RU2571584C2 - Method of transmission of telemetric information, adapted to different situations, arising during tests of rocket and space equipment, and system for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to telemetry. The following method capabilities are implemented: 1) compressed representation of telemetering results in a group signal; 2) substitution of non-substantial information to excessive symbols of noise-resistant codes; 3) variation of frequencies of polling of information-meaningful telemetering parameters and capacity of telemetering results representation; 4) substitution of existing sync signals for component noise-like code structures of double purpose.

EFFECT: implementation of principles of telemetering systems adaptation, expressed in provision of monitoring capabilities according to produced information of abnormal situations, requiring increased noise immunity of synchronisation system, changing data capacity, structures of messages in a group signal, frequency of parameter polling under conditions of the following restrictions: at accuracy characteristics of measurement results, at spectral-energy indices of communication channels, time of measurement information acceptance and transmission under conditions of various noises.

5 cl, 20 dwg

Description

The invention relates to telemetry, communication technology and can be used to expand the capabilities of information-measuring support for testing complex technical complexes and systems based on adaptive principles of television measurements and improve the efficiency of data transmission systems via digital communication channels.

A feature of the existing methods for transmitting telemetric information (TMI) is that the modes of operation of the telemetry systems are determined by the pre-prepared Telemetry Program, which does not provide for the possibility of an emergency situation and changes in the previously adopted mode of TMI formation. At the same time, contingencies cannot be objectively excluded, which is primarily due to a significant increase in the complexity of the tested rocket and space technology (RCT), as well as the goals and objectives of flight tests.

The well-known "Method of transmitting TMI, adapted to the uneven flow of telemetry data, and a system for its implementation" ([1], Patent RU No. 2480838 C1, publ. 04/25/2013, bull. No. 21 - 16 S.). It lies in the fact that on the transmitting side using sensors form a lot of telemetry parameters (TMP),which change over time with permissible errors established for both individual TMPs and their preformed groups, it coincides with the corresponding controlled physical processes; primary telemetric signals are generated for each of them with pre-calculated dynamic ranges that are found by analog-to-digital conversion of the generated primary signals, performed with a calculated sampling period and with a given quantization step, code words-measurements of a certain bit depth are combined into telemetric frames, the beginning of which is given by clock signals having a code representation structure different from similar indicators of measurement words, and determining the beginning and established sequence of telemetry data of various sensors, transmit telemetry frames successive over the communication channel to the receiving side and receiving received on the receiving side the sequence of telemetric frames and the sync words and code words-measurements contained in them, produce the formation on the receiving side of the reconstructed the sequence of samples of the primary signal by converting the received clock signals and the sequence of measurement code words such that the value of each reconstructed sample of the primary signal is equal to the value of the corresponding received codeword.

It differs from the known analogues in that two groups of telemetered parameters are formed on the transmitting side, the first of them, called information-significant, made up of sensor telemetry data, the functioning of which is not connected with detachable rocket design elements, and the second is data, functioning which ceases when the structural elements of the rocket are separated, when the structural elements of the rocket are separated along with the telemetry sensors, in the formed telemetric frames in places and, previously occupied with measurements of separated sensors, substitute redundant verification symbols that turn simple measurement codes of the remaining information-significant telemetry parameters into noise-resistant, capable of detecting and correcting data transmission errors, while the number of verification symbols is equal to the number of symbols of measurement words belonging to the second a group of telemetry parameters that were excluded from transmission during the separation of telemetry elements of rocket structures, as a result why the length of the telemetric frames remains constant, when receiving TMI, the moments of change in the polarity of the clock processing results are determined, which are associated with the time points of change of the previously calculated data generation and transmission modes, the time moments identified by the received TMI are used to select the algorithm for detecting transmission errors and correcting them , which corresponds to the current mode of formation and transmission of data installed on board the rocket.

The prototype method [1] includes an information transfer system, adapted to the irregularity of the telemetry data stream, containing on the transmitting side N blocks for the formation of the main (information-significant) telemetry parameters and M_i blocks for the formation of additional telemetry parameters related to i = 1, 2, ..., S  detachable telemetry elements of the rocket, respectively, the outputs of each of the blocks for the formation of the main telemetry parameters are connected to the first group of N inputs of the switch directly, and M_i the outputs of the blocks for the formation of additional telemetry parameters are connected to another group of inputs of the switch, consisting of M_i of inputs, an additional input of the switch is connected to the output of the clock generation unit, and its output is connected to the input of the transmitter containing a receiver on the receiving side, the output of which is connected to the input of the transmission channel decommutator, (N + M_i) whose outputs are connected to the system output through the decoding unit. In addition, on the transmitting side, the first control unit, a switching unit for generating the telemetry data generation mode, a test symbol generation unit, and on the receiving side a second control unit, a decoding unit with (N + M_i) the inputs and outputs is divided into two decoders with the number of inputs and outputs equal to N and M_i accordingly, a switching mode identification unit, an error detection and correction unit, while M_i the outputs of the blocks for the formation of additional telemetry parameters are connected to the corresponding M_i the inputs of the second group of inputs of the switch through the switching unit of the mode for generating data of telemetry, N additional inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the unit for generating test characters, N inputs of which are combined with the outputs of the respective units for generating the main telemetry parameters, and the control (N + 1) input is combined with the control input of the switching unit of the formation mode of the telemetry data and is connected to the first output of the first control unit having a control input of the job switching modes, the second output of which is connected through the block for generating clock signals to the auxiliary input of the switch, the output of which through the transmitter and the communication channel is connected to the input of the receiver, the output of which is connected to the input of the channel decompressor having a control input, the first N outputs of which are connected through the first decoder with the corresponding inputs of the error detection and correction unit, the second M_ithe inputs of which are connected through the second decoder to the corresponding outputs of the transmission channel decommutator, the additional output of which is connected through the switching mode identification unit and the second control unit with the control input of the error detection and correction unit, the second input of the second control unit is the input of the switching mode setting, the second output of the identification unit switching modes connected to the combined control inputs of the first and second decoders, M_i the outputs of the last and N outputs of the error detection and correction unit are system outputs.

As a result of the application of this method, by filling in the places in the telemetric frame that are freed up as a result of separation of the telemetry elements of the rocket structure, for example, its stages, the throughput of the radio transmission channels of the TMI is more rationally used, which, as a result, leads to an increase in the reliability of the information-significant TMP.

Its fundamental novelty lies in the opportunity to implement the adaptive principles of telemetry in a cyclic structure of the formation and transmission of telemetry frames through the use of internal reserves. Some specific features of the transmitted messages, which are manifested in the form of uneven volumes of the content TMI transmitted at different time intervals during the flight test of controlled objects, are considered as internal reserves for increasing the efficiency of transmitting telemetry data.

The disadvantages of the method are as follows: 1) adaptation is carried out only to the uneven flow of HMI, while there are also other additional reserves to achieve the goal, which is to increase the effectiveness of information and telemetry support (ITO) testing of aircraft (LA); 2) the possibility of increasing the information load of the transmitted TMI is supposed to be ensured only by replacing “idle” words (words represented by “0” characters) by verification symbols of generated error-correcting codes, which are used to increase the reliability of receiving telemetry sensors that continue to function after telemetry is separated rocket design elements.

In the new method, it is proposed to eliminate the noted shortcomings by providing the possibility of adapting the on-board information and telemetry systems (BITS) to the errors that appear due to the inconsistency of the a priori chosen frequencies of the TMP survey with the real dynamics of its change that appeared during the flight test of the controlled object. In this case, two main methods of forming digital group telemetry signals (CGTS) are considered: with variable and constant structures of telemetric frames. In the case of a variable structure of telemetric frames, the need for which appears with an increase in the frequency of polling TMP, use the packet structure of the formation of telemetric frames, which must include the address part, which allows receiving to understand the belonging of the packet data to one or another TMP. This method of forming a telemetric frame was implemented in the Russian BITS “Pyrite-B” ([2], “Modern Telemetry in Theory and Practice / Training Course”, St. Petersburg: Nauka i Tekhnika, 2007. - 672 p., P. 465) . Its disadvantage lies in the fact that the address part in terms of the volume of its data becomes comparable with the information data packet. For example, in BITS “Pyrite-B” it is 49% and only 51% falls on the telemetry data. Therefore, such systems, first of all, can be used only in the absence of strict time limits on the transmission time of TMI. This condition is fulfilled when transmitting TMI from spacecraft (SC) - there are small amounts of transmitted information in comparison with rocket telemetry and a long time during which TMI can be transmitted (including many times). In rocket telemetry, there is no other, more preferable, alternative to the currently used cyclic structure for forming a telemetry frame, since the volume of service information is the smallest (in the best telemetry complexes it is 1.7%, while 98.3% of the messages are informational) . In the domestic BITS "Orbit-IVMO", which is considered one of the best domestic developments, the volume of official information is 5% ([2], p. 460).

