws, bolts, welding , glues, etc.). A shaft 49 is also indicated, which forms a second axis around which the third module 45 can rotate relative to the second module 40. The shaft 49 is essentially perpendicular to the axis 29. This gives the lamp greater freedom of working movement, as shown in Fig. 1e.

In situation A in FIG. 1e, the lamp is shown with the second and third modules in the 0 ° position. In situation B, the third module 45 is rotated 45 ° relative to the second module 40. In situation C, the second module 40 is also rotated 45 ° relative to the first module 30. Thus, it is shown that due to the use of the lamp in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, due to the perpendicular The arrangement of these two axes can achieve a wide range of lighting directions with a single lamp.

Fig. 1e also shows the first and second modules with full housings, that is, including plate elements between different brackets. 1e, it can be seen that the mechanism for rotating the third module relative to the second module does not essentially protrude beyond the edges of the second module, thus making the lamp compact. In the particular construction shown in FIG. 1, when the second modules are in 0 ° positions relative to the first module, the mechanism for rotating the third module also does not extend beyond the imaginary extent of the edges of the first module. On fig.1d shows some details of the drive mechanism of the first and second modules. The second module comprises a second engine 50 attached to the base bracket 41. A hinge 52 is attached to the end portion of the output shaft 51 of the second engine. At the first end 52a and at the second end 52b of the hinge 52, the first and second links 53 and 54 are mounted. The first and second rods 53 and 54 are connected by their other ends to the first and second ends of the second hinge (see figa). This second hinge is mounted on the shaft 49 so that when the second motor 50 is activated, the first and second hinges rotate in unison, rotating the third module 45 around the shaft 49.

The base bracket 41 includes guides 38 in which the protrusions 37 of the first module are guided. The stop disc 36 provides a connection between the first module and the second module. On fig.1d does not show the gear of the second module, meshing with the gear located on the output shaft of the first electric motor 33. On fig.1f shows another view of the same drive mechanisms. The same figure also shows the cooling grooves of the third module 45 and the hemispherical cover 46.

Finally, FIG. 1c shows a plurality of light emitting elements 59 arranged in the third module 45. In this particular embodiment, 18 LEDs are used. However, it will be understood that any other number of LEDs may also be used. Additionally, other light emitting elements (such as, for example, incandescent lamps) can also be used instead of LEDs. However, LEDs can present some advantages over incandescent lamps, including reduced energy consumption, longer life, smaller size and greater reliability.

In the shown embodiment, the modules are composed of support brackets and substantially non-support plate elements. However, it will be clear that many other possible designs may be used within the scope of the invention.

The power required for the first and second electric motors and for light-emitting elements can be supplied by electrical wiring and connection to the electric network. Alternatively, independent energy sources such as batteries may also be used.

Figures 2a-2b show an embodiment of a lamp in accordance with the present invention installed in a ceiling configuration for creating a laminar air flow. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow is indicated by 10. In this embodiment, the ceiling 10 for creating a laminar air flow is suspended on the operating ceiling with a plurality of cables 16 and mounts 16b (see FIG. 2b). In alternative embodiments of the invention, the ceiling 10 for creating a laminar air flow can also be integrated into the ceiling of the operating room itself. In other embodiments, a ceiling assembly for creating a laminar air flow may be arranged in a side wall of a room. Such an arrangement may be useful in other applications of the present invention.

The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow comprises a ventilation chamber 13 bounded by an upper wall 19, a lower wall 11 and four side walls 14. A laminar air flow can be installed under pressure in the operating room relative to the ventilation chamber. Many small straight vertical holes are made in the bottom wall 11, through which air can pass. Air is also sucked out of the operating room (for example, through a ventilation hole in the side wall), filtered, and rerouted to the ventilation chamber 13. A plurality of lamps 12 are installed in the ventilation chamber 12. Each of the lamps is located in a substantially cylindrical pipe 15.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical pipe extends from the upper wall to the bottom wall of the ventilation chamber and does not substantially extend into the area directly below the ceiling to create a laminar air flow and thus cannot disturb the laminar air flow in this region. A pipe 15 is installed in the upper wall using the flange 18, and a pipe 15 is installed in the lower wall 11 with the flange 17.

