RU2566443C1 - Method of application of arboricides when felling trees of soft-wooded broadleaved species - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to forestry and can be used to suppress creeping-rooted ability and rejuvenation capacity of soft-wooded broadleaved species. The trees are cut down with a gas chainsaw, with oil-arboricide mixture poured preliminary to the container for oil, intended for lubrication of the gas chainsaw chain, and it is possible to apply the vertical cuts on the peripheral surface of the stump formed in the area of the cambium for better penetration of the arboricide into the guide system of the cut tree.

EFFECT: method provides improved productivity and increase in the area of treatment.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to forestry and can be used to suppress root sprouting and overgrowth ability of soft-leaved trees.

A device for destroying or treating shrubs is known, which contains a reservoir with an injection solution, characterized in that it contains a hollow needle connected to the reservoir so that the reservoir is higher than the needle (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 80650, publ. 02.20.2009 g.).

A known method of introducing liquid preparations under the bark of a tree when destroying unwanted woody vegetation, which involves striking a tree trunk with a special ax - an injector. When hitting a tree, the spring-loaded piston of the ax moves down, and a portion of the drug enters the chamber from the tank through the inlet valve. When the spring-loaded piston returns to its original position, the drug from the chamber through the exhaust valve and the holes of the blade is pushed into the notch on the tree trunk (RF patent No. 2208313, published on July 20, 2003).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that for the work requires a special device, in addition, when working with such a tool is not achieved high performance.

The closest technical solution, chosen by the applicant as a prototype, is a method of reducing the overgrowth ability of soft-leaved species, including sawing trees and then applying a solution of arboricide to the peripheral part of the stump in the cambium area with a brush or sprayer immediately after cutting the tree (Martynov A.N. et al. The use of roundup in forestry, St. Petersburg: SPbNIIILH, 1996, p.19).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that for safety reasons when felling trees in the feller’s work area, it is forbidden to be outsiders (an area within a radius of 50 m is considered a dangerous zone), therefore, for processing stumps, it is necessary to periodically stop the work of the feller for processing with arboricide, because . the effect of making the drug decreases sharply one hour after cutting.

The technical task of the proposed method is the suppression of root shoots and root shoots.

EFFECT: increased cultivated area and increased productivity.

The technical problem is achieved in that a method of suppressing the overgrowth ability of soft-leaved species, including sawing trees with a chainsaw and simultaneously applying a solution of arboricide to a cut, first pouring the arboricidal oil mixture into a standard container designed to lubricate the chainsaw chain. Additionally, it is possible to apply vertical cuts on the peripheral surface of the formed stump in the cambium region, for the best penetration of arboricide into the conductive system of the sawn tree.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features:

- make the sawing of trees with a chainsaw before pouring the oil-arboricidal mixture into the oil tank, designed to lubricate the chainsaw chains;

- additionally apply vertical cuts on the peripheral surface of the formed stump in the cambium region.

Therefore, we can assume that the claimed invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

The invention can be carried out using known equipment, therefore, it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

When using a chainsaw, the mixture of oil and arboricide is uniformly fed to the saw chain and then to the sawn surface, which has a high roughness, in addition, additional vertical cuts provide an increase in the supplied volume of arboricide, which ensures sufficient penetration of the drug into the wood conductive system. When conducting patent information research, the claimed combination of features was not identified, therefore, the claimed invention meets the criterion of "inventive step".

Injection is the application of nicks (notches) at the base of tree trunks into which a solution of arboricide is injected. Moving along the conducting system up into the crown of the tree, arboricide causes the leaves to dry out, and then the ground part of the tree dies. Many arboricides are able to enter the root systems and cause the death of not only the crown and bast, but also prevent the vegetative renewal of hardwoods (Interim Guidelines for the Injection of Arboricides into Hardwood Trunks to Prevent Their Renewal at Felling (approved by Rosleskhoz on July 13, 1998).

Suggested drugs

Roundup - the active substance N - phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate), is available in the form of a 36% aqueous solution, has low toxicity for warm-blooded animals. LD-50 for rats 4900 mg / kg. It is recommended to combat the vegetative renewal of aspen, birch, gray alder.

Glyphosate preparations are used undiluted and are characterized by rapid action. Drying and falling of leaves begins 14-20 days after the injection and proceed almost simultaneously, causing uniform damage to the entire crown of the tree. Equally effective for injections throughout the growing season. When injected in the first half of summer, the bast of deciduous trees dies in the subsequent winter period, and when injected in the second half, only in the next spring. If more than 90% of the foliage dries, by the end of the season the crown will not be restored for the next year.

