RU2569879C1 - Vehicle safe seat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: safe use of the vehicle seat at emergent braking consists in automatic release of the seat from its fully locked state. Then, the seat is overturned back around the pivoted mount fitted in the body cabin and, again, locked at the position with horizontally directed backrest directly at braking. Mechanism for the seat automatic turnover and locking is composed of two pairs of permanent magnets facing each other by unlike poles. Note here that one pair of said magnets is arranged one above the other at the seat base bottom surface and at cabin floor under the seat. Another pair of magnets for contact at seat backrest horizontal orientation is secured at backrest rear surface and the cabin fixed horizontal element while said pivoted mount is also arranged at the backrest above the seat centre of masses with passenger thereon.

EFFECT: higher safety at emergent braking.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for providing passive safety of passenger vehicles.

Known seat devices equipped with a mechanism for changing their longitudinal and angular position relative to the vehicle body during assembly and adjustment, including a slide for securing the seat frame, longitudinal guides, a slide moving mechanism in the form of a threaded screw, longitudinal sliders, a locking mechanism, a backrest angle adjuster , brackets for turning the pillows and backs are from - / cm. RF patent for the invention No. 2225797, cl. B60N 2/07, 2000 [1]; RF patent for the invention No. 2290331, cl. B60N 2/07, 2008 [2]; RF patent for utility model No. 47296, class. B60N 2/02, 2005 [3] /.

The disadvantages of the known devices is the impossibility of adaptive changes and rearrangement of their position in the process of working in space immediately at the time of impact in a collision of a vehicle and under the influence of an impact, and, as a consequence, low efficiency while ensuring safety.

Designs of safe seats are also known, providing their adaptive longitudinal movement and limited lift relative to the body immediately at the time of an emergency collision and actuated as a result of an impact or by switching on a special collision sensor connected to the power mechanism via the control unit / cm. RF patent for utility model No. 46231, cl. B60N 2/427, 2004 [4] /, or by kinematically connecting the bumper to the mechanism for controlling the limited movement of passenger seats, made in the form of rods and hydraulic cylinders / cm. Ivanov V.N., Lyalina V.A. Passive safety of a car, M., "Transport", 1979, p. 274, fig. 13.54 [5] /, or by performing kinematic coupling of the bumper with the seat movement control mechanism using a rod pivotally connected to two-arm levers, a clamp drive rod with sliders and fingers with two-stage profiled notches displaced in height / cm. A.S. USSR No. 943036, class B60R 19/02, B60N 1/00, 1981 [6] /.

The disadvantages of all these devices are the fundamentally low efficiency of improving safety by ensuring longitudinal relative movements of the seats at the time of emergency collisions, as well as the complexity of the structures and cumbersome communication mechanisms of the bumper with the seat, the presence of special communication units, control and power regulation / cm. also [5] /.

In addition, devices are known for providing automatic angular rotation of seats in the horizontal plane immediately at the time of an emergency collision with mutual force compensation / cm. RF patent for utility model No. 93052, class. B60N 2/42, 2006 [7], as well as automatic tilting of seats in a vertical plane due to the connection of the bumper using a piston system with hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic system / cm. [5]/.

The disadvantages of these devices are their extreme design complexity, low efficiency of increasing the degree of safety in compensating devices for turning the seats in the horizontal plane, which also require high quality manufacturing of elements, and if these conditions are not met, leading, on the contrary, to lower passenger safety.

The closest device of the same purpose to the proposed invention in terms of essential features is a safe vehicle seat, containing a hinged support mounted on the floor of the body under the seat base and a mechanism for manually and automatically releasing the seat from a stationary fixed state at the time of emergency braking, tipping it back around articulated support and re-fixation in a position with a horizontally oriented back, made in the form of connected minutes with a bumper piston hydraulic system with hydraulic cylinder mounted beneath the seat base / cm. A.S. USSR No. 1039764, cl. B60R 21/08, B60N 1/08, 1982 [8] /, and adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype device are the extreme complexity of the design, including the hydraulic mechanism for automatically tipping and fixing the seat associated with the bumper, which leads to an increase in the response time constant, and, accordingly, a decrease in the efficiency of passenger protection in a collision.

The essence of the invention is to create an extremely simple simple design of the device, while providing a high degree of passenger protection in case of strong collisions of the vehicle due to its provision with a mechanism that provides the ability to immediately remove emergency magnetic connections from the seat, tipping it back together with the passenger at the time of emergency braking and re-fixing without the use of additional hydraulic, electromechanical, etc. mechanisms and energy sources, and due to adaptive adjustment of the spatial position of the seat under the action of inertial forces arising directly during emergency braking.

The technical result is a simplification of the design of the device, increasing the degree of passenger safety during emergency braking of the vehicle.

