RU2564199C1 - Device for contactless transmission of electric power to underwater object - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device includes the following components installed on a carrier vessel: a controlled DC voltage source, an inverter unit containing an independent single-phase voltage inverter of increased frequency with a control unit of the inverter, an input capacitor, as well as primary transformer winding of increased frequency in a separate housing, and the following components located on the underwater object: secondary transformer winding of increased frequency in a separate housing, a rectifier unit containing a single-phase bridge non-controlled rectifier, a smoothing inductor and an output capacitor. Housings of primary and secondary transformer windings are fixed on load-carrying structures by means of self-aligned attachment assemblies.

EFFECT: reduction of heating of a wire of transformer windings, improvement of transmission efficiency of electric power to an underwater object and reduction of charging time of its accumulator storage batteries.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to devices for contactless transmission of electric energy to an underwater object, which, in particular, is used to charge an electric battery installed on this underwater object.

A device for the contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object (Patent RU 2401496, IPC H02J 7/00, "Device for charging the battery of an underwater object", authors Kuvshinov G.E., Kopylov V.V., Filozhenko A.Yu., Naumov L.A., priority date 06/25/2009, publ. 10/10/2010 Bull. No. 28).

A known device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object consists of an inverter block lowered under water and a rectifier block located on the underwater object. The inverter unit includes a single-phase autonomous inverter of increased frequency voltage with a control unit for this inverter. The input capacitor and the ends of the cable connecting the specified inverter with a controlled DC source are connected to the input terminals of the inverter. The output terminals of the said inverter are connected to the primary winding of a high frequency transformer that transfers alternating current electricity to the secondary winding of this transformer, which is placed together with a single-phase uncontrolled bridge rectifier and a smoothing reactor in the rectifier unit. This secondary winding is connected to the input terminals of said rectifier. The inverter and rectifier blocks are provided with docking walls made of insulating material, the contact surfaces of which are tightly joined to each other when transmitting electric energy to the underwater object. The ends of the primary windings of the transformer of high frequency and in the rectifier block end faces the ends of the secondary windings of this transformer tightly fit to the second opposite contact surfaces of these walls.

Said connecting walls are arranged so that both transformer windings have a common axis.

The disadvantages of the device are due to the fact that, due to the absence of a magnetic core, the transformer has a low coefficient of magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary windings, which leads to the need to create an increased magnetization current in the primary winding for contactless transmission of a given value of electric power. This causes additional losses in the transformer, increased heating of the primary winding and the need to limit the transmitted electric power from the condition of permissible heating of the winding wire, which leads to a decrease in the charging current of the battery and, as a consequence, an increase in the charging time of the battery. Due to the placement of the transformer primary winding in the inverter unit, it is difficult to transfer heat from the winding wire to the environment. This also leads to the need to limit the transmitted electric power and corresponds to an increase in battery charging time.

A device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object that is closest in technical essence to the claimed device [Patent RU 2502170, IPC H02J 3/18, "Device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object (options)", authors Kuvshinov T.E., Kopylov V.V., Gerasimov V.A., Naumov L.A., Filozhenko A.Yu., Chepurin P.I., priority date 05/03/2012, publ. 12/20/2013. Bull. No. 35 (prototype - the second option)].

A device for non-contact transmission of electricity consists of an inverter block lowered to a depth of immersion and an rectifier block located on the underwater object. A single-phase autonomous high-frequency voltage inverter with a control unit for this inverter is placed in the inverter block. The input terminals of the inverter, to which the input capacitor is connected, are connected through a cable to the output terminals of the controlled voltage source. The inverter output terminals are connected to the primary terminals of the high frequency transformer. The primary winding of the transformer is equipped with a magnetic screen, which, together with the magnetic screen of the secondary winding of the transformer, functions as the magnetic circuit of this transformer. Each magnetic screen consists of a cup core and a coaxial cylindrical rod placed inside the cup core. The secondary winding of the transformer, as well as a single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier, a smoothing reactor and an output capacitor are located in the rectifier block. The transformer windings have the maximum magnetic coupling when the axis of the windings coincide, and the ends of the windings are at a minimum distance from each other. The output terminals of the secondary winding are connected to the input terminals of the rectifier. One of the output terminals of the rectifier is connected to the first of the output terminals of the device through a smoothing reactor. The second output terminal of the rectifier is connected directly to the second of the output terminals of the device. The output terminals of the device are connected to the battery of the underwater object.

The use of a prototype of an increased frequency transformer with a magnetic circuit in the prototype leads to an increase in the magnetic coupling between the windings, which increases the efficiency of contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object. At the same time, in the process of electric power transmission between the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, a certain structural gap remains, determined by the thickness of the connecting walls. The specified gap causes a decrease in the magnetic coupling coefficient between the windings and requires for a contactless transmission to the underwater object a predetermined electric power to create an increased magnetizing current in the primary winding, which leads to increased heating of the primary winding wire.