A method is proposed whereby increasing the accuracy and reliability of the estimates of the parametric identification of dynamic systems, which, by definition, are tested aircraft, is ensured by operational monitoring of the compliance process of controlled physical processes and the results of their telemetry in the form of TMP. The need for monitoring is due to the fact that the dynamic features of changes in controlled TMP, which should be taken into account when choosing the sampling frequencies of controlled physical processes, are determined before testing aircraft. In turn, they can be taken into account only on the basis of previous experience gained in conducting similar flight tests. The consequence of this is a large methodological error in choosing the frequencies of TMP polling. To eliminate this drawback earlier (during the USSR), design tests of RCT products were even envisaged, which were intended, inter alia, to eliminate errors in the choice of TMP polling frequencies. They were not considered by the State Commissions as confirmation of the fulfillment of the given tactical and technical requirements (TTT). In the new economic conditions, all missile launches, including emergency ones, should work to confirm the performance of the TTT presented to the tested product. Because of this, technical solutions that would allow one to control the choice of TMP polling frequencies and the bit depth of the presentation of measurement words during the flight test of a controlled object become especially relevant.

Thus, there are methodological errors in the selection of the sampling frequencies of controlled physical processes, which in some cases become unacceptably large, which, for example, occurs during the initial period of testing dynamic systems, when the required statistics are not available.

A known monitoring method, which is based on the data of measurement sensors ([3], Patent RU No. 2369866, IPC G01 N 33/00, 2010), allows for a comprehensive assessment of the environment of the region and its changes according to the results of various types of monitoring. The specified method includes preliminary (before the start of measurements) filling in the database of the knowledge base (local knowledge bases) with initial data on the values of the boundaries of the intervals of admissible values of state parameters for assessing compliance with the norms and rules for the formation of values of compliance indicators (non-compliance), taking measurements by remote and contact methods, collection of data on the values of state parameters, their processing and assessment of the dynamics of changes in the characteristics of the observed objects, the formation of each COROLLARY control and simultaneous presentation in the center of the processing and management of the combined protocol the results of complex environmental monitoring in the region.

Its disadvantage lies in the fact that it is complex and cannot be used to control telemetry modes on board controlled aircraft.

The noted drawbacks are eliminated due to the fact that on the transmitting side a set of telemetry parameters (TMP) specified by the Telemetry Program (PTI) is formed using sensors,which change over time with permissible errors established for both individual TMPs and their preformed groups, it coincides with the corresponding controlled physical processes, primary telemetric signals are generated for each of them with pre-calculated dynamic ranges, and they are found by analog-to-digital conversion of the generated primary signals, performed with a calculated sampling period and with a given quantization step, code words are combined into telemetric frames, determining the beginning and the established sequence of telemetry data of various sensors, transmit telemetry frames following each other via a communication channel to the receiving side and receive on the receiving side the received sequence of telemetric frames and the code words contained in them, while the previously usedbasic concepts and operationsas well asintroduced new concepts and operations.

So, the previously used operation in the form of: “forming on the receiving side of the restored sequence of samples of the primary signal by converting the received sequence of code words such that the value of each restored sample of the primary signal is equal to the value of the corresponding received code word”, is replaced by: “forming on the receiving side of the restored the sequence of samples of the primary signal by such a conversion of the received sequence of code words that under x of various origins, a minimum of the following differences is ensured: 1) between the values of each reconstructed sample of the primary signal and the received codeword, which would correspond to the transmitted codeword by the minimum code distance under the conditions of interference introduced during transmission over the communication channel; 2) between the controlled physical process at the output of the sensor and its image obtained during reception, which differs from the true one, taken as a reference, due to errors due to the choice of the sampling frequency of the controlled physical process and the bit grid for the representation of telemetry data. ”

In addition, “on the transmitting side, three groups of telemetered parameters are formed ( there were two previously ), while the first two of them, called information-significant, are made up of telemetry data from sensors whose functioning is not connected with detachable rocket structural elements, and the third represents data whose functioning ceases when the structural elements of the rocket are separated, when the structural elements of the rocket are separated together with telemetry sensors, in the formed telemetric frames to places previously animated by measurements of separated sensors, in a predetermined order when forming a telemetric frame, substitute binary characters belonging to information-significant parameters, in accordance with the following priority: if the monitoring frequency of the TMP is increased, then the substituted word characters represent additional values of the same TMP that appear when the polling frequency increases, but if the TMP polling frequency remains the same, then redundant check characters are introduced that turn simple measurement codes of the remaining information-significant telemetry parameters to noise-resistant, capable of detecting and correcting data transmission errors, while the number of test symbols is equal to the number of measurement word symbols belonging to the third group of telemetry parameters that were excluded from transmission during separation of the telemetry elements of rocket structures as a result of which the length of the telemetric frames remains constant, when receiving TMI determine the moments of change in the structure of of the polarity and the polarity of the results of the processing of clock signals that are associated with the time points of a change in the pre-calculated data generation and transmission modes, the time moments identified by the data received by the TMI are used to select the following algorithms: 1) attach the transmitted data by replacing the “idle” words as additional values TMP, which appeared as a result of increasing the frequency of its survey; 2) detection of transmission errors and their correction, which corresponds to the current mode of data generation and transmission, installed on board the rocket. "

A new operation is also introduced: “during the flight tests of the controlled object, they monitor the correctness of the choice of the polling frequency and the bit depth of the representation of the telemetry values in the on-board information and telemetry system (BITS) in real time based on the reliability indicators of the a priori choice of the TMP polling frequencies, which are made on the basis of determining the current level of correspondence between controlled physical processes and primary bodies formed as a result of their discretization in time metric signals displaying the telemetry parameter (TMP), in the form of an estimate of the variance of random noise present in the telemetry, for each of the controlled TMP, according to the monitoring results, they decide either to increase the frequency of its polling, or to lower it to previously accepted frequencies (time intervals poll) depending on whether the determined estimates of the current variance exceed the values established for each of the TMP or not. ”

The basis of the proposed monitoring is a mathematical model of controlled TMP, in the general case of non-stationary, which is described by a difference stochastic equation of the following form:

(one)

,

- переходные матрицы состояний вектора

и формирующего шума

,

- номер (индекс) временного отсчета.Where

,

- transition state vector matrices

and shaping noise

,

- number (index) of the time reference.

на момент времени, обозначенный номером (индексом)

, представлен следующими компонентами: In this case, the vector

at the time indicated by the number (index)

represented by the following components:

(2)

- оценка среднего значения контролируемого параметра;

- скорость изменения оценки среднего, представляющая собой производную

по времени.Where

- assessment of the average value of the controlled parameter;

- the rate of change of the average estimate, which is a derivative

by time.

и

имеют вид:In addition, the accompanying forms of transition matrices

and

have the form:

(3)

- есть интервал между двумя последовательными временными отсчетами измерений значений контролируемого параметра.Where

- there is an interval between two consecutive time samples of measurements of the values of the controlled parameter.