The specified technical result during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the known safe seat of the vehicle, containing a mechanism for automatically releasing it from a stationary fixed state at the time of emergency braking of the vehicle, then tipping back around the hinged support installed in the passenger compartment and re-locking in a horizontal position oriented back, the feature is that the mechanism of automatic tipping and fixing the seat is made in the form of two pairs of permanent magnets facing each other with opposite poles, while one pair of magnets is mounted on top of each other, respectively, on the lower surface of the seat base and the interior floor under the seat with the possibility of adjusting the axial clearance between the opposite poles up to their direct contact, ensuring the separation force of the magnets corresponding to a given dangerous value of emergency inertial overload, and with the formation in the contact zone the poles of the curved surface of rotation of the seat around the axis of the hinge support, another pair of magnets in contact with the horizontal orientation of the seatback is mounted, respectively, on the back surface of the backrest and the stationary horizontal element of the passenger compartment, and the hinged seat support is also mounted on the backrest above the center of mass of the seat together with the passenger on it.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which schematically shows a side view of the proposed safe seat with a passenger / solid lines show the position of the seat in a stationary transport state, dotted after tipping over during emergency braking /.

постоянных магнитов 7, соответствующего заданному в технических условиях на данное транспортное средство опасному для пассажира 4 минимальному значению инерционной перегрузки, действующему при аварийном торможении /ударном столкновении транспортного средства с препятствием/. Другая пара 8 постоянных магнитов, контактирующих при горизонтальной ориентации спинки 3 сиденья 1, закреплена, соответственно, на задней поверхности спинки 3 в верхней ее части и неподвижной стойке 13 с горизонтальной верхней поверхностью, прикрепленной нижним торцом к полу 5 салона. Шарнирная опора 6 сиденья 1 /цилиндрический шарнир с трением скольжения/ выполнена в виде прикрепленной к спинке 3 оси 12, свободно с возможностью вращения вставленной в неподвижную обойму /втулку/, прикрепленную сбоку к стойке 13. При этом ось вращения 12 шарнирной опоры 6 установлена выше центра масс С сиденья 1 вместе с пассажиром 4, а именно - высота h размещения оси 12 шарнира 6 над полом П превышает вертикальную координату У_с центра масс С также относительно пола 5 на расчетное расстояние d=h-У_с. В устройстве предусмотрена возможность сборочной регулировки высоты выступания /углубления/ одного из магнитов 8 в отверстие 14 стойки 13 с помощью установочных шайб 15 и винта 16, а также высоты другого магнита пары 8 над задней поверхностью спинки 3 с помощью таких же шайб 17 и винта /на рисунке не показан/, что необходимо для подбора угла повторной фиксации сиденья 1 с ориентацией спинки 3, близкой к горизонтальной, а главное - для подбора необходимой для надежной Фиксации силы притяжения магнитов 8.The safe seat 1 of the vehicle, consisting of a base 2 and a backrest 3, with a passenger 4 placed on it, is installed on the floor 5 of the passenger compartment and is equipped with a mechanism for releasing it from a stationary fixed state at the time of emergency braking, subsequent tipping back around the hinge installed in the passenger compartment support 6 and re-fixation in a position with a horizontally oriented back 3. In this case, the mechanism of automatic tipping and fixing the seat 1 is made in the form of two pairs of 7 and 8 constant zhnevyh magnets facing each other in pairs with opposite poles. One pair 7 of the above magnets is mounted one above the other, respectively, on the lower surface of the base 2 of the seat 1 k on the floor 5 of the cabin under the seat 1 with the possibility of adjusting the axial clearance 9 between the opposite poles of the permanent magnets 7 until they are directly contacted by screwing into the lower a pair of 7 magnets through the floor 5 and the frame 10 of the vehicle adjusting screw 11 with subsequent fixation. Moreover, on the opposite poles of the magnets 7 in the area of their contact, curved surfaces of rotation of the seat 1 around the axis 12 of the hinge support 6 are formed. The above-mentioned adjustment of the magnitude of the axial clearance 9 provides a tearing force $$\overline{F}$$