When glyphosate is injected into the base of the trunk, it actively moves to the root systems, preventing the appearance of root offspring after cutting trees.

Arsenal - the active substance is 2-4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imazolin-2-ilnicotinic acid (imazapyr). Available as a 25% aqueous solution. Low toxicity for warm-blooded animals. LD-50 for rats over 5000 mg / kg. It is recommended to combat the vegetative renewal of aspen, birch, gray alder. It is characterized by slow arboricidal action. Leaves begin to dry out 35-45 days after the injection. Leaf decay occurs simultaneously with drying. When injected in the second half of the growing season, visible damage is not observed until the fall of the leaves, however, by the spring of next year, the trees also die.

Arsenal actively enters the root systems of trees and effectively suppresses the overgrowth ability of hardwood. Efficiency reaches 98-100%. It is used in very low doses, which is superior to roundup. It is recommended for dilution with water in a ratio of 1: 3 (6% working solution).

The parameters under which dying of at least 95% of the processed deciduous trees is achieved are shown in table 1. The roundup is used undiluted, the arsenal is diluted with water in order to save the drug. Notches are applied evenly around the perimeter of the trunk. The distance between the notches depends on the arboricide used. Less commonly, incisions are made when injecting an arsenal. 1 ml of a working solution of arboricide is introduced into each notch. Table 1 shows the application parameters of arboricides.

Table 1 Arboricide application parameters Name of arboricide Water dilution ratio The distance between the centers of the notches along the diameter of the barrel, cm Aspen Roundup 1-0 twenty Arsenal 1: 3 thirty Birch Roundup 1-0 twenty Arsenal 1: 3 thirty Alder Roundup 1-0 thirty Arsenal 1: 3 fifty

Note: the flow rate of the working solution is 1 ml per notch, the notch width is 4 cm, the injection time is June-August.

Studies have shown that not only the dose, the injection time, but also the length of the period before cutting the stand is important for the effective suppression of root sprouting and shoot growth of hardwood. The initial timing of tree felling is no earlier than 3-4 months after the injection. It is not recommended to leave treated aspen trees on the vine for more than two years, and birch and alder for more than nine months.

Example

The Stihl chainsaw is equipped with an “Ematic” automatic chain lubrication system, which is specifically designed for Oilomatic chain saws. This system provides directional lubricant supply, while optimally lubricating the chain and increasing its service life.

To lubricate chains, chainsaw manufacturers are advised to use special oils containing adhesive additives to keep the oil on the chain. Forest managers often replace them with others - transmission or motor. Oil is poured into the tank at the same time as fueling.

The ratio of the capacity of the tanks for fuel and oil is selected in such a way that when the fuel is completely depleted, a little oil remains in the oil tank.

To check the operation of the chain lubrication system, a tire with a rotating chain is brought to some bright surface (fresh cut, for example). If a splash trail of oil appears on the cutting surface, then the system is operating normally (Fig. 1. Checking the operation of the chain lubrication system). The performance of some pumps can be changed manually using the adjusting screw.

The chain requirement for oil varies depending on the situation. A large cut length, hard, dry wood and thick bark require an increased amount of oil. Short cuts, soft and moist wood require less oil.

Chain lubrication system in Stihl chainsaws.

The Ematic chain continuous lubrication system (Fig. 2) consists of an Ematic guide rail, an Oilomatic saw chain, and an adjustable-flow oil pump. The special design of the tire and chain makes every drop of oil get exactly where it is needed for lubrication. This allows optimum oil consumption for chain lubrication. Lubrication pump with adjustable feed quantity allows precise dosing of oil according to need. The transparent oil tank and its cover, which opens without a tool, provide simple and convenient control of the oil level.

For automatic continuous lubrication of the saw chain and guide bar, only environmentally friendly, high-quality chain lubrication oil is used - mainly STIHL Bioplus biodegradable oil. Biological chain lubricant has sufficient anti-aging properties (e.g. STIHL Biopilus).

Table 2 shows the data after studies on the compatibility of oils and arboricides.

table 2 Oil and arboricide compatibility Arboricide Oil 1
(mineral oil M8B SAE 20) Oil 2 (mineral oil SAE 10W30) Oil 3
(semi-synthetic oil SAE 10W40) Effect Roundup + + + Fixed dying Arsenal + + + Fixed dying

Studies also show that it is not allowed to store the finished arboricidal-oil mixture for more than 1 day, since the effectiveness of glyphosphate on plant tissue is reduced. It is recommended to prepare the working mixture directly on the day of use.