The algorithm for identifying the dispersion of random noise in the measurement results is defined as the sequential execution of the following calculation operations:

1) carry out prediction of the value of the controlled parameter and variances of estimation errors:

(four)

(5)

прогнозируемой оценки от измеренного значения и оценки максимальной дисперсии

случайных отклонений2) find deviations

predicted estimate of measured value and maximum variance estimate

random deviations

(6)

(7)

- минимальная дисперсия формирующего шума,

,

- весовые коэффициенты рекурсивного фильтра скользящего среднего;Where

- minimum dispersion of the forming noise,

,

- weighting factors of the recursive moving average filter;

и его дисперсии

:3) calculate the current estimate of the slowly changing systematic bias

and its dispersion

:

(8)

(9)

,

- весовые коэффициенты рекурсивного фильтра скользящего среднего;Where

,

- weighting factors of the recursive moving average filter;

:4) determine the current estimate of the variance of the forming noise

:

(10)

5) carry out forecasting of the adjusted variances of estimation errors:

(eleven)

6) calculate the gains:

(12)

7) calculate the current estimates of the controlled parameter:

(13)

8) calculate the estimation of the variance of the random noise present in the measurement results due to inaccurate choice of the sampling frequency of the monitored parameter:

(fourteen)

(fifteen)

,

- весовые коэффициенты рекурсивного фильтра скользящего среднего.Where

,

are the weights of the recursive moving average filter.

In General, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that on the transmitting side using sensors form a lot of telemetry parameters (TMP),which change over time with permissible errors established for both individual TMPs and their preformed groups, it coincides with the corresponding controlled physical processes; primary telemetric signals are generated for each of them with pre-calculated dynamic ranges that are found by analog-to-digital conversion of the generated primary signals, performed with a calculated sampling period and with a given quantization step, code words-measurements of a certain bit depth are combined into telemetric frames, the beginning of which is set by clock signals having a code representation structure that differs from similar indicators of measurement words, and determining the beginning and established sequence of telemetry data of various sensors, transmit telemetry frames successive over the communication channel to the receiving side and receiving received on the receiving side the sequence of telemetric frames and the sync words and code words-measurements contained in them, produce the recovery on the receiving side hydrochloric primary signal sample sequence taken through such conversion timing and sequence codewords measurements, that the value of each reconstructed primary signal sample is equal to the value corresponding to the received codeword. From the prototype [1] the proposed methodis differentthe fact that on the transmitting side they monitor the correctness of the choice of the polling frequency and the bitness of the representation of the telemetry values in the on-board information and telemetry system in real time based on the reliability indicators of the a priori choice of the polling frequencies of the telemetry parameters, which is made on the basis of determining the current level of correspondence between controlled physical processes and formed as a result of their discretization in time by primary telemetric signals, selected the telemetry parameter, in the form of an estimate of the dispersion of random interference present in the telemetry, for each of the telemetry parameters being monitored, according to the monitoring results, they decide either to increase the frequency of its polling or to lower it to previously accepted frequencies (polling time intervals), depending on whether the determined estimates of the current dispersion exceed the threshold values established for each of the telemetered parameters or not, three groups of telemetered parameters are formed, when volume, the first two of them, called information-significant, are composed of telemetry data of sensors whose functioning is not connected with detachable rocket structural elements, and the third one represents data whose functioning ceases when the rocket structural elements are separated together with the telemetry sensors installed on them, in telemetric frames to the places previously occupied by measurements of separated sensors, in a pre-set order for the formation of the telemetric frame t binary characters belonging to information-significant parameters, in accordance with the following priority: if the monitoring frequency of the TMP is increased as a result of monitoring, the substituted word characters represent additional values of the same TMP that appear when the polling frequency increases, if the TMP polling frequency remains the same then redundant check symbols are introduced, turning simple measurement codes of the remaining information-significant telemetry parameters into noise-resistant, capable of detecting remove and correct data transmission errors, while the number of test symbols is equal to the number of measurement word symbols belonging to the third group of telemetry parameters that were excluded from transmission during separation of the telemetry elements of rocket structures, as a result of which the length of telemetric frames remains constant when receiving telemetric information determines the moments of change in the structure of the representation of the clock signals and the polarities of the results of their processing, which are associated with the time moments of the change I pre-calculated modes of generating and transmitting data, identified according to the data received by the TMI, the time points are used to select the following algorithms: attach the transmitted data as a result of replacing the "idle" words as additional TMP values that appeared as a result of increasing the frequency of its polling; for detecting transmission errors and correcting them, which corresponds to the current mode of generating and transmitting data installed on board the rocket, a restored sequence of samples of the primary signal is formed on the receiving side by such a conversion of the received sequence of code words that under conditions of interference of various origins a minimum of the following differences is ensured: between the values of each reconstructed sample of the primary signal, as well as the received codeword, which would correspond the transmitted codeword to the minimum code distance in the conditions of interference introduced during transmission over the communication channel; between a controlled physical process at the output of the sensor and its image obtained during reception, which differs from the true one, taken as a reference, due to errors due to the choice of the sampling frequency of the controlled physical process and the bit grid for the representation of television measurements.

An additional refined formulation of the proposed method consists in the fact that frames (cycles) of transmitted telemetric information are formed on the transmitting side, the sequence of which is a group signal, each frame contains m binary symbols, the beginning of each frame determines a clock signal consisting of kn bits , followed by v = m - kn information symbols, the frame is divided in accordance with the bit representation of telemetry results on integer code words, sync the signal is endowed with properties that allow it to be distinguished from other messages and measurement words on the receiving side under the conditions of permissible interference for the required time, on the receiving side, the known sign of the synchronizing word is identified against the background of noise distorting the transmitted code symbols and used to establish such a sequence of information messages and measurement words that was received on the transmitting side. The proposed method differs from the known technical solutions in that on the transmitting side, the synchronizing signal is endowed with an expanded set of distinctive features, for which it is formed not from one complex pseudorandom sequence (PSP), which is a single code structure (CC), but from several composite code structures (QC _i ), the minimum number of which is three (i = 1, 2, 3), on the receiving side, in order to extract synchronization words, the digital group signal is subjected to parallel processing, while m in the first channel, a symbolic cross-correlation function is determined for successively incoming symbols of the digital group signal with respect to the symbols of an identical copy of the sync word stored in the memory block on the receiving side, the values of the obtained cross-correlation function are compared with the set threshold levels, according to the results of comparison on the set of received symbols greater than or equal to 3 m symbols of the binary code, mark the location of the candidates for clock signals, the allocated code sequences and candidates for clock signals are divided into components (CC _i ) and each of them is identified, and the result of their identification is determined on the basis of the first sign - a majority rule for most decisions on the correspondence of the components of CC _{i to} their copies stored in the memory of the receiving side determine repetition intervals on a plurality of symbols equal to or greater than 3 m, the constancy of their use as a second feature identification clock obtained identification results composite ca Tay is used to confirm the identification of the fact of the clock as a whole and improve its noise immunity.

Also, the proposed method is characterized in that the synchroslov and its components transmitted in the group signal are used not only for the main, but also for an additional purpose, for which, on the transmitting side, the symbols of the binary sync words are replaced by inverse (opposite) when an event occurs, the message about which it is necessary to transmit to the receiving side under conditions of limitations or inability to use other methods of transmitting similar information, the resulting sync words presented in the group signal In direct and inverse form, they are combined into a single stream of synchronizing messages and transmitted via a communication channel, on the receiving side, they search for synchronization signals displayed not only as a whole indivisible code structure, but also in the form of its components, presented not only in direct, but also in the inverse form, the time moments associated with the inversion of the sync word bits are distinguished, and they are identified as the occurrence of the expected (foreseen) event, for which parallel identifiers of sync words and e about the components that carry out their recognition in direct and inverse form against the background of other received data, respectively, after the facts of inversions are established, the signs of identifying sync words and its components of different polarities are combined into a single synchronizing sequence, which is used for its main purpose - to decommute telemetry parameters .

To expand the information component of the clock signals, additional messages about the change in the polling frequency of the telemetered parameter are transmitted by a shift of characters that is invariant with respect to the determined cross-correlation function in the code combination of the pseudorandom sequence used in constructing the clock signal, as a whole, and its individual components, with a certain the code combination resulting from the shift of binary characters is identified with the number of the telemetered param tra, whose polling frequency is changed.

The technical effect of providing enhanced capabilities for adaptation (adaptation) of BITS to the changing conditions of flight tests of the RCT is provided by:

- increase (decrease) in the frequency of interrogation of telemetry parameters (TMP);

- Changes in the way telemetry data is presented;

- increase (decrease) in the number of bits of the representation of TMP values;

- changes in the dynamic range of representation of codeword values X _j .