The first disadvantage of the known device for the non-contact transmission of electricity to an underwater object (prototype) is due to the fact that when the transformer primary winding is placed in the inverter unit, this winding and the inverter fuel elements are mutually heated, and it is also difficult to remove and dissipate heat from the winding into the environment. This circumstance makes it necessary to limit the transmitted electric power from the condition of permissible heating of the winding wire, which leads to a decrease in the charging current of the battery and, as a consequence, to an increase in the charging time of the battery. Placing the secondary winding in the rectifier unit also makes it difficult to remove and dissipate the heat generated in it into the environment.

The second disadvantage of the prototype is determined by the fact that when docking the contact surfaces of the inverter and rectifier blocks under water for the process of non-contact transmission of electricity for objective reasons, control over the process of said docking is difficult, as a result of which the contact surfaces can be loosely pressed against one another, and the transformer windings of increased frequency may not be aligned. For this reason, the magnetic coupling coefficient between the transformer windings is reduced, which also leads to a decrease in the transmitted power from the primary to the secondary winding, accompanied by a decrease in the secondary current of the transformer and, accordingly, an increase in the charge time of the batteries at the underwater object.

The basis of the claimed invention is tasked to eliminate these disadvantages, i.e. reduce heating and increase the current load on the transformer wire, thereby increasing the efficiency of electric power transmission to the underwater object and reducing the charge time of its batteries.

This object is achieved in that in a device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object, consisting of a high-frequency transformer with primary and secondary windings, an inverter unit containing a single-phase autonomous high-frequency voltage inverter with a control unit for this inverter and lowered under water to a depth of immersion of the underwater object, and placed on the underwater object of the rectifier block, which contains a single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier, smoothing the reactor and an output capacitor, the first of the output terminals of this rectifier is connected to the first output terminal of the device through a smoothing reactor, and the second output terminal of the rectifier is connected to the second output terminal of the device directly, the output capacitor is also connected to the output terminals of the device, while the input terminals of the specified inverter are connected the input capacitor and the ends of the cable connecting this inverter to a controlled DC voltage source, which is located on the ship or on the shore, and to The first and second output terminals of the device are connected to consumers of electric energy of an underwater object, the primary and secondary windings of a high-frequency transformer are equipped with magnetic screens made of non-conductive material with high magnetic permeability and one adjacent to the ends of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, while the primary winding of the transformer is connected to output terminals of the inverter, and the secondary winding of this transformer is connected to the input terminals of the rectifier, additional The first and second cases have been introduced to accommodate the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in them separately outside the inverter and rectifier blocks, the primary winding of the transformer can be lowered to the immersion depth of the underwater object, and the secondary winding of the transformer in its case is located on the underwater object, these cases have connecting walls made of insulating material, the flat contact surfaces of which, when transmitting electric energy to the underwater object, are tightly adjacent to one another, and the second, opposite contact, surfaces of these walls fit snugly in the primary winding body at the end of the primary winding of the transformer of increased frequency, and in the secondary winding housing - at the end of the secondary winding of this transformer, when transmitting electrical energy to the case, they are located so that both transformer windings have a common axis, and the walls of the cases of the primary and secondary windings, opposite the docking walls of these cases, behind the corresponding magnetic screens, tightly adjacent to these magnetic screens, Execute from heat-conducting material with a developed surface of the heat sink.

The task is also achieved by the fact that the housing of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are fixed to the supporting structures by means of self-centering docking nodes.

In the claimed device for contactless transmission of electrical energy to an underwater object, the common essential features for him and for his prototype are:

- high frequency transformer with primary and secondary windings containing magnetic screens;

- inverter unit and rectifier unit;

- the inverter unit contains a single-phase autonomous voltage inverter of increased frequency with a control unit for this inverter and allows it to be lowered under water to a depth of immersion of an underwater object;

- an input capacitor and cable ends connecting the inverter to a controlled DC voltage source are connected to the input terminals of the inverter;

- the primary winding of the transformer of increased frequency is connected to the output terminals of the inverter;

- the rectifier unit is located on the underwater object and contains a single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier, smoothing reactor and output capacitor;

- the secondary winding of the transformer of increased frequency is connected to the input terminals of the rectifier;

- the first of the output terminals of the rectifier is connected to the first output terminal of the device through a smoothing reactor, and the second output terminal of the rectifier is connected to the second output terminal of the device directly, the output capacitor is also connected to the output terminals of the device;

- the ends of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are adjacent to the flat docking walls, the contact surfaces of which are adjacent to each other in the contactless transmission of electricity;

- magnetic screens in the form of cup magnetic conductors are tightly adjacent to the second, opposite to the first, ends of the windings;

- in the contactless transmission of electricity, the magnetic screens form an armored-type magnetic circuit for the transformer with a non-magnetic gap.

