RU2568654C1 - Method of development of low-commodity kimberlite pipes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises a pit separation into the upper and lower zones, driving of the top zone with removal of the mined rock by a motor transport to the surface of the lower zone by a single high vertical ledge, transportation of diamond-bearing ore in containers according to the vertical layout with transportation to a concentrating plant. The driving of the top zone of the pit is conducted by scrapers with preliminary weakening of semi-rocky kimberlites by rippers, and for driving of the lower zone a deep input trench of external embedding to the bottom level of the top zone of the pit on which the reloading site is created. Ore is excavated by the downward digging excavators with increased cutting force, the extracted ore is loaded into contrailers and transported along the vertical line by the cage elevators down to the reloading site, then by rolling-out they are reloaded into motor transport vehicles with delivery to a diamond extraction factory on tails of which a mini-factory is installed for extraction of small valuable minerals and rare-earth elements.

EFFECT: increase of productivity, decrease of power consumption, increase of well driving speed during drilling of shallow wells in frozen rocks.

3 tbl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and is created in relation to the development of low-volume kimberlite pipes with a low diamond content, the mining of which is carried out by an open method in conditions of permafrost and extreme climate of the North.

A known method of layer-by-layer mining of small kimberlite deposits, including a special drilling device for the destruction of kimberlites with a screw conveyor and a loading device, which in the technological scheme works in combination with a bulldozer-ripper (see LN Fedorov. Layered-borehole method of developing tube-shaped deposits and deep quarry refinement / Actual problems of the development of kimberlite deposits: current status and prospects of solution: Collection of reports of the International scientific editorial conference “Mirny 2001.” - M.: Publishing House “Ore and Metals”, 2002. - 400 p. - S. 352-355).

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity of the device, the limited scope of the method, intended primarily for the development of destroyed half-rock kimberlites in placer deposits.

There is also known a method of developing small kimberlite pipes, including excavation of rock mass in the face, moving it to the surface with multiple transshipment of rocks and ore in special vessels by crane lines across the entire height of the open pit area (see RU No. 2426882, E21C 41/26, publ. 20.08 .2011).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the significant cost of developing the field, caused by repeated transshipment of the rock mass during its movement to the surface.

Closest to the invention in technical essence is a method for the development of small size kimberlite pipes, including mining the upper quarry zone from the exported rock mass to the surface by dump trucks along spiral ramps, and mining the lower zone by a high ledge with a transition to the vertical ore transportation scheme in containers (see Tochilin V.I. Resource-saving technologies for the development of small size kimberlite pipes / Actual problems of the development of kimberlite deposits: current status The charm and prospects of the solution: Collection of reports of the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Mirny 2001.” - M.: Publishing House “Ore and Metals”, 2002. - 400 pp. - S. 346-351).

The main disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of working out a poor commodity kimberlite pipe, due to the laboriousness of constructing a vertical ore transportation scheme, the removal of significant volumes of overburden rocks to ensure planned ore mining, and the lack of complexity in processing poor commodity kimberlites containing, in addition to diamonds, other minerals that are necessary for jewelry and metallurgical welding and other industries.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed, is expressed in increasing the efficiency of the development of poor commodity kimberlite pipes.

The technical effect obtained when solving the problem is expressed in increasing productivity, reducing energy intensity, increasing the rate of well sinking when drilling shallow wells in frozen rocks.

To solve this problem, a method for developing poor-quality kimberlite pipes involves working out the upper pit zone using scrapers with preliminary softening of half-rock kimberlites with rippers, and for working out the lower zone, driving a deep entrance trench of an external laying to the bottom mark of the upper pit zone, on which an loading area is created, ore excavation excavators with lower digging with increased cutting reinforcement, while mined ore is loaded into contrailers and transported vertically Vym overload pad lifts up, and then rolled out contrailers transferred into delivery vehicles almazoizvlekatelnuyu them to the factory, which is set on the tails of the mini-factory for the extraction of valuable minerals small and rare earth elements.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the signs of the prototype and analogues indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty", including:

- the use of the new principle of mining a kimberlite pipe by a combination of scraper and excavator excavation of the rock mass along the depth of the quarry;

- the application for the transportation of kimberlites from the bottom of the excavator to the bunker of the processing plant of new transport vessels-contrailers, accelerating reloading at all stages of the cargo;

- the creation of a new vertical scheme for transporting rock mass in the composition: a piggyback roller on a roller stand - a loading dock - a deep external trench - a dump truck.