Dynamic rangeD _j = 2 ²ⁿ codeword valuesX _jtransmitted over the communication channel in accordance with traditional methods of digital transmission of information coincides with the dynamic rangeD _pj = 2 ²ⁿ primary signal values. The amount of information per one digital signal sample transmitted over the communication channel in this case isI _pj = log ₂ (D _pj ) = 2nbit. Maximum valueε _Max quantization errors of digitally transmitted samples transmitted over the communication channel equal to the quantization stepε _Max = d = U _w0 / 2 ²ⁿ. In this case, the maximum valueδ _Max = ε _Max / U _w0 = 1/2 ²ⁿ relative quantization error during restoration on the receiving side of the primary signal is inversely proportional to the dynamic rangeD _P = 2 ²ⁿ values of the primary signal, which, in turn, is determined by the number of bits (2n) representations of measurement words.

When using the non-traditional representation of telemetry data with residual images ([4], group of patents RU 2 434 301, 2 434 302, 2 434 303, 2 434 304, 2 444 066, 2 445 709, 2 447 492, 2 457 543), there are additional opportunities to increase the frequency of polling TMP during the flight experiment, the detection and correction of transmission errors TMI. They are associated with a more economical use of the installed bit grid for representing TMP values and suggest the possibility of replacing the traditionally presented measurement words with their residual images, which are independent information elements of TMI of lower bit depth.

The transformations implemented in the inventions [4] can be summarized as

S_P(t - kT_o) ≡ b_pi(t - kT_o) (mod Ш_PI), (16)

where b _pi (t - kT _o ) are the differences between the corresponding value of each sample of the primary signal S _p (t - kT _o ) and the i-th threshold level W _Pi , which he exceeded.

If we introduce the following notation: S _p (t - kT _o ) = X , b _pi (t - kT _o ) = b _i , and W _Pii = m _i , then expression (16) can be written as a comparison:

X ≡ b _i (mod m _i ), (17)

Whereb _i -image-residue obtained as a result of the comparison operationX modulom _i (represents the value of the remainder obtained by dividing the numberX by the numberm _i ,with the symbol "≡"Denotes the concept of" identically equal ").

In such a record, the fundamental concepts of the mathematical theory of finite fields are easily recognized ([5], Lidl R., Niederreiter G. Finite fields. In 2 volumes. Translated from English. - M.: Mir, 1988. - 882 pp.).

Further, in accordance with the mathematical theory of finite fields ([5]), we can proceed, guided by the simplest logic of synthesis of new technical solutions, to a comparison system for several comparison modules, for examplem _one = 2 ⁿ - 1, m ₂ = 2 ⁿ , m ₃ = 2 ⁿ + 1.

Then

X ≡ b _one (mod m _one ),

X ≡ b ₂ (mod m ₂ ),

X ≡ b ₃ (mod m ₃ ). (eighteen)

With this representation of the value of X , also known as the system of residual classes (RNS), there are requirements for the choice of threshold levels W _Pi = m _i . So from the classical theory of finite fields [5] it follows that the modules of comparisons should be identified with coprime numbers ( m ₁ , m ₂ ) = 1, ( m ₂ , m ₃ ) = 1, ( m ₁ , m ₃ ) = 1. From the written conditions it follows that the numbers m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₃ should not have other common factors, except 1.

This approach allows one to strictly mathematically determine the fundamental rules for choosing the set of different threshold comparison levels W _Pi .

The monograph ([6], S. Kukushkin, S. S. “Finite Fields and Informatics”, in 2 vols., Vol. 1, “Methods and algorithms, classical and non-traditional, based on the use of the constructive theorem on the remainder. ”- M .: MO RF, 2003 - 284 p.).

There is also an opportunity when choosing two comparison modules, for examplem _one = 2 ⁿ - oneandm ₃ = 2 ⁿ + 1,unambiguously restore upon reception the transmitted initial values of TMP using the algorithm of the Chinese remainder theorem [5, 6]. For the case of comparison for two modulesm _oneand m ₂ ,the restored value of X is obtained using the following formula [5, 6]:

X = m ₂ m ^/ ₂ b ₁ + m ₁ m ^/ ₁ b ₂ (mod m ₁ × m ₂ ), (19)

where m ^/ ₁ and m ^/ ₂ are multiplicatively inverse elements:

(m ₁ m ^/ ₁ ≡1 (mod m ₂ )) and (m ₂ m ^/ ₂ ≡1 (mod m ₁ )).

If we consider the byte structure of words that has a scale for measuring (presenting) TMP values Ш = 0 - 255, then in accordance with the proposed conversion, it is necessary to find two numbers with a minimum difference between them into which the original number 255 would be divisible without a remainder. For the given example, these are modules 15 and 17 (15 × 17 = 255). It is not difficult to notice that the following well-known algebraic identity is present in the structure of this decomposition:

2 ²ⁿ - 1 = (2 ⁿ - 1) (2 ⁿ + 1). (twenty)

In turn, the algebraic representation of the number (2 ⁿ - 1) can, in turn, be decomposed into the following factors:

2 ⁿ - 1 = (2 ^{n / 2} - 1) (2 ^{n / 2} + 1). (21 ^/ )

For large values of n , which determine the bit depth of code combinations S _p (t - nT _o ), this process can be continued until a minimum comparison modulus equal to ( 2 ¹ + 1 ) = 3: m _1j = 3.

To restore, in accordance with the algorithm of the Chinese remainder theorem (20), it is necessary to find the multiplicatively inverse elements for the comparison modules m ₁ = 15 and m ₂ = 17:

17 × 8 = 136 ≡1 (mod 15); 15 × 8 = 120 ≡1 (mod 17).Hence,m ^/ _one = 8 andm ^/ ₂ = 8.

For the case of byte measurement words and the selected optimal comparison modules m ₁ = 15 and m ₂ = 17 for the values of the accepted residual images b ₁ = 11 and b ₂ = 14, the corresponding algorithm of the Chinese remainder theorem has the form:

x = 136 b _one  + 120 b ₂  (mod 15 × 17 = 255) = 136 × 11 + 120 × 14 = 1496 + 1680 = 3176 ≡ 116 (mod 255).

Even more computationally simple, the recovery algorithm can be implemented using the constructive remainder theorem (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). At the same time, the implementation of a highly effective additional algorithm for detecting and correcting errors appears when several comparison modules are used, for example, m ₁ = 15 and m ₂ = 17. Its high corrective ability, which makes it possible to correct 30 to 90% of transmission errors, is based on the property of equal groups of values, belonging to the selected graphic fragments (Fig. 3).

The resulting effect of the syntactic compression of TMP data can be used to solve many other problems of telemetry. Among them is an increase in the accuracy of television measurements by reducing the quantization error of the TMP values when digitally presented without increasing the bit depth of the presentation of messages about the values of the controlled TMP. For example, when applying the proposed method in an on-board radio telemetry system (BRTS) instead of an eight-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a 16-bit ADC can be used. In this case, in accordance with the proposed compression method, the data of only the eight least significant bits of the generated 16-bit measurement words will be transmitted to the communication channel. For example, instead of the original value of the dimension wordx _i = <01110101. 01111001 > ₂ = <30073> ₁₀ the remainder obtained modulo will be transferred to the communication channelm ₂ =2 ⁸= 256 and equalb _2i =< 01111001 > ₂ = <121> ₁₀ .

Such a case of transmitting TMP values is presented in the form of a graphic illustration shown in FIG. 4. At the same time, the bitness of the transmitted data remained the same as with the traditional way of representing the TMP values, but using not a 16-bit, but an 8-bit ADC.

The recovery algorithm for receiving a compressed representation of TMP, an illustration of which is shown in FIG. 5 is as follows.

1. The first TMP data recovery operation is associated with the allocation of graphic fragments of residual images between adjacent gaps indicated in FIG. 5 in green. The procedure for identifying breaks in the graphic fragments of the representation of TMP by residual images is carried out on the basis of the operation of numerical differentiation: ∆b _i / ∆t → max, where ∆b _i = b _{i + 1} - b _i is the largest difference between adjacent values of TMP residual images, equal to the comparison module m _i , and ∆t = (kT _o - (k-1) T _o ) is the minimum interval of polling TMP values S _p (t - kT _o ), determined in accordance with the theorem of V.A. Kotelnikov. In the proposed method, the boundaries of TMP fragments enclosed between gaps are identified by the maximum difference values Δb _i = b _{i + 1} - b _i → max.