Calculation of the application rate of arboricidal-oil mixture for a guaranteed decrease in the overgrowth ability of aspen trees.

With a tree diameter of 20 cm, 3 ml of arboricide must be added, the trunk cross-sectional area is 0.031 m ² , therefore, 96.77 ml of arboricide must be added per 1 m ² . Calculation of the required amount of arboricide for a particular stand can be made according to the standard table of the sums of cross-sectional areas and reserves. The standard oil consumption for the lubrication of chains for the Shtil and Huskvarna chainsaws when felling in the summer is 0.15 kg per 1 m ^{3 of} harvested wood (average whip volume 0.5-0.75 m ³ ). The required consumption of arboricide is 17.9 ml per 1 m ^{3 of} harvested wood, for calculations we take a value of 20 ml, therefore, to prepare the arboricidal-oil mixture, the following proportion must be observed: 150 ml of arboricide per 1 kg of oil.

Table 3 shows the data of the dependence of the cross-sectional area of stands and the volume of arboricide (Sverdlovsk region, 2013, species: birch, aspen).

Table 3 Stand height, m Birch Aspen Cross-sectional area of stands, m ² Stock, m ³ / ha Arboricide volume, ml Cross-sectional area of stands, m ² Stock, m ³ / ha Arboricide volume, ml 5 13.6 40 1316.07 13.7 40 1325.75 6 14.3 40 1383.81 14.8 fifty 1432,20 7 15.0 fifty 1451.55 15.9 60 1538.64 8 15.7 60 1519.29 17.1 70 1654.77 9 16,4 70 1587.03 18.2 90 1761.21 10 17.1 80 1654.77 19.3 one hundred 1867.66 eleven 17.8 90 1722.51 20,4 BY 1974.11 12 18.5 one hundred 1790.25 21.5 130 2080.56 13 19.3 120 1867.66 22.6 140 2187.00 fourteen 20,2 130 1954.75 237 160 22934.49 fifteen 21.1 140 2041.85 24.8 180 2399.90 16 22.0 160 2128.94 25.8 190 2496.67 17 23.0 180 2225.71 27.0 210 2612.79 eighteen 23.9 190 2312.80 28.0 230 2709.56 19 25.0 210 2419.25 29.3 250 2835.36 twenty 26.2 230 2535.37 30.3 280 2932.13 21 27.3 250 2641.82 31,4 300 3038.58 22 28.6 280 2767.62 32,4 320 3135.35 23 29.8 300 2883.75 j j, j 350 3241.80 24 31,0 320 2999.87 34.7 370 3357.92 25 32.1 350 3106.32 35.7 400 3454.69 26 33.1 370 3203.09 35.9 420 3474.04 27 34.0 400 3290,18 37.9 450 3667.58

To reliably suppress the overgrowth ability of aspen trees, it is possible to apply additional vertical cuts to the peripheral surface of the formed stump in the cambium region with a depth of 1-2 cm (Fig. 3) to ensure that arboricide enters the conductive tissue of the tree.

Preparation of a mixture of oil and arboricides for refueling a chainsaw.

1. Thoroughly clean the tank shut-off device and surroundings so that no dirt enters the tank.

2. Install the chainsaw so that the tank closure is facing up.

3. Open the tank shut-off device.

4. Pour the mixture of oil and arboricide into the tank for chain lubrication.

5. Fill the prepared mixture of oil for chain lubrication and arboricide every time when refueling.

The saw chain discards a certain amount of lubricating oil, so when felling a tree, a mixture of oil and arboricide falls onto the stump surface. Regulation of the amount of oil supply to the chain and the use of less viscous oils can increase the amount of mixture supplied to the chain, which will allow you to adjust the dose of the drug when felling trees.

Thus, the claimed invention allows to increase the processing area.

Claims (2)

1. A method of suppressing the overgrowth ability of soft-leaved species, including sawing trees with a simultaneous application of a solution of arboricide on a cut, characterized in that the sawing of trees is carried out with a chainsaw, first pouring the oil-arboricidal mixture into an oil tank designed to lubricate the chainsaw chain. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that they additionally apply vertical cuts on the peripheral surface of the formed stump in the cambium region for the best penetration of arboricide into the conductive system of the sawn tree.

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