The set of features of the claimed invention provides a solution to the claimed technical problem, namely:

- the combination of scraper and excavator excavation of the rock mass reduces the capital and operating costs for mining the kimberlite pipe;

- the use of contrailers on a roller course ensures the efficiency of reloading operations and reduces the downtime of transport;

- the use of a vertical scheme for transporting rock mass with high ledges does not require special mining operations;

- contributes to the reduction of harmful emissions into the environment due to the exclusion of road transport and their technological chain when working out the deep horizons of the quarry.

The claimed solution is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a diagram of the mining of the upper zone of the kimberlite pipe by scrapers; figure 2 is a diagram of the extraction of kimberlites from the lower zone of the quarry by excavators with ore loading into contrailers; figure 3 is a diagram of the placement of equipment in a vertical scheme of lifting rock mass; figure 4 is a design scheme for determining the basic mining and geometrical parameters of the quarry.

The method is as follows.

The mining of the upper zone of the poor commodity kimberlite pipe 1 is carried out by scrapers 2 with preliminary softening of half-rock kimberlites using a blasting method or cultivators. The ore mined in this case is transported to the processing plant, and overburden is stored in the external dumps 3. In the process of mining the upper zone, a steep flank of the quarry 4 with a safety berm 5 is formed (Fig. 1). By the time the upper zone of the quarry is finalized to the design elevation, a deep external trench is laid at this elevation 6. Then, a transshipment platform 7 is built on the waste space. A cage hoist is installed on the vertical high ledge 8. Contrailers 9 with diamond-containing ore are loaded with a lower digger 10 with an increased cutting reinforcement (Fig. 2). At the reloading site 7, the contrailers 9 are scooted overloaded to dump trucks 11, which deliver the ore in contrailers to the processing plant 12. Waste waste from the processing plant (tailings) are stored in the tailing dump 13 of the diamond recovery plant, where a mini-factory 14 is located for the extraction of small valuable minerals (Fig. 3). Thus, due to the simultaneous extraction of small valuable minerals from kimberlites such as garnets, pyrons, platinoids, titanium minerals, thin gold, quartz, pyrite, magnetite, chrome diopside, rare earth elements, etc., the complexity of processing poor-grade kimberlites is achieved. That is, the incidental extraction of small valuable minerals provides additional profit to the diamond mining enterprise, increasing the efficiency of its operation by involving in the development of substandard reserves of kimberlite pipes located in explored territories and standing on the balance of diamond ore reserves.

The technical essence and advantages of the new technical solution are disclosed by the example of working out a poor product pipe during the complex extraction from kimberlites of small valuable minerals present in them by the recommended method.

The initial data for the calculations are as follows:

- the depth of mining poor commodity kimberlite pipe, N ₀ = 100 m;

- the depth of the upper mining zone of the quarry, N ₁ = 30 m;

- the depth of the lower mining zone of the quarry, N ₂ = 70 m;

- the height of the working ledge, h _y = 15 m;

- the slope angle of the ledge, ∝ = 70 °;

- width of the safety berm, W _B = 5 m;

- the diameter of the kimberlite pipe, d = 100 m;

- angle of slope of the bottom of the scraper, β = 10 °;

- the width of the bottom of the entrance trench, W _Tr = 30 m;

- the angle of the entrance trench, i = 5 °.

In FIG. Figure 4 shows the design scheme for determining the main geometrical parameters of a quarry mining. The calculations are performed in the following sequence:

1. The calculation of the volume of rock mass for mining the upper zone of the quarry with scrapers - V _BЗ ,

V _ВЗ = V _АВС + V _ВДЕС + V _ДFE ,

where V _ABC , V _VDES , V _DFE - respectively, the volume of mining in the circuits ABC, VDES, DFE (Fig. 4), composing the volume of the upper zone of the quarry.