2. The second operation of transformations carried out with the aim of obtaining the initial TMP is based on the property of continuity of controlled telemetric processes. Its essence lies in the fact that the graphic fragment of the representation of TMP enclosed between the gaps by the remnant images is moved up or down, as shown in FIG. 5, for the formation of TMP in the form of a continuous function of time x (t), indicated in red. Thus the derivatives at the points relating to the end of the previous fragment ((Δb _i / Δt) _k.pr.) and the beginning of the next _{(.. (Δb i / Δt} ) _{n cl)} are equal to:

(Δb _i / Δt) _k.pr. = ( ∆b _i / ∆t ) _{n. next} . (22)

The rule for moving the transmitted TMP fragments up or down is determined based on the sign of the result of numerical differentiation: if (∆b _i / ∆t)_candidate> 0, then the next graphic fragment of the transferred values formed by the results of comparison based on modulesm _i = W_Pi, where w_Pi - selected (set) threshold levels, then the selected graphic fragment must be moved up, if∆b _i / ∆t)_candidate<0, then, on the contrary, it is moved down.

As a result of the described operation, the connection of the graphic fragments of the representation of TMP by residual images will be restored (in relation to the considered example) missing in relation to the initial representation of the 8 senior bits in each of the transmitted residual images (Figs. 4 and 5).

= 0,39% при 8-разрядном АЦП, в восстановленном параметре она будет уменьшена в 256 раз. Такое уменьшение было связано с тем, что квантование на самом деле было выполнено 16-разрядным АЦП, в результате чего фактическая погрешность квантования равна: δ_{кв. ост.}=

= 1,5 × 10^-3%. Но при этом объем передаваемых данных был уменьшен в два раза по отношению к случаю традиционной передачи значений ТМП.As a result, instead of the standard error of quantization of TMP equal to δ _{sq. st} =

= 0.39% with an 8-bit ADC, in the restored parameter it will be reduced by 256 times. This decrease was due to the fact that the quantization was actually performed by a 16-bit ADC, as a result of which the actual quantization error is equal to: δ _{sq. rest} =

= 1.5 × 10 ^-3 %. But at the same time, the amount of transmitted data was halved in relation to the case of traditional transmission of TMP values.

Such non-traditional representations of data by residual images provide the possibility of simultaneously solving several problems of modern telemetry:

- reducing the volume of transmitted information through the use of its properties (uneven flows of HMI in time, high correlation between adjacent values of telemetry, which is a consequence of the application of the theorem of V.A. Kotelnikov on the sampling frequency of a controlled physical process);

- reduction of quantization errors with constant bitness of the presentation of messages on the results of television measurements;

- the exclusion of effects caused by errors in the selection of telemetry scales and called “roll-over of TMP values”;

- reducing the volume of non-meaningful information and increasing on this basis the information load of each of the telemetry personnel;

- increasing the noise immunity of transmitted TMI in the unconventional formation of new messages about the results of telemetry from residual images without increasing the bit depth of the original measurement words.

The generalized technical effect consists in the fact that the proposed method is focused on attracting new reserves for constructing adaptive television measurement systems, which include, among other things, the possibility of increasing the polling frequencies of information-significant TMP at time intervals determined by the on-board monitoring unit.

The proposed method for transmitting telemetric information makes it possible to use such an objective property of the transmitted telemetry data as an increase in the number of transmitted “idle” characters and words that appears when using known methods of transmitting TMI as a result of the separation of telemetered rocket design elements. The introduction of “idle” words is accompanied by a decrease in the possibility that could be used to transmit meaningful information. As a result of this, the resources of the on-board telemetry system are uselessly consumed, the bit energy is significantly reduced, and the likelihood of distortion increases.

In addition, in the proposed method, it is proposed to use other reserves to increase the information saturation of each of the transmitted telemetry frames, including the unconventional presentation of telemetry data by their residual images (Fig. 6, Fig. 7).

When using the proposed method, the places of “idle” characters and words are replaced with images-residues of information-significant TMP, as a result of which errors in the transmitted data can be detected and corrected. At the same time, the equivalent bit energies are increased and the likelihood of distortion is reduced.

Also, to ensure the possibility of transmitting TMI with an increase in the frequency of polling TMP, a transition to M-position codes can be used, including a replacement logical ternary code and modulation codes that form the basis of patents RU No. 2475861 ([7]) and No. 2480840 ([8 ]).

Their use allows to increase the speed of information transfer while ensuring its noise immunity.

In FIG. 8 is a structural diagram of a discrete telemetry information transmission system that implements the proposed method on the transmitting side. In FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of an information reception system.

Information transfer system, adapted to various situations that arise during testing of rocket and space technology, on the transmitting side contains blocks 1_one, one₂,…, one_N formation of (information-significant) telemetry parameters, the highest requirements are imposed on the reliability of their transmission, and blocks 3_1i, 3_2i, ..., 3_Mi the formation of additional telemetry parameters related to i = 1, 2, ..., K  detachable telemetry elements of the rocket, respectively, N outputs of blocks 1_one, one₂,…, one_N the formation of the main telemetry parameters are connected directly to the corresponding inputs of the switch 3, and M_i block outputs 3_1i, 3_2i, ..., 3_Mi the formation of additional telemetry parameters are connected to the corresponding M_i the inputs of the switch 9 through the block 4 switch the mode of generating data of television measurements, N additional inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the block 5 of the formation of test characters, N inputs of which are combined with the corresponding outputs of blocks 1_one, one₂,…, one_N the formation of the main telemetry parameters, and the control (N + 1) input is combined with the control input of the block for switching the telemetry data generation mode 4 and is connected to the first output of the first control unit 6 having a control input 18 for setting switching modes, the second output of which is connected through block 7 the generation of clock signals is connected to an additional input of the switch 9, the output of which is transmitted through the transmitter 10 and the communication channel 11 to the input of the receiving side (Fig. 9), consisting of a receiver 12, the output of which is dekommutatora of the connections to the input 13 of transmission channels having a control input 33, the first N outputs of which are connected via a first decoder 16_one with the corresponding inputs of the block 17 detection and correction of errors, the second M_ithe inputs of which are connected through the second decoder 16₂ with the corresponding outputs of the de-commutator 13 of the transmission channels, the additional output of which is connected through the identification unit 14 for identifying the TMP polling frequency and switching modes, as well as the second control unit 15 with the control input of the error detection and correction unit 17, the third input of the second control unit 15 is the mode setting input 45 switching, the second output 43 of the block 14 identification of the frequency of the survey TMP and switching modes is connected to the combined control inputs of the first 16_one and second 16₂ decoder, M_i the outputs of the last and N outputs of the unit 17 for detecting and correcting errors are system outputs,differentin that, on the transmitting side, a clock generating unit 7 is introduced, consisting of sub-blocks 7 connected in series_one setting the type of synchronizing word and its inversion, input 22 of which is the control input of block 7, and register 7₂ permutations of composite code structures (QC_i, i = 3) and character shift of the central code structure KK₂, the output of which is the output of block 7, sensors 2_one, 2₂, ..., 2_S the formation of dynamically changing (information-significant) telemetry parameters, the polling frequency of which should change during flight tests of the RCT, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of switch 9 and monitoring unit 8, the first group of S outputs of which are connected to control inputs 28_one, 28₂, ..., 28_Scorresponding S sensors 2_one, 2₂, ..., 2_S the formation of dynamically changing (information-significant) telemetry parameters, the polling frequency of which should change during flight tests of the RCT, and the second group of S outputs of which is connected to the corresponding group of S inputs 29_one, 29₂, ..., 29_Sregister 7₂ permutation of composite code structures, and on the receiving side, a block 18 for allocating additional values of the TMP survey of the second group of sensors 2 is introduced_one, 2₂, ..., 2_Sthe control input 44 of which is connected to the third output of the TMP polling frequency identification unit 14 and switching modes, the fourth output of which 46 is connected to the second input of the second control unit 15, the second output 49 of which is connected to the control input of the TMP value generation unit 19 with an increased polling frequency, a group of S inputs which is connected to the corresponding outputs of the block 18 allocation of additional values of the survey TMP, while its S outputs relate to the corresponding group of outputs 51_one, 51₂, ..., 51_Sthe receiving side.

