RU2574469C1 - Hydraulic engineering structure for water intake from spring - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: hydraulic engineering structure for water intake from a spring comprises a reservoir 1 installed in a water bearing bed 2 with a return filter 3 and a water intake opening 4. Around the reservoir 1 there is a hydraulic insulating layer 6 of required height. On top of the reservoir 1 there is a clay lock 5. The reservoir 1 comprises labyrinth partitions 16, 18. The end section of the reservoir 1 has a section made by a plenum chamber 7 with an outlet sill 9 with a horizontal shelf 19. The plenum chamber 7 comprises a broken external wall 8 with a vertical wall 9 of the reservoir 1. The bottom central part of the broken wall 8 in the chamber 7 is made by the hole 10 and includes a seat with a valve 11 on a hinge 12. An opening lever 13 is attached to the valve 11, to which a float 14 is fixed in its turn, suspended on a retaining flexible traction rod 15. A drain pipeline 20 is equipped with a control gate valve 21. The plenum chamber 7 is removed from the reservoir 1 and is limited by labyrinth L-shaped partitions 16, 18, overlapping of walls of which reduces bottom speeds upstream the chamber 7. A water stream, passing through labyrinth partitions 16, 18, changes direction of water movement, this creates favourable conditions to balance specific flow rates along the reservoir width. As a result, water level in the chamber is stabilised, wave process of water surface disappears. Such mode of spring water supply from the water bearing bed will make it possible to ensure continuous operation of the structure in automatic mode for intake of underground spring water.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and steadiness of distribution of specific flow rates along reservoir width and reduction of bottom speeds for production of cleaner water at the inlet to the plenum chamber, simplicity and reliability of the structure.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water supply from underground sources and relates to structures for abstraction of underground spring water, as well as groundwater coming to the surface in the areas of their discharge, used for planned purposes.

In the general case, it should be noted that surface sources of water are mainly used for more than 70% and only about 30% falls on groundwater.

The selection and assessment of water sources is carried out on the basis of surveys conducted by specialized organizations in the construction area. This requires the physical-geographical, hydrological, topographic and sanitary conditions of the district as a whole and water sources in particular. These materials serve for technical and economic comparison of options for a system and water supply scheme.

Radiation intakes are a type of mine reservoirs for receiving water. Beam intake is a water intake structure from a collection tank and water intake rays of filters. High sanitary reliability of spring water, as well as ease of preparation, contribute to its widespread use for drinking water supply. Water intake facilities for receiving spring water are called capturing, and the process of collecting spring water is called capturing of springs.

The scheme for ascending springs is arranged without a bottom (as will be shown below for the analog prototype device), since the spring waters are taken directly from below. From above, such a capturing facility is closed, but communicates with the atmosphere, for example, through a ventilation pipe. In the tank (pool), water is always at a certain level. A gravity pipe is connected to the tank with a protected grid, through which water enters the tank or directly to the consumer. The capturing structure should be protected from surface water and pollution.

The scheme of the capturing structure for receiving the descending spring (as will be shown below in the proposed invention), the tank and the container are made of high-quality, for example, concrete or masonry, consists of two sections. The front section is for receiving and collecting water. Pure spring water is discharged through a pipe into a reserve tank. Excess water is transferred to the inspection section of the tank, and then, with the help of regulatory facilities, into the waste (discharge) pipe. To periodically flush the tank at the bottom, a hole should be arranged that communicates with the flush pipe. The water receiving tank from the side of the incoming spring water has a sufficient receiving hole (slot), which is covered from the outside with cobblestone, gravel of various diameters, fine gravel and sand to protect against sediment. The capture building always has a ventilation pipe and a hatch for lowering maintenance personnel to inspect the tank (chamber).

A device for collecting groundwater comprising a tank with a filter, a ceiling and a water level sensor, a pump for pumping water, a bulk tank for collecting spring water, a piping system, a spool mechanism mounted on the ceiling, installed to communicate with the atmosphere of the tank cavity and connected to a software unit associated with a level sensor and a pump (Copyright Certificate SU No. 1214860, class No. 02B 3/08 of 02/28/1986).

