RU2568628C2 - Apparatus for determining motion parameters of asteroid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, navigation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to radar systems which are part of systems for active protection of the Earth from approaching natural and manmade objects. The apparatus includes a ground-based radar station with four receiving antennae and one transmitting antenna, two phase detectors, four information display units, a shift register and an asteroid velocity computing unit. The transmitting unit, which is mounted at the centre of a circle, emits a sawtooth chirp signal. Signals reflected by an asteroid are received by the receiving antennae arranged uniformly along the circle. Motion parameters of the asteroid are determined from detection times and frequencies of difference signals received and generated in the receiving antennae using said radar means.

EFFECT: wider range of radar systems for active protection of the Earth.

Description

The invention relates to systems used to implement complexes of active protection of the Earth from flying objects of natural and artificial origin, approaching the Earth.

It is well known to determine the parameters of the target’s movement (angular coordinates, range, speed and direction of moving the target) using a radar station (radar), for example RSP-6, whose antenna, rotating in azimuth, constantly makes a circular overview of the near-Earth space. Little is known about other radars, and even more so with non-rotating antennas and performing similar functions.

The aim of the invention is to expand the range of radars used to implement complexes of active protection of the Earth.

The goal is achieved by using to determine the motion parameters of the target - an asteroid radar with non-rotating antennas.

A device for determining the parameters of motion of an asteroid contains a frequency radar, which is made in the form of one transmitting module (PDM) and four identical receiving modules (PRM1 ÷ PRM4), each of which is connected in series: a receiving antenna (PRA); a mixer (SM) with a second input, through one of four high-frequency cables (VCHK1 ÷ VChK4) connected to the low-power output of the PDM transmitter; a difference frequency filter (HPF) and a narrow-band frequency spectrum signal detector (GPRS) and an output bus, and a PDM combined with: first and second phase detectors (FD1 and FD2); four information display units (BOI1 ÷ BOI4); the shift register (Rg) and the asteroid velocity calculation unit (BVCA), contains a continuous signal transmitter with frequency modulation according to a one-sided sawtooth linearly increasing law (NLCM signal), the high-power output of which is connected to the transmitting antenna (PDA), and the outputs PRM1, PRM2, PRM3 and PRM4, each, through one of the four VCHK (VChK5 ÷ VChK8), are connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of PD1 and to the first and second inputs of PD2, and the first output of PD1 is connected to the first inputs of BOI1 and BOI4, the second output of PD1 is connected to the first inputs of BOI2 and BOI 3, the first output of PD2 is connected to the second inputs of BOI1 and BOI2, the second output of PD2 is connected to the second inputs of BOI3 and BOI4, and the output of PRM1 is connected to the input Rg, the first output of which is connected: to the third inputs of BOI; the input of the MENA, the second output of Pr is connected to the fourth inputs of the BOI.

Consider the operation of the device for determining the parameters of asteroid motion.

We establish PRA1, PRA2, PRA3, PRA4 PRM1-PRM4 on Earth, on a circle, at equal distance from each other along a circle, with a base L = 20 km distance between diametrically opposite PRA1 and PRA2, as well as PRA3 and PRA4, and in the center of the circle we establish a PDA PDM, through which we will radiate towards the asteroid approaching the Earth with a speed of Vi = 30 km / s, a continuous signal with frequency modulation according to a one-sided ramp law (LFLM) with a frequency f = 100 GHz, modulation frequency Fm = 10 Hz and frequency deviation dfm = 500 MHz. And let the asteroid approach the Earth so that Di ₂ > Di ₄ > Di ₃ > Di ₁ . Then, at the outputs SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 PRM1 ÷ PRM4, after multiplying the emitted and reflected NLFM signals from the asteroid, difference signals with the frequency Fp ₂ > Fp ₄ > Fp ₃ will be generated at Di ₁ + Dj = 30,000 km > Fp ₁ = [(Di ₁ + Dj) Fm × dfm / C] - (2 × Vi × f / C) = 480 MHz.

