RU2567959C2 - Mobile charcoal complex uvk-m - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: process engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to resin industry and can be used for production of charcoal at complex recovery of off-brand wood and wood wastes of woodworking. Proposed complex is composed of two parallel work flows at rail guides 1, furnace 6, car-type pyrolysis chambers, two sites 3 of cooling, sealing and unsealing of pyrolysis chambers, two sites 4 of stock loading and charcoal unloading. Besides, there are two heat insulating boxes 5 to house four pyrolysis chambers arranged on both sides. Case of heat insulating box 5 does not contact with furnace and pyrolysis gases. Car-type pyrolysis chambers have box-like cases fitted on axles offset on journals. Furnace 6 is communicated via two hoses with chimney. Joints between hoses and chimney are composed of axially symmetric sliding locks.

EFFECT: improved ergonomics, efficient use of pyrolysis gas heat energy, ruled out use of power from main power systems.

4 dwg

Description

Known carbon-burning furnaces [1, 2] (patents No. 2151785, No. 2235752), including an outer heat-insulating casing separated by an air cavity and an inner case made of high heat-conductive metal and equipped with a loading door, a removable container with wood is mounted on the trolley in the volume of the inner case of furnaces . Known charcoal kiln [3] (patent No. 2256686), containing thermally insulated pyrolysis and drying chambers for installing containers with wood, a firebox, a diffuser, a pipe with a blower and a cooler.

The disadvantages of these inventions include:

- the mandatory presence of loading and unloading, lifting mechanisms and electric motors that are powered from the mains;

- the circulation of the combustion and pyrolysis gases occurs in the volume of the heat-insulating casing, which places high demands on its design and degree of sealing.

Known charcoal kiln [4] (patent No. 2175977), containing a box-shaped case with a hatch in the end part, a box-shaped loading unit and mesh containers placed therein for loading raw materials, a furnace.

The disadvantages of this invention include:

- the presence of a discharge fan to provide and maintain traction;

- organization of circulation of combustion and pyrolysis gases in the volume of the insulating casing;

- pyrolysis gases are not disposed of;

- oven with interruption of the cycle of action.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a carbon-burning furnace "UP EURO" [5] (see the website http://www.kanacorp.ru), which consists of two heat-insulated chambers, in the lower part connected to the combustion chamber, and in the middle part - between each other, in which trolleys with wood are placed. The coolant is supplied to the feedstock through the walls of the trolleys. This technical solution uses the principle of burning pyrolysis gases in a combustion chamber and using their thermal energy in a parallel chamber when drying another batch of raw materials.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include:

- the principle of circulation of combustion and pyrolysis gases in the internal volume of the heat-insulating casing, similar to the above, which accordingly complicates the design of the sealing elements;

- the intense thermal regime of the structure requires maintenance personnel to use special protective equipment when removing containers from the furnace.

The invention relates to the field of chemical production and is intended for charcoal in the integrated utilization of substandard wood and wood waste from wood processing industries.

The aim of the invention is to improve the ergonomic characteristics of the process of obtaining charcoal with high quality of the final product, the efficient use of thermal energy of pyrolysis gases in the carbonization process, the practical exception, at all stages of the process, the use of energy from main power systems.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a carbohydrate complex, FIG. 2 - construction of a pyrolysis chamber of a trolley type, in FIG. 3 is a diagram of a heat-insulating pencil case with a pyrolysis chamber in its volume; FIG. 4 is a connection diagram of a furnace block with pyrolysis chambers.

A schematic diagram of a carbon-burning complex (Fig. 1) is represented by elements arranged along parallel-mounted rail guides (1) and includes: a drying and pyrolysis site (2), two platforms for cooling, depressurization and sealing of the pyrolysis chambers (3), two sites for loading raw materials and unloading charcoal (4). Trolley-type pyrolysis chambers that sequentially occupy positions on platforms according to the technological process move along the rail guides. At the site (2), pyrolysis chambers are installed in heat-insulating canisters (5) and connected to the combustion chamber (6). At sites (3), the pyrolysis chambers undergo a cooling stage, after which their covers are removed (depressurization) using hand winches (7). After unloading charcoal at sites (4), the pyrolysis chambers are loaded with wood and moved to platform (3), where a lid is installed and sealed on them.

Four movable pyrolysis chambers of the trolley type (Fig. 2) have a box-shaped metal case (8), which on two axes is eccentrically mounted in pins (9), which are rigidly fixed by supporting posts on the trolley base (10). Inside the chamber, a perforated collector (11) is attached to the end wall, which is designed to distribute the current of the flue gases entering the chamber with the gate open (12). The internal volume of the casing is divided by a partition (13) into two equal parts, into which prepared wood is laid conditionally shown in Fig. 2. The partition has a partial perforation to align the heat flux throughout the chamber volume. The camera body is closed by a cover (14) and sealed around the perimeter by sand filling (15). The chamber cover has a branched perforation and a corresponding collector (16) with a gate (17) for the vapor-gas mixture to exit the chamber at the stage of wood drying. On the side wall of the chamber body there is a tubular flue (18) with a valve (19) connected to the internal volume of the chamber through which the pyrolysis gases, at the stage of their formation, are sent to the furnace with the aim of burning them and extracting additional thermal energy. Between the laying platform (20) and the bottom of the chamber, a prismatic volume is organized for accumulating the liquid fraction from wood pyrolysis, which at a certain time is drained through the drain hole and disposed of. The thermal regime inside the chambers is controlled by the readings of thermocouples installed in the camera body (21).

