RU2574116C2 - Seeder-cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for tillage and speed planting of various crops and perennial grasses. The seeder-cultivator comprises a rotating disc (1) of spherical shape. The disc (1) is facing with the concave surface to the ground and rotated in the direction of the seeder movement by the angle A which is less than 90°. The disc (1) is inclined relative to the ground plane by the angle B equal to arctg(1-2k/D), where k is the curving depth of the sphere of the disc (1), D is an outer diameter of the disc (1).

EFFECT: constructive solution is aimed at reducing fuel consumption during tillage and seeding.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used for cultivating the soil and high-speed sowing of various products, such as cereals, legumes and oilseeds or perennial herbs.

Known seeder-cultivator "SKSS-2,5", containing spherical disks rotating on hollow shafts, mounted at an angle to the soil plane and facing it with its concave part, while in relation to the direction of movement of the seeder, the disks are set at zero angle .

That is, in a secant plane parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator and perpendicular to the plane of the soil, the front part of the discs is lowered and the rear part is raised, forming a gap of 20 mm, while the angle between the plane of rotation and the horizon of the cultivated soil is 2 ° 30 '.

This device can be used as a cultivator for tillage and as a seeder, in which the seeds pass through the axis of rotation of the discs and fall into the groove formed by the disc in the soil, and the device for planting the product into the soil is made in the form of rear packer rollers (see seeder-cultivator production group of companies "TONAR", Russia, Barnaul:

http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/fotogale/soshnik_i/soshnik_i/at_imag e / 1277 / index.htm or

http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/stati/praktiche/at_word_doc/1446/ind ex.htm or http://agro.tonar.su/index/agrotona/fotogale/osnovie_/osnovie_/at_image/1273 /index.htm).

The disadvantage of this analogue is that discs mounted at a zero angle in the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator have the same frontal resistance as the pointed arms of well-known seeders or cultivators, which leads to increased fuel consumption.

A seeder is also known (see patent RU 2293460 C9, IPC АСС 7/00; 7/20; publ. 09/10/2007; bull. No. 25/2007), containing spherical disks oriented on an angle 2 rotating on hollow shafts ° 30 'in relation to the plane of the soil and facing it with its concave part, while in relation to the direction of movement of the seeder, the disks are also set at zero degrees.

The disadvantage of this analogue, adopted as a prototype, is that the disks installed at a zero angle have a high drag, which leads to increased fuel consumption.

The invention is aimed at reducing fuel consumption both in soil cultivation and in high-speed sowing of the sown product in the soil.

To do this, in a seeder-cultivator containing a rotating disk of a spherical shape, oriented at an angle B relative to the plane of the soil, having a device for feeding the seed to be sown into the trough formed by a disk in the soil, and a device for embedding the product in the soil, according to this application, the disk is turned additional angle A relative to the direction of its movement, while angle A is in the range: greater than 0 °, but less than 90 °, and angle B is less than or equal to arctan (1-2k / D), where k is the depth of the disk sphere, a D - its outer diameter.

That is, now the axis of rotation of the disk does not lie in the secant plane parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator and perpendicular to the plane of the soil.

Unlike the prototype, the lower point of contact with the soil disc is shifted to the left or right of the direction of movement, that is, the axis of rotation of the disk is set at an angle to the cutting plane, parallel to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator and perpendicular to the plane of the soil.

This technical solution replaces the regime of dragging discs in the soil with a cutting mode by rolling discs on the soil, which significantly reduces the drag of the seeder-cultivator and allows the use of tractors of a smaller class with lower fuel consumption.

In the seeder-cultivator, the disc can be turned to the soil with a concave side, while the angles A and B are in the ranges of 80 ° ... 90 ° and 0.5 ° ... 25 ... respectively. For example, at A = 88 °, B = 7 ° and D = 660 mm, we obtain the optimal cultivation mode to a minimum depth without a turnover of the formation. Weed roots are cut to a minimum depth, and the soil itself remains in the same place.

The seeder-cultivator itself can be equipped with several disks installed in two rows in layers, while in the first row, in relation to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator, the angle A is positive, and in the second row it is negative.

That is, in the seeder-cultivator discs can be arranged in two rows, while the discs of the rear row are mounted with an offset relative to the discs of the front row and have a mirror angle of attack in relation to them. Seeding of the first row of seeds is done by disks of the second row, and behind them is a roller that sprinkles the seeds of the last row, compacts and levels the soil.

In the future, the proposed technical solution is illustrated by a specific implementation with reference to the drawings, in which:

- figure 1 shows a top view of the disk with the rotation point of the maximum depth M at an angle A relative to the direction of movement of the seeder-cultivator;

- figure 2 shows a cross section of the disk passing through the axis of rotation and the point of its maximum depth M, with the disk facing the soil with a concave side;

The seeder-cultivator (see figures 1 and 2) includes a disk 1 of a spherical shape that rotates around point O, which is located relative to the plane of the soil 2 at an angle B (see figure 2) and rotated by angle A along the rotation vector of the aircraft relative to the direction vector of the seeder-cultivator KR (see figure 1). The rotation vector of the aircraft also determines the position of the point of maximum penetration M of the disk 1 into the soil 2.

The seeder-cultivator works as follows: when it is moved, for example, by the MTZ-80 tractor, disk 1 enters into interaction with soil 2. Rotating around its axis, disk 1 immerses in it and releases the trench 3 from the soil with a width of C.

From the feed device, the sown product is sent to the chute 3, formed by the disk 1 during the movement of the seeder.

The seeded product of the first row of discs is embedded in the soil with 2 discs of the second row and a packer roller (not shown in the drawings).

Other devices for incorporating the product into the soil, for example, shorting, can also be used.

In figure 2, the size C of the groove 3 is shown wider than the disk, since in addition to the cut, the soil 2 is shifted or chipped off in the groove 3.

In contrast to the known analogues and prototype in the inventive seeder, the mode of drawing the disks in the soil is replaced by the cutting mode by rolling the disks on the soil. This significantly reduces the drag of the seeder-cultivator and allows the use of smaller tractors with lower fuel consumption.

In addition, for example, when A = 88 ° and B = 7 °, and the disks are arranged in the same row one under one, stable cultivation is achieved in the minimum layer without layer rotation when the disk is turned with its concave side to the soil surface.

With a minimum fuel consumption, the seeder-cultivator is capable of performing all operations of the spring-autumn cycle of work on sowing and tillage: to conduct direct broadband sowing of crops in untreated soil;

steam field processing; deep autumn planar tillage combined with mulching the surface with crop residues or stubble conservation.

Claims (1)

A seeder-cultivator containing a rotating disk of a spherical shape, mounted at an angle B relative to the soil plane, characterized in that relative to the direction of its movement, the disk is rotated by an additional angle A, located in the range: greater than 0 °, but less than 90 °, while the angle B is less than or equal to arctan (1-2k / D), where k is the depth of curvature of the disk sphere and D is the outer diameter of the disk.

Images