These volumes are calculated using the following formulas:

; $$V_{\mathrm{BUT}\mathrm{AT}\mathrm{FROM}}=\frac{d+\left(d+2\times H_{\mathrm{one}}\times ctg\gamma \right)}{\mathrm{four}}\times AB$$

;

AB = H ₁ × ctgβ = 30 × ctg10 ° = 170 m;

; $$ctg\gamma =\frac{2hy\times ctg\alpha +W_B}{H_{\mathrm{one}}}$$

;

. $$ctg\gamma =\frac{2\times \mathrm{fifteen}\times 0.364+5}{\mathrm{thirty}}=0.53$$

.

Substituting the source data we get:

$$V_{ABC}=\frac{\mathrm{one\; hundred}+\left(\mathrm{one\; hundred}+2\times \mathrm{thirty}\times 0.53\right)}{\mathrm{four}}\times \mathrm{thirty}\times 170=295.5ts\mathrm{from}.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

V _DFE = V _ABC = 295.5 thousand m ³ ,

$$V_{\mathrm{AT}DE\mathrm{FROM}}=\frac{d+\left(d+2H_{\mathrm{one}}\times ctg\gamma \right)}{2}\times H_{\mathrm{one}}\times d=\frac{\mathrm{one\; hundred}+\left(\mathrm{one\; hundred}+2\times \mathrm{thirty}\times 0.53\right)}{2}\times \mathrm{thirty}\times \mathrm{one\; hundred}=347.7ts\mathrm{from}.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

V _BZ = 295.5 + 347.7 + 295.5 = 938.7 thousand m ³

2. The calculation of the volumes of the entry trench, passed into the lower zone of the quarry - V _Tr ,

, $$V_{tR}=\frac{W_{tR}+\left(W_{tR}+2\times H_{\mathrm{one}}\times ctg\gamma \right)}{2}\times H_{\mathrm{one}}\times L_{tR}$$

,

where L _tp is the length of the entrance trench, m

L _mp = H ₁ × ctgi = 30 × 11.43 = 343 m,

. $$V_{tR}=\frac{\mathrm{thirty}+\left(\mathrm{thirty}+2\times \mathrm{thirty}\times 0.53\right)}{2}\times \mathrm{thirty}\times 343=472.3ts\mathrm{from}.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

.

3. Calculation of the volumes of mined kimberlite ores:

- production volumes of kimberlites from the upper zone of the quarry - Q _BЗ

$$Q_{\mathrm{AT}3}=\pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)\times H_{\mathrm{one}}=3.14\times {\mathrm{fifty}}^2\times \mathrm{thirty}=235.5ts\mathrm{from}.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

- kimberlite production volumes from the lower pit zone - Q _HЗ

$${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="Q\; N"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">Q\; </figure-callout>}}_N=\pi \left(\frac{d}{2}\right)\times {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="H"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">H</figure-callout>}}_2=3.14\times {\mathrm{fifty}}^2\times 70=549.5ts\mathrm{from}.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

- total production volumes for the development of a poor-commodity kimberlite pipe (reserves) - Q _D

Q _Д = Q _ВЗ + Q _НЗ = 235.5 + 549.5 = 785 thousand m ³

- the volume of stockpiled waste rock - V _p ,

V _p = V _OT -Q _OT = 938.7-235.5 = 703.2 thousand m ³

4. The costs of mining the upper zone of the quarry with a scraper Z _scr is determined by the formula:

Z _SCR = V _OT × S _SCR ,

.where C _scr - the cost of developing 1 m ³ of rocks with a scraper, $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d\mathrm{about}ll$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$m^3$}\right.$$

.

In the calculations, the cost parameters are taken from the literature (see. Technology for the Development of Deep Quarries in Yakutia / AD Androsov, Novosibirsk: Nauka. Siberian Publishing Company RAS, 1996. - 215 s).

