RU2573444C1 - Plant to test materials for flammability - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: plant makes it possible to test material samples for flammability as they are installed in different positions above a burner - vertical, horizontal, inclined. To ensure such a possibility, the frame with the tested sample is fixed in the holder, which is installed on a stand inside the working chamber, where a gas burner is placed. The holder is a hinged multi-link chain installed by one of their end links on the vertical stand. There is an opportunity to adjust the position of the holder along the height of the stand and around its axis. The frame for the sample is fixed on the other end link of the multi-link chain.

EFFECT: increased reliability of obtained testing results.

9 dwg

Description

            The field of technology.

The invention relates to a testing technique, which is used to carry out experimental investigations of the fire hazard in laboratory conditions of samples of building, decoration, cladding and other structures and materials that require an assessment of their combustibility in their application. Mostly, the invention is intended for use in the manufacture of panels of polymer composite materials for aircraft and other vehicles, including interior decoration panels for ceilings and walls, partitions, etc. It is known that combustibility as one of the indicators of fire hazard is considered a mandatory fire-technical characteristic of any building material and determines the area of its safe use (Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 "Technical Regulation on Fire Safety Requirements", p. 5 , articles 13).

The level of technology.

Known installation for fire tests, comprising a housing consisting of a base and racks, a gas burner mounted on one of the racks of the housing, and mounted on the housing in a vertical position, the holder of the test sample. The test is carried out under conditions of a smooth supply of the mouthpiece of the gas burner towards the sample with analysis of the test results depending on the distance from the mouthpiece of the burner to the sample (see RU 41369 U1).

The closest analogue to the claimed invention in structural embodiment is an installation for testing samples of materials for combustibility, containing a working chamber for testing, a gas burner placed inside the chamber, a frame in which the sample of the test material is fixed, and a frame holder that provides a certain position of the frame with the sample above the burner flame during the test (see JPH 09166562 A).

It is characteristic of the above analog installations that the samples during testing can be oriented relative to the burner flame in only one position (in the vertical according to RU 41369, or in the horizontal according to JPH 09166562). It should be borne in mind that in real conditions, objects, samples of which are to be tested, occupy various positions in space (for example, panels of walls, ceilings, vertical or inclined partitions). Accordingly, in case of fire, the flame of fire will affect these objects in different ways depending on their position in space, and the features of this effect must be investigated. At the same time, none of these facilities will make it possible to provide testing of samples under conditions of exposure to a flame close to real ones.

Disclosure of the invention.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an installation for testing samples of materials for flammability, in which it is possible to conduct these tests under conditions close to real ones.

The technical result that can be achieved by implementing the claimed invention consists in expanding the technological capabilities of the installation by providing testing of samples of materials in various angular positions, the universality of testing, in simplifying and safety of maintenance of the installation, in increasing the reliability and reliability of assessing the fire hazard of materials, increasing the accuracy of research and approximation of research conditions to real combustion conditions, in reducing the complexity and duration of e reported experiments by simplifying adjustment of sample position.

To achieve the technical result, it is proposed installation for testing samples of materials for combustibility, containing a working chamber for testing, a gas burner placed inside the chamber, a frame in which the sample of the test material is fixed, and a frame holder located inside the chamber and providing positioning and holding the frame with a sample above the burner flame during the test. The holder is made with the possibility of arranging the frame with the sample during testing in horizontal or vertical, or in an inclined position relative to the burner and is an articulated multi-link chain of rigid links connected in series articulated to each other, mounted (fixed) by one of its end links on a vertical rack with the possibility of adjusting its position along the height of the rack and around its axis, while the frame for the sample is mounted on the other end link of the multi-link.

A brief description of the drawings.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

in FIG. 1 shows a working chamber of the installation, front view;

in FIG. 2 - the same side view;

in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 4 is a front view of the working chamber (with the door removed), with equipment placed in it;

in FIG. 5 is a view along BB in FIG. 2;

in FIG. 6 - gas burner assembly, front view;

in FIG. 7 - node gas burner, top view:

in FIG. 8 is a view along BB in FIG. four;

in FIG. 9 - frame for fixing the sample of the test material.