permanent magnets 7, corresponding to the minimum value of the inertial overload that is dangerous for the passenger 4, which is specified in the technical specifications for this vehicle, which is in effect during emergency braking / collision of a vehicle with an obstacle /. Another pair of 8 permanent magnets in contact with the horizontal orientation of the backrest 3 of the seat 1, is mounted, respectively, on the rear surface of the backrest 3 in its upper part and the stationary stand 13 with a horizontal upper surface attached by the lower end to the floor 5 of the cabin. The hinge support 6 of the seat 1 / a cylindrical hinge with sliding friction / is made in the form of an axis 12 attached to the back of the 3, freely rotatably inserted into a stationary holder / sleeve /, attached laterally to the rack 13. The rotation axis 12 of the hinged support 6 is mounted higher the center of mass C of the seat 1 together with the passenger 4, namely, the height h of the axis 12 of the hinge 6 above the floor P exceeds the vertical coordinate Y _{from the} center of mass C also relative to the floor 5 by the estimated distance d = h-U _s . The device provides the possibility of assembly adjustment of the height of the protrusion / recess / one of the magnets 8 in the hole 14 of the rack 13 using the mounting washers 15 and screw 16, as well as the height of the other magnet of the pair 8 above the back surface of the backrest 3 using the same washers 17 and the screw / the figure does not show /, which is necessary for the selection of the angle of repeated fixation of the seat 1 with the backrest 3 oriented close to horizontal, and most importantly, for the selection of the magnet attractive force 8 necessary for reliable fixation.

The work of the proposed device is as follows.

, направленное назад /поступательное движение транспортного средства/, такое же ускорение $$\overline{a}c=\overline{a}$$

действует на цент масс С динамической системы сиденье 1-пассажир 4. При этом на каждый элемент системы действует сила инерции $$\overline{F}i=mi\overline{a}i$$

, направленная противоположно ускорениям $$\overline{a}i$$

, то есть вперед. Равнодействующая сил инерции $${\overline{R}}^4=\sum {\overline{F}}^4$$

приложена в центре масс С. При этом на сиденье 1 с пассажиром 4 действует опрокидывающий момент сил инерции, равный по модулю М⁴=R⁴-d. Таким образом, переносом шарнирной опоры 6 на спинку 3 сиденья 1 выше центра масс С на заданную величину d, а также выбором расчетного значения и дальнейшей регулировкой при сборке /см. выше/ отрывного усилия $$\overline{F}$$

магнитов 7 /в данном случае отрывное усилие работает как усилие взаимного сдвига полюсов и направлено по общей касательной к их контактирующим криволинейным поверхностям/. добиваются, чтобы при достижении в процессе аварийного торможения ускорением $${\overline{a}}_c$$

опасной для пассажира 4 инерционной перегрузки опрокидывающий момент М⁴ вокруг оси О 12 шарнира 6 превзошел вместе суммы моментов вращения вокруг данной оси силы $$\overline{F}$$

MF≈F·h, и восстанавливающего момента М^в от веса $$m\overline{g}$$

сиденья 1 с пассажиром 4 М^в=mgв, где в - расстояние по горизонтали между осью вращения 12 и цетром масс С. То есть, при выполнении условия М⁴>M_F+М^в фиксирующая связь в магнитах 7 /сила их магнитного взаимодействия/ нарушается, и сиденье 1 вместе с пассажиром 4 опрокинется в положение с горизонтально ориентированной спинкой 3. Отметим, что в процессе опрокидывания плечо d будет уменьшаться, а величина в наоборот увеличиваться. Однако сиденье 1 уже по инерции, набранной в начале опрокидывания, будет двигаться дальше, тормозящий момент силы $$\overline{F}$$

работать перестанет, и, наоборот, начнет работать момент от силы притяжения магнитов 8. Но при этом в любом случае необходимо для опрокидывания, чтобы в начальный момент после отрыва магнитов 7 момент многократна превышал момент. Следует отметить, что при величинах опасных перегрузок, приведенных в описании к [6], и при конструктивно-технологических параметрах, характерных для типовых сидений с пассажиром, такое превышение составляет 45-50 раз. При необходимости по требованию эксперта заявитель готов представить подробный силовой расчет конструкции с учетом физических и силовых характеристик и конкретных размеров, конкретных марок постоянных магнитов, величин осевых зазоров, тяговых усилий, элективных масс магнитов, их габаритов при требуемых усилиях и т.п. Следует также указать, что конструкция данного устройства разработана для общего случая использования сидений в транспорте, причем, не только в автомобильном. В каждом конкретном случае могут быть сделаны непринципиальные конструктивные изменения и дополнения. Например, для освобождении места впереди или сзади сиденья при его опрокидывании. В частности, в устройстве-прототипе [8] в случае использования предлагаемого сиденья конкретно для водителя предусмотрено синхронное перемещение /утопление/ одновременно с опрокидыванием сиденья рулевой колонки /см. фиг. 21, 22 в описании к [8]/. Нетрудно убедиться, что в данном частном случае предлагаемое заявителем устройство может быть снабжено точно таким же механизмом синхронного перемещения рулевой колонки, только тяга 41, убирающая рулевую колонку с помощью пружины 36 и вилки 38 снабжается магнитным элементом, отталкивающимся от верхнего подвижного постоянного магнита 7 при начале опрокидывания сиденья, и освобождающем вилку 38.During emergency braking of the vehicle, the same linear acceleration acts on each element of the seat 1 with passenger 4 $$\overline{a}i$$