With _scr = 1.3 × C _t

(средняя себестоимость разработки по АК «АЛРОСА»).where C _t - the cost of developing 1 m ^{3 of} rock mass during the operation of excavator-car complexes, $$C_t=3.41\raisebox{1ex}{$d\mathrm{about}ll$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$m^3$}\right.$$

(average cost of development for AK ALROSA).

, $${\mathrm{FROM}}_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}R}=1.3\times 3.41=4.43\raisebox{1ex}{$d\mathrm{about}ll$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$m^3$}\right.$$

,

where 1.3 is the cost increase coefficient of the development cost of 1 m ³ of rocks in the permafrost zone during scraper mining.

Then, H _TFR = 938,7 × 4,43 = US $ 4.158 million..

5. The cost of mining the lower zone of the quarry with the recommended vertical pattern of lifting rock mass - Z _n3

З _н3 = Q _н3 × С _vc ,

where C _vs - the cost of developing 1 m ³ rocks with a vertical rock mass lifting scheme, $$\raisebox{1ex}{$d\mathrm{about}ll$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$m^3$}\right.$$

, $${\mathrm{FROM}}_{\mathrm{at}\mathrm{from}}=\mathrm{1,2}\times {\mathrm{FROM}}_t=\mathrm{1,2}\times 3.41=4.1\raisebox{1ex}{$d\mathrm{about}ll$}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$m^3$}\right.$$

,

where 1,2 is the cost increase coefficient of development costs of 1 m ³ of rocks with a vertical lifting pattern.

H _n3 = 549.5 × 4.1 = 2.253 million dollars.

6. The total cost of developing a poor-quality kimberlite pipe with the recommended technology - 3 _rivers

Z _rivers = Z _scr + Z _n3 = 4.158 + 2.253 = 6.41 million dollars

7. The cost of developing a poor-quality kimberlite pipe with traditional technology - W _t :

Z _t = V _gm × S _t ,

where V _GM - the volume of rock mass in the contour of the quarry with the traditional technology of mining the quarry, thousand m ³ . These volumes are calculated using the truncated cone formula.

, $$V_{gm}=\frac{\pi \times H_o}{3}\left[{\left(\frac{D}{2}\right)}^2+{\left(\frac{d}{2}\right)}^2+\frac{D\times d}{2}\right]$$

,

where D is the diameter of the quarry on the surface, m

D = (d × 2 × H _o × ctgγ) + a ,

where γ is the slope angle of the pit side at maturity (accepted in calculations, γ = 45 °);

and - the size of the working platform at the bottom of the quarry for the placement of handling equipment, m ( a = 30 m).

Then the diameter of the quarry on the surface will be equal to

D = (100 + 2 × 200 × 1) + 30 = 330 m.

Respectively,

$$V_{gm}=\frac{3.14\times \mathrm{one\; hundred}}{3}\left[{\left(\frac{330}{2}\right)}^2+{\mathrm{fifty}}^2+165\times \left(\mathrm{fifty}+\mathrm{thirty}\right)\right]=\mathrm{4,494}mln.{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="m"\; filenames="00000017.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}^3$$

From where, the costs with the traditional technology of working out a poor commodity kimberlite pipe will be equal

W _t = 4.494 × 3.41 = 15.3 million dollars.

Consequently, the reduction in costs from the introduction of the recommended technology during the development of one poor-quality kimberlite pipe with a depth of 100 m will be,

Э _З = З _t -З _р = 15.3-6.41 = 8.89 million dollars

8. An additional effect of the introduction of a new mining method will be ensured through the associated extraction of small valuable minerals from poor-commodity kimberlite pipes, such as garnets, pyropes, thin gold, hematite, pyrope, etc.

Table 1 shows the cost indicators contained in kimberlites of small minerals.