Two heat-insulating canisters (5) (Fig. 1) isolate the pyrolysis chambers installed in them from the external environment and are designed to reduce heat losses during the drying and pyrolysis of wood. The prismatic frame of the heat-insulating pencil case (Fig. 3) is sheathed inside and outside by sheet metal, and the volume between the sheets is filled with non-combustible heat-insulating material (22). The end walls of the canisters have flaps (23) through which the pyrolysis chambers are installed in two directions. The side wall of the canisters facing the firebox has a technological window through which the articulation of the structural elements and the control of the slide gate valve (12) and the valve (19), which is closed by the shutter (24), are controlled. The gate valve (17) is controlled through the technological hole with the lever (25). A cylindrical channel is made in the upper wall of the canisters through which the collector of the cap of the pyrolysis chamber (16) is docked with an axisymmetric chimney movable locking device (26). Thus, the case of a heat-insulating pencil case does not come into contact with flue and pyrolysis gases. The chimney (27) consists of separate cylindrical sections and is mounted on a pedestal base (28).

The furnace block in connection with the pyrolysis chambers (Fig. 4) is a metal firebox lined with refractory bricks (29), from which two gas ducts in the form of two heat-insulated furnace hoses are allotted. The flues at the joints of the furnace hoses (30, 33) and the chimney (27) are made in the form of axisymmetric movable locking devices. The left sleeve (30) with a gate (31) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber with a movable locking device (32), the right sleeve (33) with a gate (34) is connected to the pyrolysis chamber by a movable locking device (35). A pyrolysis gas duct pipe with a faucet (36) is mounted in the front wall of the furnace.

The process of obtaining charcoal in the proposed charcoal complex is as follows. The pyrolysis chambers at the loading platforms (4) are filled with pre-prepared wood and are advanced to the area (3) for the installation of covers and their sealing. The covers (14) are installed using hand winches (7) and are sealed around the perimeter by sand filling (15). The prepared trolleys are advanced inside the heat-insulating pencil cases (5), where their position is fixed coaxially with the gas ducts. The casement shutters are closed (23) and through the technological windows the flue system is connected and thermocouples are connected.

With open (31, 12, 17) and closed (34) slide gate valves, firewood is ignited in the firebox (29) and the stage of wood drying begins. Flue gases through a tubular sleeve (30) enter the pyrolysis chamber, through the perforated collector (11), according to the laws of current, they fill the chamber volume and, when cooled, are discharged into the atmosphere as a vapor-gas mixture.

After the completion of the drying stage and the loss of bound moisture in the wood in the first chamber, the beginning of the wood carbonization stage is monitored according to thermocouples. From this moment, the gate valve (31) closes, the valve (36) opens and the gate valve (17) shuts off the current of the chimney (27). Until the end of the process of decomposition of wood, pyrolysis gases are sent through a tubular duct (18) to the furnace (29). The heat flow from the combustion of pyrolysis gases through the furnace sleeve is directed to a parallel chamber with open gate valves (34, 12, 17), in which the wood is dried.

The completion of the release of pyrolysis gases, as shown by the cessation of their combustion in the furnace, indicates the completion of the pyrolysis process and the readiness of coal. After that, through the technological window (24), the gate valve (12) and the valve (19) of the tubular duct are closed. With these actions, the pyrolysis chamber is sealed, in which the pyrolysis process is completed. A conclusion is made from the joint of movable locking devices (26, 32) and the flexible heat-resistant sleeve at the crane is disconnected (19). The flaps (23) of the heat-insulating canister are opened and, using a special grip, the pyrolysis chamber is rolled out to the place of cooling and removal of the lid. Coal unloading at the site (4) is carried out by tipping by turning the housing of the pyrolysis chamber in the pins (9) to a horizontal position.

The next pyrolysis chamber with prepared raw materials is installed on the vacant space in the heat-insulating pencil case (5), having carried out the previously described operations.

The process control in a parallel pyrolysis chamber is carried out according to a similar scheme. At the stage of intermediate actions, combustion in the furnace is not interrupted, but is supported by the laying of firewood. Thus, the controlled process ensures the continuous operation of the entire carbohydrate complex.

List of references

1. Coal burning furnace. Description of the invention to patent RU 2151785 C1, 06/27/2000.

2. Carboniferous furnace with heat flow regulator. Description of the invention to patent RU 2235752 C1, 09/10/2004.

3. Coal burning furnace. Description of the invention to patent RU 2256686 C1, 20.07.2005.

4. Coal burning furnace. Description of the invention to patent RU 2175977 C1, 11/20/2001.

5. Coal burning furnace "UP EURO". Short description and basic technical data, http://www.kanacorp.ru.

Claims (1)

A mobile carbon-burning complex, including a furnace, pyrolysis chambers of a carriage type, a cooling platform, sealing and depressurization of pyrolysis chambers, a loading platform for raw materials and unloading charcoal, characterized in that it is organized in two parallel working streams on rail guides, contains two cooling platforms, sealing and depressurization of pyrolysis chambers, two sites for loading raw materials and unloading charcoal, as well as two heat-insulating canisters, in which two directions are installed four pyrolysis chambers are mounted, and the case of the heat-insulating canister does not come into contact with flue and pyrolysis gases, the trolley-type pyrolysis chambers are made with box bodies, which are eccentrically mounted in axles on two axes, the furnace device is connected by means of two hoses to the chimney, and the joints of the arms and the chimney is made in the form of axisymmetric movable locking devices.

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