The implementation of the invention.

The proposed installation comprises a frame 1 and a working chamber 2 mounted on the frame, formed by: the lower skin 3, the upper skin 4, the side skin 5 and 5a, the rear skin 6 and the opposite skin 6 of the door 7.

The door 7 is made of a frame 8 and a web 9 inserted into it, and has a handle 10. In the side skin 5a of the working chamber 2 there is an inspection hatch 11, for example of a round shape, formed by the frame 12 and the inspection window 13 mounted therein. The door 9 and the inspection window 13 are made of a transparent heat-resistant material, such as glass or plastic.

Apertures 14 are arranged in a row in each of the side sheaths 5, 5a of the working chamber 2, in a row close to the bottom sheath 3. A restriction sheet 14a is fixed along the row of holes 14, parallel to the side sheath 5, 5a and at a distance from the holes 14. In the upper casing 4, uniformly arranged openings 15 are made over its entire area. Outside, on the casing 4, a boundary sheet 15 a is mounted at a certain distance from it, covering the area of the casing 4 with openings 15.

Inside the working chamber 2 is a burner assembly. The burner assembly comprises the burner 16 itself and the carriage 17, on which the burner 16 is located. The carriage 17 is mounted on the guides 19 by means of the rollers 18 and can be moved along them. The guides 19 are mounted on the lower casing 3 of the working chamber 2 closer to the side casing 5 a. The fixation of the position of the carriage 17 on the guides 19 is provided by the brake 20.

During testing, the test sample is fixed in frame 21. Frame 21 consists of a transverse strip 22, longitudinal strips 23 and 24 mounted on the ends of the strip 22, and a removable strip 25. The strip 25 can be mounted on the transverse strip 22 (mounting 26), or, being disconnected from the node 26, - fixed on the free ends of the longitudinal strips 23 and 24 (attachment points 27 and 28). Along straps 22, 23, 24, and 25, clamps 29 are mounted that hold the test specimen during testing.

The presence of the interchangeable strap 25 makes it possible to fix the test samples in the frame 21, varying in size. A large sample will be fixed by clamps located on the strips 22, 23 and 24. In this case, the interchangeable bar 25 is transferred to the position shown in FIG. 9 dotted line. For testing with a sample of smaller dimensions, the strap 25 is translated into a position in which it is parallel to the straps 23 and 24, and is fixed in the mount 26.

The frame 21 with the test sample during the test is held inside the working chamber 2 by a holder 30 mounted on the side skin 5 by means of the supporting frame 31. The holder 30 provides the ability to install the frame 21 with the test sample of a real object in various positions corresponding to those positions that it may occupy object in real conditions: in horizontal, vertical and inclined positions.

To ensure this, the holder 30 is made in the form of an articulated multi-link, specifically a three-link, oriented in the vertical direction and consisting of two extreme links of the upper 32 and lower 33 and the intermediate link 34.

Inside the working chamber 2 there is a vertical strut 35, which is mounted on a support 36 mounted on a supporting frame 31. The strut 35 is covered by a collar 37. In the collar 37, the upper link 32 is fixed with its one end 32a, with the possibility of adjusting the position of the end of the link in the clamp in the direction perpendicular the vertical axis 38 of the rack 35. The clamp 37 is mounted on the rack 35 with the possibility of movement together with a link fixed therein along the vertical axis 38 of the rack and can be rotated around this axis and is fixed on the rack in the selected position by means of a latch 39. The other end of the upper link 32 is pivotally connected to the end of the intermediate link 34, which is pivotally connected to the end of the lower link 33 from the side of the other end. A transverse strip 22 of the frame 21 is fixed to the free end of the lower link 33.

The installation is used as follows.

