RU2566310C1 - Fire-extinguishing tanker - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: in the fire-extinguishing tanker comprising a cistern placed on the basis of the car with the gas exhaust system, flue tubes, pump heating device with exhaust gases and the chimney, additionally comprises a switching valve and a metering tank, the cistern is made doublecase, and the flue tubes and the chimney are located in the intercase space, the flue tubes are connected to the gas exhaust system through the switching valve made three-positioned with the possibility of connecting an external source of hot gases to it, the outer casing of the cistern is made heat-insulated, the intercase space is made with the ability of filling it with nonfreezing liquid, the cork of the filler neck of the intercase space is provided with a safety valve, and the dispenser is placed in the filler neck of the cistern intercase space.

EFFECT: increased working capacity of fire-extinguishing tankers in winter.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to fire extinguishing installations and is aimed at improving the efficiency of protection against fire of transported conventional and special cargoes.

Fire trucks are known, including a water tank located on the basis of a truck, a heating device for a tank and a pump with exhaust gases of a tank engine [see B.L. Kulakovsky, V.I. Makhanko, A.V. Kuznetsov: Fire engines Rescue and special vehicles, Minsk, UE "Technotrans", 2003, p. 58-59]. The main advantages of such fire tankers are the simplicity of their design, reliable operation and ease of operation.

However, analog solutions have a number of drawbacks that do not allow their use in the winter for long-term escort of special goods transported by road. The ratio of the heat transfer energy through the area of the tank casing and the energy supplied by the exhaust gases to the bottom of the tank, with poor thermal conductivity of the water and the relatively large distance between the tank heating device and the side surfaces of its tank, does not prevent the freezing of water in the tank. This drawback is especially noticeable with a low developed engine power during various loading and unloading operations with special loads, when the presence of a fire tank truck is necessary. In this case, the operation of the engine of the tanker at idle cannot provide sufficient exhaust gas energy for heating the entire thickness of the water in the tank. In addition, the method used in analog solutions for maintaining the positive temperature of the water in the tank by heating the bottom of the tank is not rational in the temperature range of the water in the tank (0 ... 4) ° C. In this temperature range, with increasing temperature, the density of water increases, which prevents the heating of water due to convective heat transfer. Warmer water at the heated bottom of the tank will not “float”, which will lead to freezing of water in the upper part of the tank.

The noted drawbacks can partially be eliminated in a tanker truck made as a bitumen truck, including a tank placed on the truck’s base with a heating system containing kerosene burners and flame tubes and a chimney placed inside the tank [see I.A. Zasov, G.D. Romanyuk, M.G. Butovchenko: Machines and equipment for urban utilities. Directory. - M., Stroyizdat, 1994, p. 48-49] (prototype).

Sufficient power for kerosene burners to heat the contents of the tank requires a significant supply of kerosene, which is not included in the list of fuels and lubricants for fire engines. In addition, the functional duties of the fire truck crew are becoming more complicated: the fire brigade, in addition to its responsibilities for supplying water to the ignition site, will have to service kerosene burners, avoiding the burning of flame tubes when emptying the tank. If the kerosene supply for burners is used up, it becomes impossible to avoid failure of a tank filled with water.

The objective of the claimed invention is to eliminate the noted drawbacks, namely, providing the possibility in winter to include in a convoy transporting special cargoes a fire truck without the risk of damage to the tank and without expanding the functional responsibilities of the fire brigade.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a well-known fire truck containing a tank located on the base of a car with a gas exhaust system, heat pipes, a device for heating the pump with exhaust gases and a chimney, an additional switching valve and a dispenser are additionally included, the tank is made of two-body, and the chimneys and chimney placed in the inter-housing space, the flame tubes are connected to the gas exhaust system through a switching valve made by a three-position valve with the possibility of connecting to it outside he source of hot gases, the outer casing is made thermally insulated tank, intercase space adapted to fill it with antifreeze plug intercase space filler neck is provided with a safety valve, wherein the dispenser is placed in the filler neck intercase tank space.

The idea of the proposed technical solution is to change the direction of the process of spontaneous heat transfer from a warmer body (water in the tank) to a less heated body (freezing atmospheric air) by creating a warmer layer of non-freezing liquid around the tank with water than the water in the tank. filling the interbody space. Due to the heating by the exhaust gases of the tanker engine, a positive temperature of the indicated heat-insulating layer is ensured. This eliminates the transfer of heat from the water in the tank to the outside and, therefore, the freezing of the water in the tank. In the case of engine shutdown due to poor thermal conductivity of the liquid, this layer itself will serve as a slowly cooling insulating layer. In urgent cases, to prevent freezing of water in the tank, a certain amount of reagent can enter a non-freezing liquid through the filler neck and enter into an exothermic redox reaction with the non-freezing liquid. In addition, since the design of the gas exhaust system allows the installation of certain sets of equipment [see Car ZIL-131 and its modifications. M., "Engineering", 1978, p. 71], heating the specified layer of non-freezing liquid while the tanker is stationary can be provided not only from the fire truck’s own engine, but also from other sources of thermal energy.

We show the materiality of the distinguishing features.

The implementation of a double-tank water tank is a new solution. It provides the ability to fill the inter-housing space with non-freezing fluid and the placement of heat pipes and a chimney in it.