An advantage of the arrangement shown is that a plurality of lamps can be easily mounted relative to the ventilation chamber. You can also see that the lamps do not have supports or mechanisms that occupy a place in the ventilation chamber or interact with the flow in the ventilation chamber. However, it will be understood that while maintaining the modular design and ease of assembly for the tubular member 15, various cross-sectional shapes can be selected.

2c schematically shows an air stream that can be generated using a ceiling to create a laminar air stream, and a plurality of lamps in accordance with the present invention. The side walls of the ventilation chamber have openings that allow air to enter the ventilation chamber. Directly under the ceiling to create a laminar air flow, the air flow can still be somewhat turbulent. But at a small distance below the ceiling to create a laminar air flow, the laminar air flow itself is installed and is not further disturbed by the lighting system. FIG. 2c also shows how such a laminar airflow can keep the surgical field on the surface of the operating table 90 substantially free of bacteria, germs, etc.

FIG. 3 shows a similar lamp in a cylindrical tube 15. With its lower flange 17, it can be attached with a plurality of, for example, bolts or screws, to the element 11a of the lower wall of the ceiling ventilation chamber to create a laminar air flow. You can see that in this assembled state, the second axis of the second module (around which the third module rotates) can essentially coincide with the bottom wall 11.

A hemispherical cap 46 is connected to the wall element 11a using screws 48. In other embodiments, other shapes than hemispherical can be selected for the cap. An advantage of the hemispherical lid is, in particular, that regardless of the orientation of the third module 45, light is incident perpendicular to the lid and thus can pass through it. Another advantage is that the hemispherical cap contributes to the formation of laminar air flow. However, it will be clear that also with other forms, laminar air flow can be established, while they also allow sufficient passage of light.

Figure 4 shows a cross section of the lower wall 11 of the ceiling to create a laminar air flow containing segments 11a, 11b, 11c and 11d. The bottom wall 11 in this embodiment of the invention thus also has a modular structure. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, all the elements comprise a quarter-circle cutout so that the four elements together form a substantially circular hole in which the lamp can be mounted.

Each of the elements 11a-11d has a central region 62 and an edge region 61. In the edge region, the density of the holes for establishing the laminar air flow will be less than in the central region 62. Making a cut in the corner, thus, allows you to maintain a higher power laminar air flow . Alternatively, a cutout can be made in another part of the edge region (not in the corner). In some embodiments, lamps may even be installed in the central region of the ceiling segment.

It will also be understood that there is no need for four cutouts in the shape of a quarter circle for the joint formation of a round cutout. Depending on the location of the panels, for example, two semicircular cutouts can also be used. It will also be understood that if a different shape for the tubular member is selected, a different shape can also be selected for cutouts. In addition, it will be understood that other sizes and shapes (e.g., square) for ceiling segments can be selected.

In other embodiments, more than one lamp may be located on one ceiling segment.

A possible way to illuminate the surgical field is shown with reference to Fig.5. Shown are many lamps 20 installed on the ceiling of the operating room. Each of the lamps 20 can be individually controlled. The lamps 20 can rotate along two perpendicular axes: along the first axis 29 to set the angle φ and along the second axis 69 (not shown) to set the angle ϕ.

Using pointer 80, the surgeon or his / her team can indicate which specific area 95 of the operating table 90 should be illuminated. To this end, both ends of the pointer 80 may comprise, for example, an infrared emitter that can be detected by one or more of a plurality of video cameras that can be located along the walls and ceiling of the operating room.

If infrared emitters are detected by at least three cameras, their three-dimensional position can be precisely determined. In preferred embodiments of the invention, at least four cameras are used in such a way that even if one camera is temporarily visually blocked (for example by personnel operating in the operating room) to register one of the infrared emitters, its position can still be reliably detected. By detecting both positions of the infrared emitters, not only the position of the pointer can be determined, but also its orientation. Thus, the control system can determine which area should be illuminated and from which direction. This can eliminate the impossibility of light reaching the desired area due to shadows created by personnel or other obstacles.