Further, signals with a frequency of Fp _{1 ÷ 4 are} detected by OSDCH1 ÷ OSDCH4, for example, implemented by the method of patent RU No. 2374597. So, for example, when a constant reference signal with a frequency of 470 MHz is applied to the inputs of the mixers in OSDM1 ÷ OSDM4, the detectors will detect signals with a frequency of 480 MHz - 470 MHz = 10 MHz. Since, in the case under consideration, Di ₂ > Di ₄ > Di ₃ > Di ₁ , short pulses will appear first at the output of OSDCH1, then OSDCH3, then OSDCH4 and, finally, OSDCH2. Moreover, only at the first outputs of FD1 and FD2, for example, microcircuits of the type MS 4044 or MS 12040 (see [1] U. Titze, K. Schenk. Semiconductor circuitry. M., Mir, 1982, p. 495), pulses with a duration of equal to the time t ₁ and t ₂ between the moments of the appearance of short pulses at the outputs of the OSOSCH1 and OSUSCH2 and, respectively, OSUSCH3 and OSUSCH4, which will then arrive, respectively, at the first and second inputs of BOI1.

Any of the four blocks for displaying information about the regions of the fourth part of the hemisphere above the PDA, for example, about every fourth part of the quarter of the hemisphere, can be performed using two reverse shift registers (PPC1 and PPC2), for example, implemented according to the USSR copyright certificate No. 1529291. In this case, the inputs of PPC1 and PPC2 will be the first and second inputs of the BOI, and: the first output of PPC1 will need to be connected to the first inputs of the elements I1, I2 and I ¹ 1, I ¹ 2; the first output of PPC2 will need to be connected to the second inputs of the elements I1, I3 and I ¹ 1, I ¹ 3; the second output of PPC1 will need to be connected to the first inputs of the elements I3, I4 and I ¹ 3, I ¹ 4; the second PPC2 output will need to be connected to the second inputs of the elements I2, I4 and I ¹ 2, I ¹ 4, and the third inputs of the elements I1, I2, I3, I4, as well as the elements I ¹ 1, I ¹ 2, And ¹ 3 , AND ¹ 4, it will be necessary to connect, respectively, to the third and fourth inputs of BOI1, and to the outputs of each of the elements И1, И2, И3, И4 and И ¹ 1, И ¹ 2, И ¹ 3, И ¹ 4, connect the LEDs and four cells of read-only memory (YaPZU1 ÷ YaPZU4 or YaPZU ¹ 1 ÷ YaPZU ¹ 4). Then, when an asteroid is detected in the closest area to a selected point on Earth, the LED connected to the output of I1 or I ¹ 1 will light up, and when it is detected in the farthest area, the LED connected to the output of I4 or I ¹ 4, etc. . And from YaRZU, in which information was preliminarily recorded on the ranges (Di and Dj), azimuth and location angle of a particular asteroid detection area relative to the location of the antennas, information can be automatically written off, for example, to determine the asteroid lead point at active way to protect the earth.

Simultaneously with the arrival of pulses to the first and second inputs of BOI1 to its third input and then to the third inputs of the elements I1, I2, I3, I4, a high potential will come from the first output Pr, transferred to this state by the pulse from the output of the OSUSCH1 PRM1. Obviously, at the smallest t ₁ and t _{2, a} high potential will appear only at the first and second inputs and output I1 BOI1, and at the largest t ₁ and t ₂ only at the first and second inputs and output I4 BOI1, let the output I1 . At the same time, the LED at the output I1, which characterizes the beginning of the vector of the direction of motion of the asteroid, will light up, and at the outputs of the YaPZU ₁ 1 Я YaPZU ₁ 3 information will be displayed on the range, azimuth and elevation angle of the area of the asteroid detection space, i.e. its coordinates.

, а на выходах смесителей в ОСУСЧ1÷ОСУСЧ4 сигналы частотой 470 МГц - 460 МГц = 10 МГц и на выходах ОСУСЧ короткие импульсы, под действием которых на первых выходах ФД1 и ФД2 вновь появятся импульсы длительностью, равной времени $$t^1{}_1$$