The disadvantage of this device is that it cannot be used on water bodies when their state changes, in particular at a high flow rate from the gap and during the period of maximum water inflow into the tank, which requires additional costs for equipping the water receiving tank and significantly increasing the size of the water receiving tank . Another disadvantage is that it is difficult to constructively and, as a result, difficult to operate. Due to the possibility of suspension of suspended particles together with water in the suction pump, pump failures inevitably occur, which does not provide sufficient reliability of the device. In addition, soil particles enter the spring water collected in the tank, not providing the required quality of spring water purity. The device violates the ecological harmony with the natural source of groundwater.

Known water intake structure for water intake from surface sources, equipped in the form of a coastal water intake, containing a water intake chamber with water intake windows, a suction chamber with first lift pumps, while the water intake structure is made in the form of a float with an air chamber in the lower part of the water intake structure and is attached to a vertical guide bearings using ring couplings (patent RU No. 2364680, class Ε02B 9/04, Ε03B 3/04 of 12/27/2008).

However, although the known analogue is relatively simple, both the intake chamber and the suction chamber are made in the form of a float and provide the ability to use different tiers of filling in front of the chamber, the structure is unacceptable for the capture of spring water in general, although individual elements, such as a float and bypass windows, are present. It does not provide high water quality due to the ingress of suspended particles into the chamber, violates the ecological harmony with the natural environment during water production.

The closest analogue (prototype) is known - a hydraulic structure for collecting underground spring water, containing a tank installed in an aquifer with a bottom filter having a filling and a water level gauge, a pump with a suction hose for pumping underground water, a container for collecting and consuming spring water, connected to the suction hose of the pump, the piping system, while it is additionally equipped with a second working tank in communication with the first tank through multilevel pipes, and a backup cut a piece of water connected to the second working tank and installed below the level of placement of the latter, and the pump suction hose is located in the second tank, equipped with means that allow free flow of groundwater into the natural reservoir, while the lowest level pipe is located below the minimum water level in the low water in the first reservoir, both working and reserve reservoirs are arranged in sequential order and equipped with a waterproofing layer of the required height located around each cut the reservoir (patent RU No. 2407862, class Ε02В 3/00 dated 12/27/2010).

However, such a hydraulic structure was proposed for a scheme of ascending springs arranged by a cylindrical-shaped drainage structure without a bottom, since the spring waters are received directly from below, where the water is sufficiently quenched by the pressure of the water entering the first reservoir. The device is not acceptable for the scheme of the capturing structure for receiving a descending spring, the height of which indicates a noticeable excitement on the water surface in the tank. In addition, it cannot control both the upper and lower levels between the tanks, which means that it reduces the efficiency and reliability of operation, while during operation it does not seem possible to precisely control the quenching of water at varying flow rates from spring water in relation to the height relative to the second working capacity and additional tank. In such devices, wave phenomena appear, i.e. automatic regulation of the pressure value is not performed. Such a structure cannot provide automatic closure of the sewage pipeline and the possibility of accumulation of spring water in the tanks. In addition, it requires additional high-altitude tanks using pumps, and therefore, the supply of electricity to the device. The next disadvantage is the large metal consumption and the complexity of the whole structure, which limits its use to the capturing structure for receiving water from a spring, which is a radiation intake.

The technical result is aimed at increasing the flow rate and regulating the consumption of spring water under-bed and groundwater in the work by maintaining a given difference between the water levels of the tank and chamber.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a hydraulic structure for receiving water from a spring containing a reservoir, a filter having a filling, a container for collecting and consuming water and a sewage pipe is provided with a waterproofing layer of the required height located around the reservoir, and the filter is made in the form of gravel of different the size of the intermediate layers, the tank is made in the form of a stilling chamber with a broken outer wall, in which a float actuator with a valve is placed, while the tank is made with retaining structures s a T-shaped labyrinth walls, wherein the bottom of the stilling chamber outlet configured threshold, equipped at the top of the horizontal shelf.

In addition, the sewage is equipped with a control valve.

In addition, in the lower part of the bottom of the tank made an outlet equipped with a discharge pipe with a valve.

