RU2564716C1 - Method of directional breaking of rocks in preparation of mining block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method of directional breaking of rocks in the preparation of a mining block includes drilling in plane of a suggested breaking of a contour row of well bundles, their charging with an explosive and explosion. Wellheads of the contour row wells are arranged in the form of semicircles oriented towards each other and directed along the border of the mining block contour. The contour row of the well explosive charges is exploded by the first phase in respect to other breaking bundles of the wells. Explosion of the explosive charges in the contour row is carried out in pairs by semicircles of the wells with slowdown via certain intervals.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and quality of contouring of a prepared mining block.

2 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to mining and can be used in ore mines for block breaking of rock mass.

The problem is the issue of providing a clear rectilinear contour of the prepared block when blasting the contour row of borehole charges of explosive charges of a destructible block.

A known method of mass breaking of minerals, adopted for the prototype, which consists in the fact that the wells are arranged in a semicircle directed by the convexity to the exposed surface. The half rings are located parallel to the exposed surface of the blasting block, and from the side of the next non-blasting block, a hole is additionally drilled along the symmetry axis of the half ring in the gap between the center of the half ring and the continuation of its path (SU 687234 A1, 09.25.1979).

The disadvantages of this method are the following:

1. The location of the wells in the form of half rings, the convex side of which is directed towards the exposed surface, provides for the amplification of stress waves and an increase in the explosion efficiency within the entire destructible block and does not provide for preliminary contouring at the border with the indestructible block.

2. After the explosive charges are blown up in wells located along the symmetry axis of the half-ring in the gaps between the center of the half-ring and the continuation of its path, the distance between which is quite large, the boundary of the contour with the next block will be curved and broken, which will negatively affect the preparation and quality of fracture of the next block.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to increase the efficiency and quality of the contouring of the prepared extraction block without additional labor and economic costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of directional destruction of rocks during the preparation of the extraction block, including drilling in the plane of the alleged destruction of the contour series of bunches of wells, loading them with explosives and blasting, according to the invention:

- the wellheads of the contour row are arranged in the form of semicircles oriented towards each other and directed along the boundary of the contour of the extraction block;

- the contour series of borehole explosive charges is blown up in the first stage with respect to the other borehole bunches of wells;

- blasting explosive charges in a contour row is produced in pairs by semicircles of wells with deceleration at certain intervals in the direction of the formed contour of the rock mass being destroyed.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the position of the excavation and prepared blocks, and in FIG. 2 - the formation of the directed action of the energy of the explosion of the borehole explosive charges in the contour row of the prepared extraction block.

The claimed technical solution is as follows. After mining block 1 (Fig. 1), preparations are made for blasting block 2. The contour row of well bundles at the border with the next block 3 is drilled so that the mouths of the well bundles are in the form of semicircles in the direction of the formed contour of the prepared block 2 at the border with block 3 (the remaining bunches of wells in the prepared block 2 in Fig. 1 are not shown). After loading all the bundles of wells in the prepared extraction unit 2, they are blown up, while the contour row of the bundles of wells is blown up in the first stage. And within the contour series, the first series of wells A-A ′ are blown up with the first series, the B-B ′ wells bundles are slowed down with the second series, then C-C ′, etc.

The location of the wells in the beam in the form of semicircles during the explosion of explosive charges in them creates the principle of cumulative effects on destructible rock mass. In this case, the stress waves in the rock during the explosion of explosive charges accumulate in the direction of the opening of the semicircles (Fig. 2) and an amplified directional effect of the explosion energy is created on the rock mass in the contour row.

In the explosion of the first series of bunches of boreholes A and A ′, the accumulated resultant stress waves act towards each other, their mutual influence on the rock mass increases and due to this, an effective destruction of the rock section between the bunches of boreholes A and A ′ occurs, and a similarity to a cut hole forms. The second series explodes the bunches of wells B and B ′, the accumulated stress waves excited in this case reach the exposure surfaces from the explosion of the bunches of wells A and A ′, they are superimposed on the reflected waves, which forms an increase in the effect of the explosion on the rock mass being destroyed. The same mechanism destroys sections of rock from the explosion of bunches of wells С-С ′, Д-Д ′, etc. After the explosion of the bundles of wells of the contour row is completed, a clear contour of the boundary of blocks 2 and 3 is formed.

The advantages of the claimed technical solution are that the contour row of well beams are located in the form of semicircles oriented in the direction of the formed contour of the rock mass to be destroyed, which creates the effect of cumulative summation of the stress wave energy along the boundary of the collapsible excavation block contour.

The effectiveness of the proposed method of directional destruction of rocks in the preparation of a mining block is evaluated by:

- directed influence of the energy of the voltage waves along the contour of the destructible extraction block and the design of a clear rectilinear contour at the border with the next block;

- improving the quality of preparation and the destruction efficiency of the next block.

Claims (1)

A method of directional destruction of rocks during the preparation of a mining block, including drilling in the plane of the alleged destruction of the contour row of bunches of wells, loading them with explosives and blasting, characterized in that the wellheads of the contour row are arranged in the form of semicircles oriented towards each other and directed along the boundary of the contour of the extraction block, the contour row of borehole explosive charges is blown up in the first stage with respect to the remaining fender bunches of wells, the explosion of explosive charges into the circuit Row produce semicircles pairs well with the slowdown at certain intervals.

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