RU2573376C2 - Method of grain micronisation and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: during micronisation process the grain material enters for processing at the grain temperature of 15≈25°C and humidity of 10≈15% and heated to a temperature of 170≈190°C. The initial grain is heated by heat transferred from the micronised grain and fed for micronisation at a temperature of 60≈80°C. The device comprises a housing, a loading hopper, an irradiation chamber with infrared radiators, an unloading device, a hopper for processed grain. In the lower part of the grain micronisator a hopper for the initial grain is mounted, made with an inner wall in the form of a truncated cone, in which the screw is mounted for feeding the initial grain for micronisation. The walls of the inner truncated cone are made perforated.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions enables to reduce the power consumption by supplying initial material for micronisation, heated from the micronised grains.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to feed production.

Known thermal method of processing grain using dry heat. (Chernyaev N.P. New in the production of animal feed abroad. - M .: TSNIITEI of the Ministry of the USSR, 1976 - 58 p.).

A known method of processing grain using dry heating is that grain with a moisture content of 10-15% enters the heat exchanger, where a stream of air heated to a temperature of 300-315 ° C is pumped, the grain is picked up by a stream of air and mixed. The residence time of grain in the installation does not exceed 1-2 minutes. The grain is heated to a temperature of 160-190 ° C, increases in volume and cracks. When leaving the heat exchanger, the grain is flattened. The digestibility of the nutrients of grain processed in this way of heating increases by about 10% compared with crushed, but not processed grain.

The known method of processing grain using dry heat has disadvantages. When using the known method of heating grain, a significant amount of energy and a long heating time are required.

Also known is a method of heating grain material using (IR) infrared radiation, in which the grain material is fed to the processing at a grain temperature of 15-25 ° C and a humidity of 10-15% and is heated to a temperature of 170-190 ° C. (Plotnikov VG Improving the efficiency of grain use. // Agriculture abroad. - 1970, No. 10 - p. 38-41).

The known method of heat treatment of grain significantly increases the content of dextrins in the grain, contributes to its disinfection and softening. Grain starch granules undergo deeper changes during IR processing than with other processing methods. As a result, the energy value of grain increases, and the average daily consumption of animal feed prepared from micronized grain decreases.

The known method of heating grain raw materials using (IR) infrared radiation has disadvantages.

When processing infrared radiation, the grain material enters the processing at a grain temperature of 15-25 ° C and a moisture content of 10-15%. When micronizing the grain material with the indicated temperature, it is necessary to heat the grain with IR radiation to a temperature of 170-190 ° C. In this case, a lot of thermal energy is consumed, and the process of micronization of grain occurs in 1.5-2 minutes.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to cool the heated micronized grain, which consumes additional energy and lengthens the time for processing it.

A known method of heating grain raw materials is carried out by a known device for grain micronization, comprising a housing, a loading hopper, an irradiation chamber with IR emitters, made in the form of a cavity for moving grain of two geometric shapes, the inside - in the form of a cylinder of quartz glass and an outer one, having the shape of a truncated cone with a lower diameter larger than the upper one, IR emitters located in the cavity of the inner cylinder closed with a guide cone at the top, an unloading device installed below the radiation chamber. The processed grain bin is located below the discharge device. The unloading device, made in the form of a conical metering disk and a lever fixed by a hinge and a lanyard bolt, and installed with the ability to change the gap between the geometric figures forming the irradiation chamber and its conical part using the lanyard bolt. (Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 132953, IPC A23L 1/025, filed March 18, 2013, published October 10, 2013).

A device for micronization of grain works as follows. Grain preliminarily purified from impurities and dust is poured into the receiving hopper, having an ambient temperature. Grain under its own weight is poured into the cavity between the inner and outer cylinders to the discharge disk, the discharge openings of which are closed. After filling the cavities, the IR emitter unit is turned on and, when the required exposure is reached, depending on the type of grain being treated, the electric drive of the unloading disks is turned on, having previously opened the unloading openings by the amount of required productivity. The processed grain is poured through the discharge openings into the receiving hopper. After emptying the hopper and the cavity between the cylinders, the electric drive and IR emitters are turned off.