Using multiple lamps, individual areas of the operating room can be conveniently lit. In some embodiments of the invention, some lamps may occupy different default positions. Thus, even with limited rotational movement, dead zones in the operating room can be eliminated. In addition, in some embodiments of the invention, different lamps may contain different light emitting elements, so that a suitable lamp can be selected for different lighting "tasks".

In preferred embodiments of the invention, the controls are integrated in the pointers, which, for example, allow you to adjust the light intensity and / or allow you to adjust the size of the illuminated area. This object can be used to control the light for a specific purpose: a higher light intensity over a small area may be necessary to illuminate the point of surgical intervention in the patient’s body than, for example, to illuminate an instrument trolley (for which, perhaps, it should be illuminated large area with lower light intensity). In other embodiments, the LEDs within the same lamp 20 can be controlled individually or in groups.

However, it will be understood that many alternative control methods can be used in combination with embodiments of the invention. In alternative embodiments of the invention, the control of the plurality of lamps may be automatic or semi-automatic: using suitable sensors, areas to be illuminated can be detected, and the lamps can be controlled accordingly.

Although this invention has been described with specific reference to the operating room, it will be understood that the lamp in accordance with the invention may find other applications. In particular, the lamp in accordance with the invention can also be preferably used, for example, in dental offices, veterinary operating rooms and sterile rooms.

Although this invention has been described in the context of some preferred embodiments and examples, those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention goes beyond the specifically described embodiments of the invention to other alternative embodiments and / or uses of the invention and its obvious modifications and equivalents . Thus, it is contemplated that the scope of the present invention described herein should not be limited to the particular options described above, but should only be determined in good faith by reading the claims that follow.

Claims (12)

1. The ceiling to create a laminar air flow for the operating room, containing
a ventilation chamber formed by an upper horizontal wall, a lower horizontal wall and side walls,
and many lamps located essentially within the specified ventilation chamber, while the lamps contain
a first module, said first lamp module comprising a first electric motor having a first output shaft with a first gear train,
a second module connected to the first module and configured to rotate relative to the first module along the first axis,
a third module comprising one or more light emitting elements connected to the second module and configured to rotate relative to the second module along the second axis,
moreover, the second axis is essentially perpendicular to the first axis,
and the specified first gear is made with the possibility of engagement with the gear on the second module,
and the second lamp module comprises a mechanism for rotating the third module relative to said second axis, said mechanism essentially not protruding beyond the edges of the second module. 2. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, in which the second axis of the plurality of lamps lie essentially in a plane coinciding with the lower horizontal wall of the ventilation chamber. 3. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, in which the first modules of the plurality of lamps are installed in the upper horizontal wall of the ventilation chamber. 4. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, in which a plurality of tubular elements are located essentially within the specified ventilation chamber, with each tubular element surrounding one of the lamps. 5. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 4, wherein said tubular elements at the first end are attached to the upper wall of the ventilation chamber, and at the second end are attached to the lower wall of the ventilation chamber. 6. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, wherein said lower wall of the ventilation chamber comprises a plurality of rectangular lower wall elements. 7. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 6, in which one or more of these lower wall segments contain a cutout adapted to install one of the lamps. 8. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 7, in which the specified cutout is located in the region of the corner of the rectangular lower wall element. 9. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of lamps comprises a substantially hemispherical lid. 10. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, wherein said first axis of the lamps is perpendicular to the upper wall. 11. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 1, wherein said second lamp module comprises a second electric motor having a second output shaft with a first joint mounted at or near its end, wherein
the first end of the first link is connected to the first end of the specified first hinge and the first end of the second link is connected to the second end of the specified first hinge,
the second end of said first link is connected to the first end of the second hinge and the second end of said second link is connected to the second end of the second hinge,
the specified second hinge is mounted on the third shaft located along the specified second axis, so that the specified third shaft is made to rotate the specified second engine. 12. The ceiling for creating a laminar air flow according to claim 9, wherein said third module comprises a plurality of LEDs.

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