RU2565858C1 - Device for absorbing energy of railway car - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device for absorbing energy of a railway car comprises a case (1) and a movable hood (2) in it, and elastomeric springs (8) made as rotation bodies are placed in them through a supporting plate (7). A rod (15) is passed through the supporting plate and through bushing (9), whereat the supporting plate is fixed by a ring (10).

EFFECT: higher reliability of the device.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering and relates to the design of devices for absorbing energy between two masses. Such devices are installed together with absorbing devices mainly between adjacent railway cars or separately, as supporting side bearings at opposite ends of the body of each car to restrain or limit its “wagging” movements.

A device for absorbing energy of a railway car [1, Patent RU No. 2409776], in which an elastomeric spring with a quadrangular cross-sectional shape with beveled corners is used, is known. This form of an elastomeric spring is used to eliminate a significant drawback of a traditionally used cylindrical spring - its strong bending under an applied load, which results in long-term operation of deformations, creases and cracks in the material of the spring. However, this complicates the design and production technology of the device for absorbing the energy of a railway carriage due to the need to complicate the shape of its body of the device to accommodate the elastomeric spring.

A simpler device for absorbing the energy of a railroad car [1, Patent RU No. 2351495], consisting of a housing and a cap, which are provided with protrusions for supporting and centering an elastomeric spring of a barrel-shaped thick-walled shape located between the housing and the cap, is known. The disadvantage of this solution is the fact that during intensive operation of the device, its elastomeric spring, due to its relatively large thickness, accumulates absorbed energy in the form of heat. Excessive increase in temperature of the elastomeric spring can lead to a deterioration in its operating characteristics associated with softening of the material, which will cause subsidence of the elastic spring and breakdown of the device as a whole. Moreover, to reduce the heating of the material of the elastomeric spring, a complex design of the device casing is used to remove and dissipate the heat generated by the elastomeric spring. In addition, when a load is applied to the cap, the elastomeric spring, having a relatively large height, is less stable and deforms significantly in the transverse direction, which leads to an increase in the size of the cap and housing. In addition, such a significant deformation of the elastomeric spring can lead to a deterioration in its working characteristic associated with the frequent compression of the material of such a spring in its large volume. As a result, together with the negative temperature action mentioned above, the elastic spring can sag even more, which will lead to accelerated breakdown of the device as a whole.

Therefore, the objective of the invention is to obtain a technical result aimed at improving the reliability of a device for absorbing energy of a railway car by eliminating the aforementioned disadvantages of the prototype [2].

The problem is solved in that the device for absorbing energy of a railway carriage, consisting of a body and a cap located inside it, inside which an elastomeric spring is located, has distinctive features: at least one additional elastomeric spring is located on the elastomeric spring through the support plate.

The location on the elastomeric spring of at least one more additional elastomeric spring is aimed at replacing the relatively large in height elastomeric spring according to the prototype [2] with several more stable short elastomeric springs. This significantly reduces the accumulation of absorbed energy in them in the form of heat and the compression volume of the material in such springs during cyclic loads, which allows the use of even thinner-walled elastomeric springs in the device according to the utility model. The result is a package of elastomeric springs, much faster restoring the initial shape. Therefore, the device for absorbing the energy of a railroad car according to a utility model will be more likely prepared for a new cycle of load perception. Moreover, each elastomeric spring perceives the load distributed over its share, that is, if one elongated elastomeric spring according to the prototype [2] has a stress concentration in one, the weakest zone, in proportion to the applied load, then in a packet, for example, of three elastomeric springs utility model, there are three such zones, but the voltage in each of them is three times less. Accordingly, the survivability of the material itself and the product as a whole when using a package of elastomeric springs is much higher.

The location through the support plate of elastomeric springs in such a package will give it better stability and more efficiently remove heat from the elastomeric springs into the environment.

The above advantages of the distinguishing features according to the invention will improve the reliability of the device for absorbing energy of a railway car during its operation.

Additional features of the invention that improve the structural and operational characteristics of a device for absorbing energy of a railway carriage:

- it is most appropriate to use elastomeric springs in the form of bodies of revolution in order to reduce the dimensions of the device and to better remove heat from it;

- to increase the stability of the package of elastomeric springs, it is desirable to equip the device with a rod passed through their support plate;

- at the same time, it is advisable that the rod is passed through the base plate through the sleeve, on which the base plate will be fixed using the ring, one of the elastomeric springs can be located on the sleeve and the base plate, and the other one on the ring and the base plate.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 and 2 show a front section of a device for absorbing energy of a railroad car using, respectively, two and three elastomeric springs in a static position; in FIG. 3 and 4 are the same as in FIG. 1 and 2, but when applied to elastomeric springs, loads.

A device for absorbing energy of a railway carriage consists of a housing 1 and a cap 2 located therein.