To implement the method, the whole set of telemetry parameters is divided into three groups: the main one, containing N telemetry parameters (TMP) with the required high transmission reliability and S dynamically changing (information-significant) TMP, the polling frequency of which should change during flight tests of the RCT, and also an additional group of 3_1i, 3_2i, ..., 3_Mi additional telemetry parameters related to i = 1, 2, ..., K  detachable telemetry elements of the rocket. The first and second groups include parameters that are subject to control during the entire flight of the rocket. The third group of TMPs belongs to sensors mounted on rocket structures that separate during its flight (steps, side engines, fairings). Their data are of interest until they are separated from the telemetry system along with the separated rocket elements.

At the initial stage of rocket flight during the operation of the first-stage engine, the volume of transmitted TMI is greatest. The entire system of television measurements is focused on ensuring its transmission: the required structure for the formation of word-measurements and telemetric frames is set. At this time interval, the loading of telemetric frames with meaningful information is high. To increase the transmission speed, a multi-position encoding system of transmitted data can also be used. The required noise immunity indicators are provided due to the fact that the distances between the missile and the telemetry stations that receive TMI are small, therefore the bit energy exceeds the level at which the reception quality corresponds to the required values.

After separation of the first stage (i = 1) and exclusion from transmission of additional telemetry parameters, conventionally referred to as 3 ₁₁ , 3 ₂₁ , ..., 3 _M1 , the formed telemetric frames must remain unchanged in terms of the number of characters contained in them to ensure the reliability and simplicity of their reception code. To do this, under existing practice, the places in telemetric frames that previously occupied the telemetry data of sensors of separated structural elements were filled with “blank” characters, for example, “0” characters of a binary code. Such code structures, consisting of “idle” characters “0”, are also called “idle”, because they are not carriers of meaningful information.

When using the proposed method, “idle” words are replaced by information symbols, which, in relation to the remaining telemetry parameters of the rocket, are in accordance with the established priority, or the results of increasing their interrogation frequency at time intervals specified by the monitoring unit 8, or redundant (verification), allowing to detect and correct transmission errors TMI. At the same time, it is proposed to use the remnants of TMP as redundant (test) symbols, denoted by 1 ₁ , 1 ₂ , ..., 1 _N , obtained using additional, different comparison modules, for example, m ₁ = 2 ⁿ -1 and m ₃ = 2 ⁿ +1. The results of an additional survey of TMPs belonging to the second group of sensors 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _S are presented either in the form of messages composed of two residual images (Fig. 3) if it is possible to substitute them into the generated i-th telemetric frame , or in a condensed form when the junior half-word is represented by the original measurement word (b _2i (mod 2 ⁿ )), when the possibilities for substitution are limited. Such filling in the empty spots in the frame does not require the introduction of additional signs of using one or the other substitution option, since upon reception they have a significant difference in code distance (Fig. 3 and Figs. 4, 5).

In addition to high rates of increased noise immunity when comparing the modules m ₁ = 2 ⁿ -1 and m ₃ = 2 ⁿ +1, in the first case (Fig. 3), as well as a significant coefficient of syntactic data compression without loss, in the second case (Fig. 4, 5), the use of various comparison models simplifies the procedure for identifying the current transmission mode of TMI. An additional feature for identification appears, which is set to control units 6 and 15 in the form of comparison modules. They represent data that are not transmitted through communication channels, but become known to users in the form of key data.

The information transfer system (Fig. 8, Fig. 9) that implements the proposed method operates as follows. Data from information sources (1_one, one₂,…,one_N) and 2_one, 2₂, ..., 2_S), representing the main group of TMPs _eleven (t), s ₂₁ (t), ..., s _N1 (t), s ₂₁ (t), s ₂₂ (t), ..., s _S2 (t)and many TMP (3_1i, 3_2i, ..., 3_Mi) related to detachable rocket structural elements:s _k1i (t), s _k2i (t), ..., s _kMi (t)where is the signi - determines the membership of the set of TMP toi-to that structural element, they are supplied to the corresponding inputs of switch 9. In switch 9, a group telemetric signal is generated in the following sequence:Gts (s _one , s ₂ , ..., s _N ; s ₂₁ (t), s ₂₂ (t), ..., s _S2 (t); s _k1i , s _k2i , ..., s _kMi) ). The beginning of each frame is marked with a sync word, the structure of which is set by the block 7 of the formation of clock signals. In existing practice, M-sequences whose structure and bit depth are used as clock signals (SS)n are set in preparation for the launch of the RCT. For example, in the Russian Orbit-IVMO BITS, a single (indivisible) code construction (CC) is used as a SS in the form of a 15-bit M-sequence: SS_Orb ^(one) = <100010011010111>₂. She has side lobes (R_max) with correlation reception do not exceed the value of | R_max| ≤ 3 in 15-bit representation. In the proposed method, it can be, for example, replaced by SS_N ^(one) = <000011100101111>₂composed of three QC code structures_i: QC_one = <0000>₂, QC₂ ^(one) = <1110010>₂representing the perfect 7-bit Barker code, and QC₃ = <1111>₂. With a byte word structure, a 15-bit M-sequence CC_Orb ⁽²⁾ = <1000100110101110>₂ complement the 16th character "0". But in this case it increases by unity | R_max| ≤ 4. Then, when replacing, the Barker code KK₂= <1110010>₂ also complemented by the symbol "0": QC₂ ⁽²⁾ = <11100100>₂. As a result of the VKF of the entire proposed 16-bit SS_N ⁽²⁾ = <0000111001001111>₂characterized by a minimum of side lobes (R_max) with correlation reception (they do not exceed the value of | R_max| ≤ 3). And at the same time, QC_one = <0000>₂and QC₃ = <1111>₂protect from the possibility of "false synchronism" when shifting the received SS by one character. Other options are also possible for constructing highly efficient SS with a given value of characters -n (Fig. 10).

The use of composite SS, in addition to increasing the stability of synchronization of transmitted and received messages, is also necessary to obtain information about changes in the modes of organizing television measurements when implementing the proposed method. Moreover, to identify the time of transition to the next planned stage of filling “idle” words in telemetric frames, it is possible not only to invert the entire clock signal, as proposed in the prototype [1], but also to invert individual composite SS code structures in the form of CC _i . In addition, to identify the time moments of the transition to higher polling frequencies of the TMP of the second group to identify their conditional numbers in the register 7 ₂ , the characters of the main QC _{2 are} shifted. Moreover, as you know, the cyclic shift of characters in M-sequences (as well as in the 7-bit Barker code) will not affect the VKF, therefore, the task of identifying SS based on it will be carried out on the receiving side without additional difficulties.

Also, in the permanent memory of the control units 6 and 15, using inputs 20 and 47, data on the estimated values of the separation times of the rocket stages, as well as information from previous similar tests (if any) regarding the required changes in the TMP interrogation modes of the second group, are recorded.

During the flight, from the command instrument complex (CCP) 20 commands are sent to the input for the separation of the steps, which, when they coincide with the calculated time intervals recorded in the permanent memory of block 6, go to the control input 21 of the block 5 for generating check symbols and the input 22 of block 7 the formation of clock signals. At the same time, in block 5, check symbols are generated for the measurement words of the first group of TMPs, which in block 4 of the switching mode for generating telemetry data are substituted for places that were previously filled with “idle” symbols, and in block 7 of the generation of clock signals, the symbols of the proposed composite sync word (CC) change to the opposite in relation to the previous transmission mode TMI.

In block 8 of the monitoring, the correctness of the choice of the interrogation frequency and the bitness of the representation of the values of television measurements in the BITS is monitored in the form of an estimate of the dispersion of random interference present in the television measurements (Fig. 11, ..., Fig. 20), for each of the controlled TMPs, they decide according to the monitoring results either to increase the frequency of its survey, or to reduce it to previously accepted frequencies (time intervals of the survey), depending on whether the determined estimates of the current variance exceed the corresponding threshold established for each of TMP or not. Moreover, the time coincidence of the requirements for increasing (decreasing) the polling frequency based on the obtained estimates of the variance of random noise present in the telemetry is also used as an estimate of the reliability of the monitoring results. With the correctly planned information and telemetry support (ITO) of the RCT tests, the emergence of an unforeseen (abnormal) situation, which may be during the flight experiment, does not affect one, but several TMPs at once. This is confirmed by the illustrations shown in FIG. 11-20. At the same time, this circumstance contributes to the simplification of the technical implementation of the method, since it involves a simultaneous increase or decrease in the frequency of the survey for TMP groups.