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype shows that the claimed structure is environmentally friendly and when addressing these shortcomings due to the design, which allows you to perform the scheme of the capturing structure for receiving a descending spring. The tank, which is made with retaining structures in the form of L-shaped labyrinth partitions, allows you to eliminate wave phenomena at the entrance to the tank, made by the soothing chamber. Isolation of a stilling chamber with a float-operated drive from the reservoir by labyrinth partitions, installation of a horizontal shelf of the culvert hole ensure its division into sections. The process of draining spring water to the consumer will continue with the intervals between the supply to the sewage pipeline, which will allow, if necessary, to automatically maintain the water level in the stilling chamber and in the tank, the water level in the tank is flooded. In the stilling chamber, a level is set, controlled by a float, connected by a lever to the valve, and the embodiment of the control valve on the sewage pipe is in the form of an insert for setting the water level in the chamber.

A soothing chamber with an additional float actuator allows maintaining levels in the tank depending on the flow rate of water coming from the spring, and automatic opening when the chamber is triggered. When the level in the tank decreases, a float in the stilling chamber is lowered with it. When lowering the float, the opening lever, which is connected with the valve, lowers, the latter closes the outlet of the pipe into which spring water flows. If by this moment the inflow of spring water in the quench tank is equal to the flow rate of water from the chamber, then the water horizon in the tank will remain at the same level, and the labyrinth L-shaped partitions separate and increase the distance between the float and also the entrance of the spring water from the water inlet from the rest of the structure, including from the stilling chamber with a float actuator. All this increases the accuracy of regulation and the reliability of the capturing structure. Ultimately, the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic structure are improved. The required difference in the height of the spring water level in the tank and in the stilling chamber can also be supported according to the variant due to the control valve on the sewage pipe at a level that allows you to control the valve with the float and raise the level in the tank, formed when the spring water falls and flows through the outlet end of the pipe, as well as the formation of spring water levels in the parts of the structure between the labyrinth L-shaped partitions.

Thus, the equipment of a hydraulic structure for receiving water from springs, equipped as a capturing structure for receiving water from springs, where a reservoir and a still chamber with a float actuator provide the possibility of using the tier of the culvert, which increases the operational qualities of the structure, significantly reduces metal consumption and reduces the size of the entire structure, due to the automatic maintenance of the capturing structure for receiving spring water into the reservoir there are no energy costs for pumping spring water during the operation of the facility, when water is taken at established elevations in the tank and the stilling chamber (tank), wave phenomena are reduced, there is no incoming quantity of small sediments in the stilling chamber, which can be washed through a tube at the bottom of the tank, which increases reliability. The device as a whole, in comparison with the known solutions, not only allows increasing the flow rate and completeness of spring water collection, but also saves and regulates their distribution and consumption over time.

The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic structure for receiving water from a spring.

Water intake facilities for receiving spring water are called capturing, and the process of collecting spring water is called capturing of springs.

The structure for receiving water from the spring contains a water receiving tank 1. The front section is for receiving and collecting water. The water intake tank 1 from the side of the flowing spring water contains an aquifer 2 with a return filter 3 with a water intake hole 4 (slot).

The water intake hole 4 is covered from the outside with large cobble stones, and then with fine gravel and sand to protect against sediment. A clay castle 5 is made on top of the reservoir 1. Layer 6 of large cobblestone is made of the required height around the reservoir 1, which can also be a natural material that serves as high-quality masonry, and the layer height depends on the location of a particular natural source (soil, source depth, etc.) .d.) and is determined by the need for reliable protection against the destruction of the structure.

The soothing chamber (tank) 7 contains a broken outer wall 8 with a vertical wall 9 of the tank 1. The lower central part of the broken wall 8 in the chamber 7 is made by a hole 10 and includes a seat with a valve 11 on the hinge 12. An opening lever 13 is attached to the valve 11, to which in turn, the float 14 is suspended, suspended on a holding flexible rod 15. The float 14 from lateral displacement in the area of the outlet water from the opening 10 is provided with a cantilevered partition 16, the lower end of which is provided with a shelf 17. The soothing chamber 6 itself is withdrawn from p 1 and limited reservoir of T-shaped labyrinth baffles 16 and 18, which overlap the walls reduces demersal speed before the camera 7. The camera has a threshold output in the form of wall 9 with a horizontal shelf 19. The waste tube 20 is provided with a regulating valve 21.