The disadvantages of the known device for micronization of grain is that micronized grain after micronization has a high temperature. To cool micronized grain to ambient temperature, an additional device is needed. The initial grain before micronization has an ambient temperature. This increases the energy consumption for heating the grain to a temperature of 170-190 ° C, at which micronization occurs.

The objective of the method for micronization of grain material and a device for its implementation is to reduce energy costs for micronization of grain while reducing the time for processing it.

The technical result consists in the fact that the initial grain is heated to a temperature of 60-80 ° C before micronization due to the heat transferred from the already micronized (heated) grain.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of heating grain raw materials using (IR) infrared radiation, in which the grain material is processed at a grain temperature of 15-25 ° C and a humidity of 10-15%, is heated to a temperature of 170-190 ° C, and the initial grain is heated due to the heat transferred from the micronized grain and fed to micronization with a temperature of 60-80 ° C.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that the device for micronization of grain, comprising a housing, a loading hopper, an irradiation chamber with IR emitters, made in the form of a cavity for moving grain of two geometric shapes, the inner one in the form of a cylinder made of quartz glass and an outer one having the shape of a truncated cone with a lower diameter larger than the upper one, while IR emitters are placed in the cavity of the inner cylinder closed by the guide cone from above, and the discharge device mounted below the chamber is irradiated oia, a hopper for processed grain, located below the unloading device, the unloading device is made in the form of a conical metering disk and a lever fixed by a hinge and a turnbuckle bolt, and is installed with the possibility of changing the gap between the geometric figures forming the irradiation chamber and its conical part using lanyard bolts, and under the unloading device there is a perforated receiving hopper, next to which there is a hopper for the initial grain, designed to supply the raw material heated to 60-80 ° С to the loading the micronizer hopper, the feed grain hopper having a common side with the receiving hopper, connected to the feed hopper, and a screw is installed in its lower part.

Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed method of micronization of grain and a device for its implementation meets the criterion of "novelty", as it has significant differences.

1. The original grain is heated by heat transferred from micronized (heated) grain.

2. The original grain is fed to micronization with a temperature of 60-80 ° C.

3. At the bottom of the micronizer mounted hopper for the source grain.

4. The hopper for the source grain is made with an inner wall in the form of a truncated cone.

5. At the bottom of the hopper for the source grain is installed auger.

6. The hopper for micronized grain is made of geometric shapes (external and internal) and is made in the form of composite truncated cones.

7. The hopper for micronized grain is installed inside the hopper for the source grain under the metering disk.

8. The walls of the inner truncated cone are perforated.

To reduce energy consumption and reduce the micronization time, the initial grain fed to micronization is heated to a temperature of 60-80 ° C due to the already micronized grain having a temperature of 170-190 ° C.

In order to cool micronized grain, a bin for the initial grain is installed in the lower part of the micronizer, the heat of the micronized grain is transferred to the initial grain.

For the purpose of better heat transfer from micronized grain to the initial hopper for the initial grain, it is made with an inner wall in the form of a truncated cone, and the outer wall of the hopper for micronized grain is also made in the form of a truncated cone from a material with high thermal conductivity. During operation of the micronizer, the heat of micronized grain is transferred through the walls of the hopper to the original grain. In this case, the temperature of the micronized grain decreases, and the initial grain increases.

To transport the heated source grain, we install a screw in the lower part of the hopper. The installed auger moves the source grain into the micronizer. Thus, already heated grain enters the micronizer due to the heat from the micronized grain. In this case, less energy is spent on micronization of the initial heated grain.

With the aim of better heat transfer from micronized grain to the original hopper for micronized grain is made in the form of components of the outer and inner truncated cones.

To transfer heat from micronized grain to the initial grain, not only by the conductive, but also by the convective method, the walls of the inner truncated cone are perforated.

The claimed invention is illustrated by drawing material.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a device for micronizing grain;

in FIG. 2 - hopper for micronized grain; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 2.