Formed group telemetry signal (GTS) from the output of the switch 9 is fed to the input 30 of the transmitter 10, in which it is subjected to modulation and transmission over the communication channel 11, subject to the effects of interference 32.

On the receiving side in the receiver 12, demodulation of the transmitted group signal and the allocation of sync words are performed. Further, in accordance with the Telemetry Program recorded prior to start-up via control input 35, TMP decommutation is performed in decomposer 13. In this case, the selected N TMPs of the first group are sent to the first decoder 16 ₁ , and the remaining M _i TMPs of the third group are sent to the second decoder 16 ₂ binary words. In addition, at the output 42 of the decomposer 13, based on the determination of the type of representation of the clock signal, conventionally referred to as “direct” and “inverse”, a control signal is generated in block 14 for identifying the TMP polling frequency and switching modes. If it is available in the second decoder 16 ₂ , those binary word symbols are selected that were substituted for the "idle" code structures. At the same time, at the output 45 of the identification module 14 for identifying the TMP polling frequency and switching modes, a signal is supplied to the second input of the second control unit 15, confirming the fact of changes in the functioning of the data generation system. To confirm reliability in the second control unit 15, the time of its arrival is compared with the planned time interval, which is entered at input 47. If there are no contradictions between the information about the planned and actual data obtained from the received TMI and relating to the time of occurrence of events and their time duration, at the output 48 of block 15, a signal is generated, after receiving which the block 17 for detecting and correcting errors proceeds to the next operation of detecting and correcting errors of value main group information relevant TMP. In the event that there are differences between them that exceed the established tolerances, the operations of detecting and correcting errors in the values of the main group of information-significant TMP are carried out at the stage of primary processing of TMI.

During operation of the first stage of the rocket, block 17 can be used as a relay of data received at outputs 37 ₁ , 37 ₂ , ..., 37 _{N of the} first decoder 16 ₁ . He proceeds to the error correction operation after separation of the first stage. With each new change in the mode of formation and transmission of TMI, its corrective ability is enhanced, as an increasing number of test characters begins to come from the second decoder 16 ₂ . As a result of this, the noise immunity of the restoration of the main (information-significant) TMP group is increased, which partially compensates for the loss of natural bit energy associated with an increase in the distance between the controlled object and the receiving side.

At the outputs 39 ₁ , 39 ₂ , ..., 39 _{S of the} decomposer 13, a second group of TMPs, conventionally referred to as 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _S , is allocated, which are fed to the corresponding inputs of the block 18 for allocating additional TMP poll values of the second group, at the outputs 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ , ..., 41 _S which restore their values taking into account the additional set of polls that have appeared. Recovered at the outputs 41 ₁ , 41 ₂ , ..., 41 _S in the TMP value identification block 19 are supplemented with information on temporary changes in the polling frequency of the TMP of the second group, which is used to control the integrity of the restored TMI.

The basis for controlling the change in the operating modes of the receiving side of receiving TMI in the proposed method is the replacement of the “direct” display of synchronization word symbols with their opposite “inverse” representation, which is used to identify time instants corresponding to the transition to the use of noise-resistant coding. In this case, cyclic shifts of a composite code or code constructions (CC _i ) with the properties of M-sequences are used to transmit the number (i) of TMP (i = 1, ..., S) belonging to the second group of sensors, conditionally designated as 2 ₁ , 2 ₂ , ..., 2 _S. In addition, to determine on the receiving side of the current operating mode of the BITS, the following identification signs are used: 1) the difference in the comparison modules in the comparison modules for residual images, which are substituted for free places in the GTS; 2) the manifestation of the properties of continuity in the form of the presence of a correlation between adjacent values of words related to the selected TMP; 3) the difference in code distances between adjacent TMP values.

The technical effect achieved from the proposed method for transmitting information consists in the possibility of restoring the rocket flight pattern, in which the clock signals, in addition to solving the main task — TMP decommutation, can be used for another purpose, including for restoring the rocket flight pattern. Previously, only telemetry signaling parameters (TPS) were used to solve this problem. However, they were connected to the BRTS main switch through local switches, so the frequency of their polling could not be higher than the group of slowly changing parameters (MMP) that could be provided by the local switch. As a result, the error in their timing was large. The error in the timing of the moments of inversion of sync words is much less, since their repetition rate is determined by the polling frequency of the BRTS main switch, not local.

In this case, the repetition of the moments of separation of the rocket stages at the level of clock signals increases the reliability and identification of the timing of the TPN response.

In addition, the polarity reversal of sync words can also be used to increase the accuracy of the timing of the results of signals and data when the diversity of received measuring stations is received by TMI stations, since a mark of the event that occurred on board the controlled object appears uniformly for all spatially separated stations. Previously, for example, such a label was introduced purposefully at the data level of the main switch to ensure joint processing of navigation and telemetry information.

Thus, as a result of the application of the proposed method, a comprehensive positive technical result is achieved, which is manifested in the following:

implementation of monitoring errors of various kinds, which lead to uncertainties in the identification of the results of television measurements;

control of the modes of compaction of messages and signals in telemetric frames in the conditions of uneven flow of content TMI and with changes in the modes of conducting telemetry;

the possibility of a significant increase in noise immunity of the transmission of sync words and TMI as a whole;

ensuring the reliability of identifying the rocket flight cyclogram, which is provided, among other things, by using sync words for an additional purpose - to transmit information about changes in BITS functioning modes;

reducing the time error of bringing to a single on-board time copies of the duplicate streams of telemetry data received with the diversity of stations receiving various measuring points by increasing the accuracy of synchronization of TMI streams when using new sync word structures;

improvement of technology for conducting television measurements under severe restrictions on the duration of the flight experiment, the bandwidth and energy performance of the radio channel, the structure of telemetry frames, etc.

Claims (5)