For testing materials, either a section cut from the finished part in the form in which it is installed in real conditions should be used, or a sample simulating a cut section, for example, a sample cut from a flat sheet of material. The sample can be cut from anywhere in the finished part; however, products such as laminated panels should not be separated for testing. The thickness of the sample should not exceed the minimum thickness established for use in real conditions.

Samples of the test material should be maintained at a temperature of + 21 ± 3 ° C and at a relative humidity of 50 ± 5% until a moisture equilibrium is reached or within 24 hours. Each sample should remain under conditioned conditions until exposed to flame.

The U-shaped frame 21 used in the installation makes it possible to place in it either a sample with smaller dimensions when placing the interchangeable strip 25 parallel to the strips 23, 24, or a sample with large dimensions - when installing the strip 25 in the position indicated in FIG. 9 dotted line.

Before starting the tests, the gas burner assembly is placed in the working chamber 2, with the door 7 open. To do this, the rollers 18 of the carriage 17 are mounted on the guides 19, on which the gas burner is fixed 16. The burner assembly along the guides 19 is advanced into the chamber until it stops (not shown in the drawings), the position of which determines the necessary position of the burner inside the chamber relative to the test sample. The exposed position of the burner assembly on the guides 19 is fixed by the brake 20. An opening is provided in the lower casing 3 of the working chamber 2 (not shown in the drawings) through which a hose is connected to the fitting 42 for supplying gas to the burner 16.

For each test case, at least three samples should be tested and the test results averaged.

Possible test options (for example, samples of panels used in aircraft cabins).

Vertical tests.

The test sample is fixed in the frame 21 with clamps 29. The frame 21 with the sample is fixed with its transverse bar 22 at the end of the link 33 of the holder 30. The necessary vertical position of the frame 21 with the test sample directly above the nozzle of the burner 16 is ensured by the following manipulations:

- adjusting the position of the links 32, 33, 34 of the holder 30 in space by rotating the links around the hinges 40, 41 relative to each other;

- vertical movement of the frame 21 with the sample due to the displacement of the end of the link 32 relative to the rack 35;

- adjustment of the position of the frame 21 in the horizontal plane due to the rotation of the clamp 37 with the end of the link 32 fixed therein around the axis of the rack 35;

- fixing the position of the holder 30 and its constituent links in the adjusted state.

The vertical position of the specimen frame 21 above the burner is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4 (position I).

In this case, in the process of adjusting the position of the sample, certain requirements must be provided regarding the installation of the sample relative to the burner and the test conditions. So, in accordance with Aviation Rules AP-25, the test specimen for combustibility must be exposed to the flame of a Bunsen or Tyrril burner with a nozzle having a nominal internal diameter of 9.5 mm and adjusted to a flame height of 38 mm. The minimum flame temperature, measured at its center, should be 843 ° C. The bottom edge of the sample should be 19 mm above the top edge of the burner. The flame should pass along the axis of the lower edge of the sample. From the gas cylinder through the gearbox, cutter and flame length regulator (not shown in the drawings), gas is supplied to the gas burner 16 and ignited. Using the regulator, the required flame height is set depending on the conditions of the experiment. Due to the presence of holes 14 in the side skins of the working chamber and the restriction sheet 14a, a smooth flow of external air into the chamber is ensured, which prevents the occurrence of strong draft and ensures that the burner flame is kept in a calm state. The holes 15 and the restriction sheet 15a serve the same purpose, providing a quiet exit of air from the chamber. Depending on the type of sample, the exposure time of the flame during testing is set. Under the influence of the flame of a gas burner 16, the sample ignites (if it is a flammable material) or breaks down. After the set exposure time has elapsed, the gas supply to the burner stops. During the tests, the burning duration, the length of the carbonized area and the burning duration of the droplets, if any, shall be recorded.

Horizontal test.