backward / translational movement of the vehicle /, same acceleration $$\overline{a}c=\overline{a}$$

acts on the center of mass C of the dynamic system seat 1-passenger 4. In this case, inertia forces act on each element of the system $$\overline{F}i=mi\overline{a}i$$

opposite to accelerations $$\overline{a}i$$

that is, forward. The resultant of inertia $${\overline{R}}^{\mathrm{four}}=\sum {\overline{F}}^{\mathrm{four}}$$

applied in the center of mass C. In this case, the tipping moment of inertia forces equal to the modulus M ⁴ = R ⁴ -d acts on the seat 1 with the passenger 4. Thus, by transferring the articulated support 6 to the backrest 3 of the seat 1 above the center of mass C by a predetermined value d, as well as the choice of the calculated value and further adjustment during assembly / cm. higher / tear-off effort $$\overline{F}$$

magnets 7 / in this case, the tear-off force works as the force of the mutual pole shift and is directed along the common tangent to their contacting curved surfaces /. ensure that when emergency acceleration is reached during acceleration braking $${\overline{a}}_c$$

dangerous for the passenger 4 inertial overload tipping moment M ⁴ around the axis O 12 of the hinge 6 together exceeded the sum of the moments of rotation around this axis of force $$\overline{F}$$

MF≈F · h, and the recovery moment M ⁱⁿ from weight $$m\overline{g}$$

seat 1 with a passenger 4 M ⁱⁿ = mgв, where in is the horizontal distance between the axis of rotation 12 and the center of mass C. That is, when the condition M ⁴ > M _F + M ⁱⁿ fixing connection in the magnets 7 / the strength of their magnetic interaction / is violated, and the seat 1, together with the passenger 4, will tip over to a position with a horizontally oriented backrest 3. Note that in the process of tipping over, the shoulder d will decrease, and the value will increase on the contrary. However, seat 1 already by inertia gained at the beginning of the rollover will move on, the braking moment of force $$\overline{F}$$

will stop working, and, conversely, the moment will start to work from the attractive force of magnets 8. But in any case, it is necessary for tipping over so that at the initial moment after the separation of magnets 7, the moment is many times higher than the moment. It should be noted that with the values of dangerous overloads given in the description to [6], and with the structural and technological parameters characteristic of typical seats with a passenger, this excess is 45-50 times. If necessary, at the request of an expert, the applicant is ready to submit a detailed power calculation of the structure taking into account physical and power characteristics and specific sizes, specific brands of permanent magnets, axial clearances, traction forces, elective masses of magnets, their dimensions for the required forces, etc. It should also be noted that the design of this device is designed for the general case of using seats in transport, and not only in automobiles. In each case, unprincipled structural changes and additions can be made. For example, to free up space in front or behind the seat when it capsizes. In particular, in the prototype device [8], in the case of using the proposed seat specifically for the driver, synchronous movement / drowning / simultaneously with tipping the steering column seat / see FIG. 21, 22 in the description of [8] /. It is easy to verify that in this particular case the device proposed by the applicant can be equipped with exactly the same mechanism for synchronous movement of the steering column, only the rod 41, which removes the steering column using a spring 36 and a fork 38, is equipped with a magnetic element that repels from the upper movable permanent magnet 7 at the beginning tipping over the seat, and loosening the fork 38.

According to the applicant, it is the application to the creation of the proposed device in comparison with the prototype and analogues of an excellent principle of operation, which consists in using the inertial emergency braking forces themselves, to protect passengers from tipping over, to simplify the device’s design very much and to reduce as a result the response time in a collision and thereby increase the degree of safety of the device.

Claims (1)

A safe vehicle seat containing a mechanism for automatically releasing it from a stationary fixed state at the time of emergency braking of the vehicle, then tipping back around the hinged support installed in the passenger compartment and re-locking in a position with a horizontally oriented backrest, characterized in that the automatic tipping and locking mechanism the seat is made in the form of two pairs of permanent magnets facing in pairs to each other opposite poles wherein one pair of magnets is mounted on top of each other, respectively, on the lower surface of the seat base and the floor of the cabin under the seat with the possibility of adjusting the axial clearance between the opposite poles up to their direct contact, which ensures the separation force of the magnets corresponding to the specified dangerous value of the emergency inertial overload, and with the formation in the contact zone of the poles of the curved surface of rotation of the seat around the axis of the hinge support, another pair of magnets in contact with the horizontal orientation of the seatback is mounted, respectively, on the rear surface of the backrest and the stationary horizontal element of the passenger compartment, and the hinged seat support is also mounted on the backrest above the center of mass of the seat together with a passenger on it.