Filling the interbody space with non-freezing fluid is a new solution for fire tankers. It ensures the elimination of contact of transported water with the cold external surface of the tank, as well as equalization of the temperature inside the inter-shell space of the tank and eliminates the possibility of local overheating by the hot exhaust gases of the painted external surface of the fire truck. Due to the high heat capacity of liquids based on water, the absence of heating of an antifreeze liquid for some time will not lead to freezing of transported tanker water. The poor thermal conductivity of such liquids provides additional thermal insulation of the transported tank water during the stop of the fire truck.

The introduction of a dispenser tanker and its placement in the filler neck of the inter-tank space of the tank is a new solution. It provides an opportunity in urgent cases to avoid freezing of water in the tank by introducing through the dispenser into the inter-space a strictly defined amount of reagent that enters into an exothermic redox reaction with an ice-free liquid.

The placement of flame tubes and a chimney in the inter-chamber space is a new solution. It provides the possibility of heating non-freezing liquid with the exhaust gases of the engine, maintaining the temperature of the inner tank body above the freezing temperature of water.

The inclusion of a three-position switching valve in the fire tanker and the connection of the flame tubes through it to the gas exhaust system is a new solution. It allows you to turn off the heating of non-freezing liquid in warm time, and also use another heat source to heat the non-freezing liquid. This is especially true in the absence of a warm box for placing a fire tanker filled with water.

The implementation of the outer casing of the tank is thermally insulated is a new solution for fire tankers. It provides a reduction in heat flux from the inter-shell space of the tank to the outer casing.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, which shows a diagram of the proposed fire tank truck.

Fire truck contains:

1 - tank;

2 - water;

3 - a tanker engine;

4 - gas exhaust system;

5 - device for heating the pump with exhaust gases;

6 - flame tubes;

7 - chimney.

Nodes 1 ... 7 characterize the prototype. In addition to them, new units and devices were introduced into the fire tanker or the connections between the units of the prototype were changed.

8 - three-position switching valve. It serves to control the direction of the exhaust gas flow, as well as to connect another heat source to it. Description of the arrangement of such valves [see Polytechnical Dictionary. Ch. ed. I.I. Artobolevsky. M., "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1976, p. 212].

9 - the inter-space space of the tank. Double-walled vessels between which the indicated inter-space is formed are widely used in technology.

10 - a stopper of a jellied mouth of the interbody space with the safety valve. A safety valve is mandatory for any installation operating above atmospheric pressure. Since steam may form in the inter-chamber space, it will be vented through the safety valve. The device of such a plug is similar to the device of the plug of the filler neck of an automobile radiator.

11 - non-freezing fluid. Such liquids are widely used in technology. In particular, a liquid such as antifreeze can be used as it.

12 - thermal insulation material.

13 - dispenser. It serves to automatically measure a given mass or volume of a liquid or granular reagent introduced into the non-freezing liquid 11 for an exothermic redox reaction to occur therein. Description of such dispensers [see above source, p. 149].

The proposed fire tank truck operates as follows. During the movement of the fire tanker truck, the exhaust gases from the exhaust system 4 through the switching valve 8 enter the flame tubes 6 located in the interbody 9, and from them through the pump heating device the exhaust gases 5 and the chimney 7 are discharged into the atmosphere. Since the interbody 9 is filled with a non-freezing fluid 11, the exhaust gases heat this fluid and heat is transferred through it to the inner casing of the tank 1, which on the opposite side is in contact with the transported fire tanker water 2. The outer casing of the tank 1 is insulated with a layer of heat-insulating material 12. Therefore, it side heat flux from non-freezing liquid 11 is significantly less. With an increase in the speed of movement of a fire tanker, the speed of blowing cold water on the outer surface of the tank 1 increases and, therefore, the heat transfer increases. Depending on the temperature of the outdoor air developed by the power engine 3 and the speed of the fire truck, a certain stationary state of heat transfer from the exhaust gases of the engine to the inner and outer shells of the tank 1 is established, characterized by a certain temperature value of the inner surface of the inner shell. If the temperature of the heated non-freezing liquid 11 exceeds 0 ° C, then obviously the water 2 in the tanker will not freeze. In warm time, when there is no risk of freezing water 2, using the three-position switching valve 8, you can disconnect the exhaust system 4 from the flame tubes 6 and the device for heating the pump with exhaust gases 5, and drain the non-freezing liquid 11 from the interbody 9. In addition, when the fire truck is parked using the switching valve 8, it is possible to connect the flame tubes 6 and the device for heating the pump with exhaust gases 5 to another heat source.

Thus, based on the analysis of the structure and functioning of the scheme of the proposed technical solution, we can conclude that the fire truck that implements this solution has the advantages that meet the task - providing the ability in winter to include a fire truck without a fire truck transporting special cargoes the risk of tank failure and without expanding the functional responsibilities of the fire brigade. In addition, if there are other sources of heat in the fire truck’s parking lot, the implementation of this solution allows you to keep the tanker filled with water outside the warm box.

Claims (1)

     A fire truck containing a tank located on the base of a car with a gas exhaust system, heat pipes, a device for heating the pump with exhaust gases and a chimney, characterized in that it also includes a switching valve and a dispenser, the tank is made of two bodies, and the chimneys and chimney are placed in the inter-shell space, the flame tubes are connected to the gas exhaust system through a switching valve made three-position with the ability to connect an external source of hot gas to it c, the outer casing of the tank is thermally insulated, the interstitial space is made with the possibility of filling it with non-freezing liquid, the stopper of the filler neck of the interbody space is made with a safety valve, while the dispenser is placed in the filler neck of the interbody space of the tank.