The test sample is fixed in the frame 21 by clamps 29. The frame 21 with the sample is fixed with its transverse bar 22 at the end of the link 33 of the holder 30. At the same time, when testing, for example, panels used in aircraft cabins, the open front surface of the sample, as applied to its installation on an airplane , during testing should be turned towards the burner. The necessary horizontal position of the frame 21 with the test sample directly above the nozzle of the burner 16 is provided due to the following manipulations:

- adjusting the position of the links 32, 33, 34 of the holder 30 in space by rotating the links around the hinges 40, 41 relative to each other;

- vertical movement of the frame 21 with the sample due to the displacement of the end of the link 32 relative to the rack 35;

- adjustment of the position of the frame 21 in the horizontal plane due to the rotation of the clamp 37 with the end of the link 32 fixed therein around the axis of the rack 35;

- fixing the position of the holder 30 and its constituent links in the adjusted state.

The horizontal position of the specimen frame 21 above the burner is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4 (position II). Moreover, during the adjustment process, certain requirements must be provided regarding the installation of the sample relative to the burner and the test conditions. So, for example, in accordance with Aviation Rules AP-25, a sample during combustibility tests must be exposed to the flame of a Bunsen or Tyrril burner with a nozzle having a nominal internal diameter of 9.5 mm and adjusted to a flame height of 38 mm. The minimum flame temperature, measured at its center, should be 843 ° C. The sample should be centered on the burner at a height of 19 mm above the top edge of the burner. Depending on the type of sample, the exposure time of the flame during testing is set. After the set exposure time, the flame must be removed by stopping the gas supply to the burner. During the tests, the burning duration, the length of the carbonized area and the burning duration of the droplets, if any, shall be recorded.

Tests for installation at an angle of 45 °.

The test sample is fixed in the frame 21 by clamps 29. The frame 21 with the sample is fixed with its transverse bar 22 at the end of the link 33 of the holder 30. At the same time, when testing, for example, panels used in aircraft cabins, the open front surface of the sample, as applied to its installation on an airplane , during testing should be turned towards the burner. The necessary angular position of the frame 21 with the test sample directly above the nozzle of the burner 16 is provided due to the following manipulations:

- adjusting the position of the links 32, 33, 34 of the holder 30 in space by rotating the links around the hinges 40, 41 relative to each other;

- vertical movement of the frame 21 with the sample due to the displacement of the end of the link 32 relative to the rack 35;

- adjustment of the position of the frame 21 in the horizontal plane due to the rotation of the clamp 37 with the end of the link 32 fixed therein around the axis of the rack 35;

- fixing the position of the holder 30 and its constituent links in the adjusted state.

The angular position of the specimen frame 21 above the burner is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 4 (position III).

During the adjustment process, certain requirements must be provided regarding the installation of the sample relative to the burner and the test conditions. So, for example, in accordance with Aviation Rules AP-25, a sample during combustibility tests must be exposed to the flame of a Bunsen or Tyrril burner with a nozzle having a nominal internal diameter of 9.5 mm and adjusted to a flame height of 38 mm. The minimum flame temperature, measured at its center, should be 843 ° C. The sample should be centered on the burner at a height of 19 mm above the top edge of the burner. Depending on the type of sample, the exposure time of the flame during testing is set. After the set exposure time, the flame must be removed by stopping the gas supply to the burner. During the tests, the burning duration, the length of the carbonized area and the burning duration of the droplets, if any, shall be recorded.

Similarly, testing of the sample is ensured when it is installed at an angle of 60 °.

Claims (1)

Installation for testing samples of materials for flammability, containing
working chamber for testing,
a burner placed inside the chamber,
the frame in which the sample of the test material is fixed,
and a frame holder located inside the chamber and providing positioning and holding the frame with the sample over the flame of the burner during the test,
characterized in that
the holder is made with the possibility of arranging the frame with the sample during the tests in horizontal, vertical, or inclined positions and is an articulated multi-link chain of rigid links connected in series articulated to each other, mounted by one of its end links on the rack with the possibility of adjusting its position according to the height of the rack and around its axis, while the frame for the sample is fixed on the other end link of the multi-link.

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