1. The method of transmitting telemetric information, adapted to various situations that arise during testing of rocket and space technology, which consists in the fact that on the transmitting side using sensors form a lot of telemetry parameters (TMP), the change of which over time with permissible errors established both for individual TMPs and for their groups formed in advance, coincides with the corresponding controlled physical processes, form primary telemetry for each of them Digital signals with pre-calculated dynamic ranges that are found by analog-to-digital conversion of the generated primary signals, performed with a calculated sampling period and with a given quantization step, code words-measurements of a certain bit depth are combined into telemetric frames, the beginning of which is given by clock signals having a code representation structure , which differs from similar indicators of measurement words, and that determine the beginning and the established order of sequence of telemetry data of various sensors, transmitting telemetric frames following each other via a communication channel to the receiving side and receiving on the receiving side the received sequence of telemetric frames and the sync words and code words-measurements contained in them, generate the restored sequence of samples of the primary signal on the receiving side by such converting received clock signals and a sequence of measurement code words that the value of each reconstructed sample of the primary signal and equal to the value of the corresponding received codeword, characterized in that on the transmitting side they monitor the correctness of the choice of the polling frequency and the bitness of the representation of the values of the telemetry in the on-board information and telemetry system in real time based on the reliability indicators of the a priori choice of the polling frequencies of the telemetry parameters, which are produced on based on determining the current level of compliance between controlled physical processes and those resulting from time corrections of them by primary telemetric signals displaying the telemetry parameter, in the form of an estimate of the variance of random noise present in the telemetry, for each of the telemetry parameters being monitored, according to the monitoring results, they decide either to increase the frequency of its polling or to lower it to previously adopted frequencies (polling time intervals) depending on whether the determined estimates of the current variance exceed the set for each of the telemetry parameters whether they are measured or not, they form three groups of telemetry parameters, the first two of which, called information-significant, are composed of telemetry data from sensors whose operation is not related to the detachable elements of the rocket’s design, and the third represents data whose functioning ceases when the elements are separated rocket designs, together with telemetry sensors installed on them, in formed telemetric frames to places previously occupied by measurements of separated sensors, in advance in the order established during the formation of the telemetric frame, binary characters belonging to information-significant parameters are substituted in accordance with the following priority: if the monitoring frequency of the TMP is increased as a result of the monitoring, then the substituted word characters represent additional values of the same TMP that appear when the polling frequency increases, if if the TMP polling frequency remains the same, then redundant check characters are introduced, turning simple measurement codes of the remaining information-significant bodies measured parameters into noise-resistant parameters, capable of detecting and correcting data transmission errors, while the number of test symbols is equal to the number of measurement word symbols belonging to the third group of telemetry parameters that were excluded from transmission during separation of the telemetry elements of rocket structures, resulting in the length of telemetric frames remains constant, when receiving telemetric information determine the moments of change in the structure of the presentation of clock signals and polar The results of their processing, which are associated with the time points of the change in the pre-calculated data generation and transmission modes, identified by the data received by the TMI, are used to select the following algorithms: attach the transmitted data as a result of replacing the “idle” words as additional TMP values that appeared as a result of increasing the frequency of his survey; for detecting transmission errors and correcting them, which corresponds to the current mode of generating and transmitting data installed on board the rocket, a restored sequence of samples of the primary signal is formed on the receiving side by such a conversion of the received sequence of code words that under conditions of interference of various origins a minimum of the following differences is ensured: between the values of both each recovered sample of the primary signal and the received codeword, which would correspond to the transmitted codeword on a minimum code distance in a noise introduced during transmission over the communication channel; between a controlled physical process at the output of the sensor and its image obtained during reception, which differs from the true one, taken as a reference, due to errors due to the choice of the sampling frequency of the controlled physical process and the bit grid for the representation of television measurements. 2. The method according to p. 1, which consists in the fact that frames (cycles) of transmitted telemetry information are formed on the transmitting side, the sequence of which is a group signal, each frame containing m binary symbols, the beginning of each frame determines a clock signal consisting of kn bit, followed by v = m - kn of information symbols, while the frame is divided in accordance with the accepted bit depth of the representation of the results of television measurements by an integer number of code words, the clock signal is endowed with properties that allow and on the receiving side to distinguish it from other messages and measurement words under the conditions of permissible interference for the required time, on the receiving side, the known sign of the synchronizing word is identified against the background of noise distorting the transmitted code symbols and used to establish such a sequence of information messages and measurement words , which was received on the transmitting side, while on the transmitting side the synchronizing signal is endowed with an expanded set of distinctive features, for which it is formed from more than one complex second pseudo-random sequence (PSP), which is a single code structure (QC), and of several composite code structures (QC _i ), the minimum number of which is three (i = 1, 2, 3), on the receiving side to highlight the synchronizing words digital the group signal is subjected to parallel processing, in this case, in the first channel, a symbolic cross-correlation function is determined for successively arriving symbols of the digital group signal with respect to the symbols of an identical copy of the sync word stored in the block pa yati on the receiving side compares the value obtained cross-correlation function with the preset threshold level, by comparing the set of received symbols greater than or equal to 3m symbols of binary code mark location candidates clock signals allocated code candidate sequence timing signals are divided into components (CC _i ) and identify each of them, while the result of their identification is determined on the basis of the first sign - the majority rule for most The correspondence of the components of QC _{i to} their copies stored in the memory of the receiving side determines the time intervals for their repetition on a set of characters equal to or greater than 3m, their constancy is used as the second sign of identification of the clock signal, the obtained results of the identification of the components are used to confirm the fact identification of the clock as a whole and increase its noise immunity. 3. The method of claim 1, which consists in the fact that the synchroslov and its components transmitted in the group signal are used not only for the main purpose, but also for an additional purpose, for which, on the transmitting side, the symbols of the sync word binary code are replaced with inverse (opposite) ones upon occurrence events, a message about which it is necessary to transmit to the receiving side in conditions of restrictions or the inability to use other methods of transmitting similar information, the received sync words presented in the group signal directly m and inverse form, are combined into a single stream of synchronizing messages and transmitted over the communication channel, on the receiving side, search for synchronization signals displayed not only as a whole indivisible code structure, but also in the form of its components, presented not only in direct, but also in the inverse form, the time moments associated with the inversion of the sync word bits are distinguished, and they are identified as the fact of the occurrence of the expected (foreseen) event, for which parallel identifiers of the sync words and its component are used parts that carry out their recognition in direct and inverse form against the background of other received data, respectively, after the establishment of the facts of inversions, the signs of identifying sync words and its components of different polarities are combined into a single synchronizing sequence, which is used for its main purpose - to decommute telemetry parameters. 4. The method of claim 1, which consists in the fact that, to expand the information component of the clock signals, additional messages about the change in the polling frequency of the telemetry parameter are transmitted by a shift of characters that is invariant with respect to the determined cross-correlation function in the code combination of the pseudorandom sequence used in constructing the clock signal, as in whole, and its individual components, while a certain code combination obtained as a result of a shift of binary characters with the number of the telemetry parameter whose polling frequency has been changed. 5. An information transmission system adapted to various situations that arise during testing of rocket and space technology, containing on the transmitting side N blocks for the formation of the main (information-significant) telemetry parameters and M _i blocks for the formation of additional telemetry parameters related to i = 1, 2, ..., S detachable telemetry elements of the rocket, respectively, the outputs of each of the blocks for the formation of the main telemetry parameters are connected to the first group of N inputs of the switch, dstvenno, and M _i outputs blocks forming additional telemetered parameters connected to another group of switch inputs consisting of M _i input, an additional input switch connected to the output unit for generating clock signals and its output connected to the input of a transmitter comprising at the receiving side receiver, whose output connected to the input of the decompressor of the transmission channels, (N + M _i ) of the outputs of which are connected to the system output through the decoding unit, the first control unit is entered on the transmitting side, the switching unit the formation mode of the telemetry data, the verification symbol generation unit, and on the receiving side the second control unit, the decoding unit with (N + M _i ) inputs and outputs is divided into two decoders with the number of inputs and outputs equal to N and M _i, respectively, the identification unit switching modes, a unit for detecting and correcting errors, while the M _i outputs of the blocks for generating additional telemetry parameters are connected to the corresponding M _i inputs of the second group of inputs of the switch through the switching unit for the formation mode telemetry, N additional inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the block generating test characters, N inputs of which are combined with the outputs of the respective blocks of the formation of the main telemetry parameters, and the control (N + 1) input is combined with the control input of the switching unit of the mode for generating the telemetry data and connected to the first output of the first control unit having a control input for setting switching modes, the second output of which is connected through the synchro-forming unit catch to an additional input of the switch, the output of which through the transmitter and communications channel is connected to the receiver input, whose output is connected to the input dekommutatora transmission channels having a control input, the first N outputs of which are connected through a first decoder to corresponding inputs of error detection and correction unit, the second M _i inputs of which are connected through the second decoder to the corresponding outputs of the transmission channel decommutator, the additional output of which is connected through the switching mode identification unit the second and second control unit with a control input of the error detection and correction unit, the second input of the second control unit is an input for setting switching modes, the second output of the switching mode identification unit is connected to the combined control inputs of the first and second decoders, M _i outputs of the last and N outputs of the detection unit and error correction are outputs of the system, characterized in that on the transmitting side the following are input: a block for generating clock signals, consisting of series-connected subunits setting the type of the synchronizing word and its inversion, the input of which is the control input of the block and the permutation register of composite code structures (CC _i , i = 3) and the shift of the characters of the central code structure CC ₂ , the output of which is the output of the block, S sensors of formation of dynamically changing (information - significant) telemetry parameters, the polling frequency of which should change during flight tests of the RCT, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch, as well as the monitoring unit, the first group from the S outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the corresponding S sensors for the formation of dynamically changing (information-significant) telemetry parameters, and the second group of S outputs of which is connected to the corresponding group of S inputs of the register of permutation of composite code structures, and an additional selection block is introduced on the receiving side TMP polling values S of sensors for the formation of dynamically changing (information-significant) telemetry parameters, the control input of which is connected to the third the output of the identification module for identifying the TMP polling frequency and switching modes, the fourth output of which is connected to the second input of the second control unit, the second output of which is connected to the control input of the TMP value generation unit with an increased polling frequency, a group of S inputs of which is connected to the corresponding outputs of the additional values extraction unit poll TMP, while its S outputs belong to the corresponding group of outputs of the receiving side.

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