RU2571349C2 - Method of active influence on thunder and hail processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of active influence on atmospheric processes and is designed to protect agricultural lands against thunder and hail, to control the electrical state of the atmosphere in high-risk areas (spaceports, atomic stations, airlines) for protection against lightning discharges. To influence the thunder and hail processes, the areas of origin of hail of the renewed part of a cloud are sown with crystallised reagents. Lightning discharges are initiated by penetration of missiles or shells as individual deployed and oriented falling current-conducting wires. The current-conducting wire is designed as a cord of carbon fibre in combination with a metal thread. The metal thread is placed along the central axis of the current-conducting cord or woven into its structure.

EFFECT: method provides increased efficiency of active influence on thunder and hail processes.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of active effects on cloud processes in order to protect crops, forest land and other objects from thunder and hail.

There are various ways of influencing thundercloud processes, including methods based on the principle of seeding with crystallizing reagents the region of the nucleation of hail located in the renewed part of the cloud [1]. However, these methods are not effective enough due to the existence of lightning discharges in the clouds, which significantly affect the rate of development of thunderstorm processes.

There is a method of preventing lightning discharge [2], which consists in the fact that between two charged different signs, cloud zones disperse a large number of metallized threads with a length of at least 10 cm. However, the method is ineffective for dealing with transient cloud processes, because metallized threads are unstable and low-power corona arresters and work only if they are corona.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is a method of interrupting thunderstorm processes in the clouds, including seeding with crystalline reagents the region of the nucleation of the hail, located mainly in the renewed part of the cloud, with the subsequent introduction of lightning arresters in the form of separate, deployed and oriented falling electric wires [3], (PROTOTYPE).

In the known method, the electric wires in the cloud are deployed and oriented, so with their help, not corona, but individual lightning arresters are introduced into the cloud. The known method due to the artificial initiation of lightning discharges reduces the electric field and thereby boosts transient thunderstorm processes.

The main disadvantages of this method include its insufficiently high efficiency, due to the fact that the process of reducing the electric field due to lightning discharges accelerates only the aggregation of ready-made small crystals and their coagulation growth in the clouds, and the initial process of crystal formation from supercooled cloud drops (as a reagent) does not work.

The technical result from the use of the claimed technical solution in practice is to increase the effectiveness of active impacts on thunderstorms.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of active influence on thunderstorm processes, which consists in seeding with crystallizing reagents the region of formation of the conditions for the emergence of the hail, located in the renewing part of the cloud, by initiating lightning discharges in this part of the cloud by introducing lightning bolts into it arresters in the form of separate deployed and oriented falling electric wires, according to the method a lightning arrester is made in the form of a cord formed and carbon fiber in combination with a metal filament, which catalyzes the combustion of a high temperature in the formation of the lightning channel active carbon nanostructure materials, such as fullerenes and nanotubes, wherein the metallic thread placed along the central axis of the conductive cord or woven into its structure.

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that a thread obtained from zinc, nickel or another metal that catalyzes the formation of active carbon nanostructured materials in the lightning channel at high temperatures is used as a catalytic component.

The figure (Fig. 1) shows a lightning arrester made in the form of a deployed, orientedly falling combined conductive cord 1 with a weight 2 and a parachute 3.

The combined lightning arrester can have different types of execution. In the figure (Fig. 2), the metal filament 4 is placed along the central axis of the conductive cord formed externally from the carbon filament 5, and in the figure (Fig. 3) the carbon filament 5 is woven with the metal filament 4 into a single unit and forms a conductive cord.

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

By means of radar sounding of the cloud according to well-known criteria, the region of formation of hail precipitation is distinguished in it. Then, using well-known anti-hail agents, for example, Alazan-9 type missiles, a reagent (AgI) is introduced into the hail formation zone and, simultaneously, with the help of missiles or other delivery vehicles, electric dischargers are dropped over the seeding area, each of which represents cord 1 (Figs. 2 and 3) formed from a carbon thread in combination with a metal thread. Under the action of cargo 2 and parachute 3, lightning arresters unfold and orientedly fall down. According to a number of sources [3], the length of such arresters should be at least 60 m in order to initiate an intra-cloud lightning discharge. Discharging arresters into the cloud should be staggered at a distance of (approximately) 500 m from each other. During lightning discharges, the conductive cord, consisting of carbon and metal threads, instantly turns into vapor under the influence of high temperatures in the lightning channel, from which active carbon nanostructured materials - fullerenes and nanotubes, which are very active and, when interacting with a cloud medium, form additional crystallization centers in the cloud. The process of condensation of supercooled water vapor on nanoparticles with ice-forming properties proceeds very intensively. This is due to the fact that solid-state nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes, and other nanoparticles can actively interact directly with water, thus forming an ordered cluster whose transverse dimensions can be tens of times greater than the transverse size of the nanoparticle itself.

Thus, the provoked lightning discharge, on the one hand, sharply reduces the electric field in a significant amount of the cloud environment and weakens thunderstorm activity, and on the other hand, the process of cloud formation is also stimulated under the influence of fullerenes and nanotubes formed in the lightning channel, which increases the effectiveness of active effects on thundercloud clouds.

The proposed method can be used in the field of active impacts on cloud processes in order to stimulate precipitation, as well as to regulate the electrical state of the atmosphere in high-risk areas (cosmodromes, nuclear power plants, airlines, etc.) where special protection against lightning discharges is required.

Literature

1. USSR author's certificate No. 875657, M. cl. A01G 15/00, 1980.

2. US Patent No. 3284005, M. cl. A01G 15/00, 1966.

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 1839962, IPC. A01G 15/00, 2006. PROTOTYPE.

Claims (2)

1. The method of active influence on thunderstorm processes, which consists in seeding with crystallizing reagents the region of formation of the conditions for the emergence of hail, located in the renewing part of the cloud, by initiating lightning discharges in this part of the cloud by introducing lightning dischargers into it in the form of separate deployed and orientedly falling conductive wires, characterized in that the conductive wire is formed in the form of a cord formed from a carbon filament in combination with a metal thread, while the metal thread is placed along the Central axis of the conductive cord or woven into its structure. 2. The method of active actions according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal thread is a thread obtained, for example, from zinc, nickel or another metal that catalyzes the formation of active carbon nanostructured materials at high temperatures in the lightning channel.

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