The tank 1 has an opening 22 in the wall 9 at the bottom of the bottom, which communicates with the flushing pipe 23 with the valve 24, and has a ventilation pipe 25 on top and the camera 7 has a hatch 26 for lowering personnel to set up the float actuator and inspect the camera.

Works hydraulic structure for receiving water from the spring as follows.

Spring water enters from the aquifer 2 into the intake hole 4, then drains into the reservoir 1 and accumulates in it. Finally, the surface of the spring water calms down in the chamber 7 in front of the hole 10, which is blocked by the valve 11, and which enters the chamber 7. Thus, the incoming spring water fills the tank 1, passes through the labyrinth L-shaped partitions 16 and 18, spreads over the entire width of the tank 1 , fills it in height. Moreover, between the L-shaped partitions and the bottom of the tank 1 there are changes in the directions of movement of water, this creates favorable conditions for equalizing the unit costs between the L-shaped partitions over the entire width of the tank. Having passed the L-shaped partitions 16 and 18, the water flow enters the chamber 7, formed by the exit threshold in the form of a vertical wall 9 with a horizontal shelf 19, as a result, the water level in the chamber 7 is stabilized, therefore, the discharge spring water is stabilized in the sewage 20 with a high the degree of accuracy and speed of operation, so in the chamber 7 the wave process of the surface of the water disappears. Dynamic equilibrium sets in. In the case of raising water into the chamber 7 to a level where the lifting force of the float 14 becomes equal to or greater than the column pressure on the valve 11, the buoyancy force of the water acting on the float 14 raises the valve 11 to a larger opening, therefore, the water level in the chamber 7 is leveled, and part of the water is discharged through the sewage pipe 20 with a valve 21 for supplying spring water to the consumer. With this kind of containment of the unloading of spring water in the reservoir 1, there will be a preservation of its supply in the chamber 7 and will increase their flow rate from the aquifer 2 without the threat of flooding the reservoir 1. This mode of supply of spring water from the aquifer will ensure continuous operation of the structure in automatic mode abstraction of underground spring water.

As the operation of the structure and the need for scheduled and unscheduled cleanings of the tank 1 open the valve 24 of the washing pipe 23 and flush accumulated sediments from the bottom of the tank, while the chamber 7 itself always remains clean, ensuring high quality purity of spring water and environmental harmony with the natural environment. In addition, the abstraction of underground spring water contributes to the solution of the problem of reducing freshwater losses and, finally, will allow the organization of an environmentally sustainable system with water regulation.

When spring water enters the reservoir with the formation of labyrinth L-shaped baffles, bottom velocities decrease and the surface character of water movement is created, improving the hydraulic conditions of the still tank with a float connected to the valve for automatic level control.

Due to the mutual hydraulic connection of the float actuator, the container, the valve gate, the L-shaped partitions, the horizontal shelf at the inlet threshold, the efficiency and reliability of the structure increase, the uniformity of the distribution of unit costs over the tank width in the transition modes of spring water from the aquifer for different flow rates improves simplicity of construction for receiving water from a spring.

Claims (3)

1. A hydraulic structure for receiving water from a spring, containing a reservoir, a filter having a backfill, a reservoir for collecting and consuming water, a sewage pipeline, is equipped with a waterproofing layer of the required height located around the reservoir, and the filter is made in the form of gravel of different sizes with intermediate layers characterized in that the tank is made in the form of a stilling chamber with a broken outer wall, in which a float actuator with a valve is placed, and the tank is made with retaining structures in the form of an L-shaped x labyrinth walls, wherein the bottom of the stilling chamber outlet configured threshold, equipped at the top of the horizontal shelf. 2. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the sewage pipe is equipped with a control valve. 3. The hydraulic structure according to claim 1, characterized in that an outlet is made in the lower part of the bottom of the tank, equipped with a discharge pipe with a valve.

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