In the calculations, due to the lack of reliable geological data, the following values of small valuable minerals contained in one ton were taken, shown in Table 2, which shows that at threshold productivity values of 1 ton of poor commodity kimberlite pipe for rough diamonds equal to $ 50, the total productivity amounted to $ 130. That is, due to the associated extraction of small valuable minerals, such as garnets, pyropes, small diamonds, fine gold, etc., the productivity of 1 ton of kimberlites from poor commodity pipes can be increased to $ 130. or 2.3 times. Then the additional income from the sale of small valuable minerals on the market will be:

D = (130-50) × Q _D = 80 × 0.785 = 62.8 million dollars,

where 130 is the productivity of 1 ton of kimberlites, taking into account the associated extraction of small valuable minerals, dollars;

50 - productivity of 1 ton of kimberlites for rough diamonds, $

Therefore, the expected effect of the introduction of the recommended method when working out one poor-quality kimberlite pipe will be equal to:

E = E _Z + D = 8.89 + 62.8 = 71.7 million dollars.

Table 3 shows the results of calculations of technical and economic indicators from the introduction of the recommended method for working out a poor-quality kimberlite pipe.

Thus, the recommended method will significantly improve the efficiency of mining poor commodity kimberlite pipes due to the integrated processing of poor diamond-containing ores, providing additional profit.

Table 1 The cost of mineral raw materials (in dollars) Fine minerals 10 g packet Bank of 100 g. Jar of 75 ml. Bank of 500 g. Package 1 kg. Gold 500 - - - - Hematite - - 1.3 8 15.0 Green earth light green - - 2 - 21.7 Green earth dark green - - 2.7 14.7 28.3 Limonite - 2,3 - 10.5 20,0 Siderite - - four 20.5 40,0 Shungite - - 1.7 8 15.0

table 2 Productivity of 1 ton of kimberlites taking into account small valuable minerals (in dollars) No. p / p Name of small valuable minerals, incl. small diamonds Productivity one Small diamonds * 50,0 2 Gold 10.0 3 Hematite 9.0 four Green earth light green 8.0 5 Green earth dark green 9.0 6 Limonite 7.0 7 Siderite 4.0 8 Shungite 3.0 9 Other minerals, including grenades, pyrons, pyrite, etc. thirty 10 Total productivity of 1 ton of kimberlites, dollars 130 Note: * - the threshold value of the value of diamonds in a poor commodity kimberlite pipe

Table 3 The expected improvement of technical and economic indicators from the introduction of the recommended method No. p / p The name of indicators Traditional technology Recommended Technology one Pit depth of a poor-quality kimberlite pipe, m 100.0 100.0 2 Slope angle of the quarry side, city. 45 ° 90 ° 3 Ore production volumes, thousand m ³ 785.0 785.0 four The volume of rock mass in the circuit mining quarry, million m ³ 4,494 1.96 5 The volume of recoverable overburden from the quarry, million m ³ 3.71 1,175 6 Expenditures on the development of a poor-commodity kimberlite pipe, million dollars 15.3 6.41 7 Reducing the cost of developing a poor-quality kimberlite pipe, mln. Dollars - 8.89 8 Productivity of 1 ton of poor-quality kimberlite pipe, USD fifty, 130.0 9 Additional income from the sale of small valuable minerals: D = Q ₃ (130-50), million dollars - 62.8 10 The total economic effect of reducing the cost of developing and selling small valuable minerals on the market, mln. Dollars - 71.7

Claims (1)

A method for developing poor-quality kimberlite pipes, including dividing a quarry into upper and lower zones, mining the upper zone with transporting rock to the surface, the lower zone with one high vertical ledge, transporting diamond-containing ore in containers according to the vertical scheme and transporting it to the processing plant, characterized in that the mining of the upper zone of the quarry is carried out by scrapers with preliminary softening of half-rock kimberlites by cultivators, and for mining the lower zone they are deep external entrance trench to the bottom mark of the upper pit zone, where a transshipment platform is created, while ore excavation is carried out by lower digging excavators with increased cutting force, mined ore is loaded into contrailers and transported vertically by hoists to the transshipment platform, then reloaded by rolling to motor vehicles with delivery to a diamond extraction factory, at the tail of which a mini-factory is installed to extract small valuable minerals and rare earth elements.

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