и $$t^1{}_2$$

, между моментами появления коротких импульсов на выходах ОСУСЧ1 и ОСУСЧ2 и соответственно ОСУСЧ3 и ОСУСЧ4, которые далее поступят, соответственно, на первый и второй входы БОИ1. Одновременно с этим на четвертый вход БОИ1 и далее на третьи входы элементов И¹1, И¹2, И¹3, И¹4 поступит высокий потенциал со второго выхода Рг, переведенного в это состояние вторым импульсом с выхода ОСУСЧ1 ПРМ1. Очевидно также, что при самых малых t₁ и t₂ высокий потенциал появится только на первом и втором входах и выходе И¹1 БОИ1. При этом загорится светодиод на выходе И¹1, характеризующий конец вектора направления движения астероида, и на выходах ЯПЗУ¹1÷ЯПЗУ¹4 появится информация о дальностях, азимуте и угле места второй области пространства обнаружения астероида, т.е. его очередные координаты. Очевидно, что светодиоды можно в пространстве расположить так, что сделанный с их применением, например, макет будет отражать картину перемещения астероида.After the asteroid flies further for some time t ₃ , at the outputs SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4 PRM1 ÷ PRM4, after multiplying the emitted and reflected from the asteroid NLFM signals, signals with the frequency $$F{p}_{\mathrm{one}}>F{p}^{\mathrm{one}}{}_2>F{p}^{\mathrm{one}}{}_{\mathrm{four}}>F{p}^{\mathrm{one}}{}_3>F{p}^{\mathrm{one}}{}_{\mathrm{one}}=[(D{i}^{\mathrm{one}}{}_{\mathrm{one}}+D{j}^{\mathrm{one}})Fm\times dfm/C]-(2\times Vi\times f/C)=460MGc$$

and at the outputs of the mixers in SOSCH1 ÷ SUSCH4 signals with a frequency of 470 MHz - 460 MHz = 10 MHz and at the outputs of the SSSCH are short pulses, under the action of which pulses of a duration equal to time again appear on the first outputs of PD1 and PD2 $$t^{\mathrm{one}}{}_{\mathrm{one}}$$

and $$t^{\mathrm{one}}{}_2$$

, between the moments of the appearance of short pulses at the outputs OSUSCH1 and OSUSCH2 and, respectively, OSUSCH3 and OSUSCH4, which will then arrive, respectively, at the first and second inputs of BOI1. At the same time, the fourth input BOI1 and then to the third inputs of the elements I ¹ 1, I ¹ 2, I ¹ 3, and ¹ 4 will receive a high potential from the second output Pr, transferred to this state by the second pulse from the output of OSUSCH1 PRM1. It is also obvious that at the smallest t ₁ and t ₂ high potential appears only at the first and second inputs and output AND ¹ 1 BOI1. In this case, the LED on the output AND ¹ 1, characterizing the end of the asteroid’s directional direction vector, will light up, and information on the ranges, azimuth and elevation angle of the second region of the asteroid detection space will appear at the outputs of the YAGES ¹ 1 ÷ YAMA ¹ 4; i.e. its next coordinates. Obviously, the LEDs can be arranged in space so that made with their use, for example, the layout will reflect the picture of the movement of the asteroid.

In addition, a pulse of duration t ₃ and proportional to Vi from the first output Pr is fed to the BVCA, where the asteroid speed is determined by known methods (for example, counting counting pulses of a known frequency for time t ₃ ).

Claims (1)

A device for determining the parameters of motion of an asteroid containing a frequency radar, characterized in that the frequency radar is made in the form of one transmitting module (PDM) and four identical receiving modules (PRM1 ÷ PRM4), each of which is a series-connected receiving antenna (PRA), a mixer (SM) with a second input, through one of four high-frequency cables (VChK1 ÷ VChK4) connected to the low-power output of the PDM transmitter, a difference frequency filter (HPF), a narrow-band spectrum signal detector from (SOSCH) and the output bus, and the PDM, combined with the first and second phase detectors (PD1 and PD2), four information display units (BOI1 ÷ BOI4), a shift register (Pr) and an asteroid speed calculation unit (BVCA), contains a transmitter a continuous signal with frequency modulation according to a one-sided sawtooth linearly increasing law (NLFM signal), the high-power output of which is connected to a transmitting antenna (PDA), and the outputs PRM1, PRM2, PRM3 and PRM4, each connected through one of four VCHK (VChK5 ÷ VChK8) are connected , respectively, to the first and second at the inputs of PD1 and to the first and second inputs of PD2, with the first output of PD1 connected to the first inputs of BOI1 and BOI4, the second output of PD1 connected to the first inputs of BOI2 and BOI3, the first output of PD2 connected to the second inputs of BOI1 and BOI2, the second output of PD2 connected to the second inputs of BOI3 and BOI4, as well as the output of PRM1 are connected to the input of Pr, the first output of which is connected to the third inputs of the BOI, the input of the BCAA, and the second output of Rg is connected to the fourth inputs of the BOI.