The housing 1 through the holes 3 of its eyes 4 can be installed with its mounting end 5 in the required place (not shown) of the body of the railway carriage in working combination with the absorbing apparatus of the railway carriage, designed to absorb the forces between the adjacent ends of the railway carriages. In the case of using such devices as supporting side-bearings for absorbing the energy of a railway carriage and for restraining or restricting its “wagging” movements, they are installed (not shown), similarly, at opposite ends of the railway carriage’s body between the central part or the beam of the wheeled trolley and the lower side body of a railway carriage.

Between the mounting end 5 of the housing 1 and the bottom 6 of the hood, two (Fig. 1) or three (Fig. 2) elastomeric springs 8, which can be more than three (not shown) depending on the height of the device, are located on top of each other through the base plate 7 . The elastomeric springs 9 are expediently made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example, barrel-shaped and with a central hole, as shown.

The support plate 7 is mounted on the sleeve 9 by means of a pressed (or screwed) on it ring 10.

The elastomeric springs 8 are fitted with an interference fit on the sleeve 9 or ring 10. For example, one of the elastomeric springs 8 (the lower one in Fig. 1) is located on the sleeve 9 and the support plate 7, and the other one on the ring 10 and the support plate 7. In another embodiment (Fig. 2), the middle elastomeric spring 8 is located simultaneously on the rings 10 and the supporting plates 7, and the upper and lower elastomeric springs 8 are located, respectively, of the upper and lower bushings 9 and the supporting plates 7. Thus, for due to the mentioned location of the elastomeric springs 8 with their interference Ohm on the sleeve 9 or on the ring 10 forms a damping package as a quick disconnect assembly. The upper end of the upper elastomeric spring 8 such a package is inserted into the protrusion 11 of the bottom 6 of the cap 2, and the lower end of the lower elastomeric spring 8 is inserted into the protrusion 12, connected by welding to the centering plate 13, located in the recess 14 of the mounting end 5 of the housing 1.

Also, to center the package of the elastomeric spring 8, a rod 15 is used, connected by welding or press fit with the protrusion 12 and passed through the sleeve 9 (Fig. 1), or into one of them and inserted into the other (Fig. 2).

A device for absorbing energy of a railroad car is configured to absorb and absorb load F (FIGS. 3 and 4). Conditionally in FIG. 2 and 4, for comparison, shown by dashed lines 16 dimensions of a single elongated elastomeric spring in statics (Fig. 2) and dynamics (Fig. 4) of its position according to the prototype [2], if it was located between the housing 1 and the cap 2 of the device by utility model.

A device is used to absorb the energy of a railroad car by installing it with the mounting end 5 of the body 1 in a selected place on the body of the railroad car, for example, using screws (not shown), which press the device to the body location through the holes 3 of the eyes 4 of the body 1.

In the event of a load F (oncoming movements of neighboring railway cars or “wagging” movements of one of them), the cap 2 (Figs. 3 and 4) moves inside the housing 1, compressing the elastomeric springs 8, which, relying on the support plates 7, increase in diameter , but much smaller than the increase in dimensions 16 (Fig. 4) of the prototype [2], and absorb the load energy F, converting it into heat, which is intensively removed into space using numerous contact points, an increased area of contact of the elastomeric springs 8 with the cap m 2, with protrusions 11, 12, with a centering plate 13 and with a rod 15.

The package of elastomeric springs described above can be installed in other types of casings, and also can be used without casings, and can be used in various industries, not even related to railway topics.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2409776, IPC F16F 1/373, F16F 1/44, Convention priority 27.09.2005 US 11 / 235,804, publ. 01/20. 2011.

2. Patent RU No. 2351495, IPC B61F 5/14, Convention priority 07.11.2002 US 10 / 289.951, publ. 10.04. 2009 / prototype /.

Claims (5)

1. A device for absorbing energy of a railroad car, consisting of a fixed body and a cap movable relative to it, inside of which elastomeric springs are made in the form of bodies of revolution, through which a rod is passed through the base plate, characterized in that the rod is passed through the base plate through the sleeve, on which the support plate is fixed with a ring. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the stationary body covers the cap movable relative to it. 3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the rod is mounted on a centering plate located in the undercut of the mounting end of the housing. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that it contains lower and upper elastomeric springs, the lower elastomeric spring located on the sleeve and the support plate, and the upper elastomeric spring on the ring and the support plate. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains upper, middle and lower elastomeric springs, and the rod is also passed through an additional support plate through an additional sleeve, onto which an additional support plate is fixed with an additional ring, while the lower elastomeric spring located on the sleeve and the support plate, the middle elastomeric spring is located on one side of the ring and the support plate, and on the other ring and the additional support plate, and the upper an elastomer spring is located on the additional sleeve and the additional support plate.

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