The device for micronization of grain, consists of a loading hopper 1, a loading hopper of a micronizer 2, an irradiation chamber 3 with IR emitters 4. The irradiation chamber 3 is made in the form of geometric figures forming an irradiation chamber, the inner 5 - in the form of a quartz glass cylinder and an outer 6 having the shape of a truncated cone with a lower diameter larger than the upper. The inner cylinder 5 and the outer truncated cone 6 form a cavity 7 between them, along which the grain moves during the operation of the micronizer. IR emitters 4 are placed in the irradiation chamber 3 of the inner cylinder 5, closed on top of the guide cone 8. IR emitters 4 are installed at a distance increasing from the center of the cylinder 5 and to its ends. The unloading device is made in the form of a conical metering disk 9, a lever 10 fixed by a hinge 11 and a bolt with a lanyard 12. The metering disk 9 is made in the form of a conical disk and is located below the inner cylinder 5 and the outer cylinder 6. The metering disk 9 is installed with the possibility of changing its position, that is, with the ability to change the gap between two geometric shapes, the inner 5 - in the form of a cylinder of quartz glass and outer 6, having the shape of a truncated cone, made with a lower diameter larger than the upper one. The gap is changed by a bolt - lanyard 12. In the lower part of the housing 1, under the unloading device, a finished product bin 13 is installed. The finished product bin is perforated. Nearby is a hopper 14 for the source grain, which also has a common side with the hopper 13. To feed the source grain into the hopper 2 in the lower part of the device for micronization of grain installed screw 15.

A device for micronization of grain works as follows.

Grain for micronization having an ambient temperature previously purified from impurities and dust is poured into the loading hopper 1. From the hopper 1, the grain is transferred to the hopper 14, where the grain is heated to a temperature of 60-80 ° C, then with the help of a screw 15 into the loading hopper 2 and, under its own weight, is poured into the cavity 7, between two geometric figures, the inner 5 - in the form of a cylinder made of quartz glass, and the outer 6, having the shape of a truncated cone with a lower diameter larger than the upper one, to the discharge devices, and made in the form of a metering disk 9. After filling the cavity 7, the IR emitters 4 are turned on and upon reaching the required exposure, depending from type melted grain, the position of the conical metering disk 9 is changed with a bolt of lanyard 12. The micronized heated grain through the gap between two geometric figures, the inner 5 - in the form of a cylinder of quartz glass and outer 6, having the shape of a truncated cone with a lower diameter larger than the upper one, and a conical disk -doser 9 moves to the receiving hopper 13. From the hopper 13, the micronized heated grain (170-190 ° C) is moved to the cavity for storing grain (containers for storing micronized grain are not shown). In this case, heat from micronized grain is transferred through the perforated walls of the hopper 13 to the source grain, which comes from the hopper 1 to the hopper 14. From the hopper 14, the heated source grain is transferred by the screw 15 to the hopper 2 of the grain micronizer. Thus, the heated source grain enters the micronizer for micronization.

When using the proposed method of micronization and a device for its implementation, energy costs are reduced by supplying the starting material to micronization with a temperature of 60-80 ° C, heated from previously micronized grain, while reducing the time for micronization.

Claims (2)

1. The method of micronization of grain raw materials using infrared (IR) irradiation, in which the grain material is processed at a grain temperature of 15-25 ° C and a humidity of 10-15% and is heated to a temperature of 170-190 ° C, characterized in that the original the grain is heated by heat transferred from micronized grain, and fed to micronization with a temperature of 60-80 ° C. 2. A device for micronization of grain, comprising a housing, a loading hopper, an irradiation chamber with IR emitters, made in the form of a cavity for moving the grain of two geometric shapes, the inner one in the form of a cylinder made of quartz glass and an outer truncated cone with the lower diameter is larger than the upper one, while the IR emitters are placed in the cavity of the inner cylinder closed above with the guide cone, and the unloading device is made in the form of a conical metering disk and a lever mounted by a hinge rum and a turnbuckle bolt, and mounted below the irradiation chamber with the possibility of changing the gap between the geometric figures forming the irradiation chamber, and its conical part with the help of a turnbuckle bolt, characterized in that under the unloading device there is a perforated receiving hopper for the initial grain, designed to supply heated up to 60-80 ° С of the feedstock into the feed hopper of the micronizer, and the feed hopper of the initial grain has a common side with the feed hopper, communicated with the feed hopper, and a screw is installed in its lower part.

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