A comparative analysis of the essential features of the claimed device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object and its prototype shows that the first, unlike the prototype, has the following distinctive features:

- housings are introduced into the device to accommodate the primary and secondary windings of the transformer separately outside the inverter and rectifier blocks;

- said enclosures have docking walls made of insulating material, the flat contact surfaces of which are tightly adjacent to each other when transferring electric energy to the underwater object, and the end of the primary winding of the transformer of high frequency transformer is tightly adjacent to the second, opposite contact, surfaces of these walls, and in the secondary winding casing - the end face of the secondary winding of this transformer;

- when transmitting electrical energy, these cases are located so that both transformer windings have a common axis, and the walls of the primary and secondary windings, opposite to the docking walls of the said housings (behind the corresponding magnetic screens, tightly adjacent to these magnetic screens), are made of heat-conducting material with developed heat sink surface;

- the cases of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are fixed to the supporting structures by means of self-centering docking nodes.

Distinctive features of the proposed solution perform the following functional tasks to achieve the desired technical result.

Signs: “... the housings are introduced into the device for placing the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in them separately outside the inverter and rectifier blocks, ... when transmitting electrical energy, the housings are located so that both transformer windings have a common axis, and the walls of the primary and secondary windings are opposite the connecting walls of these cases, behind the corresponding magnetic screens, tightly adjacent to the magnetic screens, are made of heat-conducting material with a developed heat-removing surface ... "allow Exclude mutual heating coils and heat-generating elements of the inverter and rectifier, as well as increase the removal and dissipation of heat from the coil to the environment. These conditions make it possible to increase the current loads on the wire of the transformer windings and on the power elements of the inverter and rectifier, which allows to increase the charging current and, as a result, reduce the charging time of rechargeable batteries at the underwater object.

The sign "... the primary and secondary windings are fixed to the supporting structures by means of self-centering docking units" helps to increase the accuracy of achieving coaxiality of the windings and more tightly press the contact surfaces of the connecting walls of the transformer casings of increased frequency to each other when they are combined to carry out the process of contactless transmission of electricity. This increases the magnetic coupling coefficient between the transformer windings, which is accompanied by an increase in the transmitted power, an increase in the secondary current of the transformer and, accordingly, a decrease in the charging time of the batteries at the underwater object.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the set of essential features of the claimed invention has a causal relationship with the achieved technical result, i.e. due to this combination of essential features of the invention, it became possible to solve the problem. These essential features that distinguish the claimed device for contactless transmission of electricity to the underwater object from the prototype, together with the features common to it and the prototype, ensure the achievement of the claimed technical result in all cases to which the scope of legal protection applies.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a functional diagram of a device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object; in FIG. 2 is a drawing of a high frequency transformer.

A device for contactless transmission of electricity from a controlled source of DC voltage 1, which is located on a ship or on shore, to consumers 2 of electric power of an underwater object 3 consists of an inverter unit 4 connected to the source 1 by cable 5 and located on the underwater object 3 of the rectifier unit 6. In block 4 there is a single-phase autonomous inverter 7 of increased frequency voltage with control unit 8 of this inverter. The input terminals 9 of the inverter 7, to which the input capacitor 10 is connected, are connected to the output terminals 11 of the controlled DC voltage source 1 through cable 5. The output terminals of the inverter 7 are connected to the terminals 12 of the primary winding 13 of the transformer 14 of increased frequency. The primary winding 13 of the transformer 14 is equipped with a magnetic screen 15, which, together with the magnetic screen 16 of the secondary winding 17 of the transformer 14, has the function of non-magnetic gaps of the armored magnetic circuit of this transformer. A single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier 18, a smoothing reactor 19 and an output capacitor 20 are located in the rectifier unit 6. Equipped with magnetic shields 15 and 16, the windings 13 and 17 form an increased frequency transformer 14 when the axis of the windings coincide and the ends of the windings are at a small distance from each other, as shown in FIG. 2. The magnetic screens 15 and 16 provide an increase in the mutual inductance M between the windings 13 and 17. The output terminals 21 of the secondary winding 17 are connected to the input terminals of the rectifier 18. One of the output terminals 22 of the rectifier 18 is connected to the first of the output terminals 23 of the device through a smoothing reactor 19 The second of the output terminals 22 of the rectifier 18 is connected directly to the second of the output terminals 23. Consumers 2 of the underwater object 3 are connected to the output terminals 23 of the device. The magnetic screens and windings of the high-frequency transformer 14 are located in separate cases: the primary winding 13 and the magnetic screen 15 are in the case 24, and the secondary winding 17 with the magnetic screen 16 is in the case 25.

In FIG. 2 shows a section of a transformer of increased frequency, which has a disconnecting primary and secondary parts. The primary part of the high-frequency transformer contains a primary winding 13 with a magnetic circuit 15 located in the housing 24. The secondary part of this transformer contains a secondary winding 17 with a magnetic circuit 16 enclosed in the housing 25. The contact surfaces of the flat docking walls of the housings 24 and 25 are pressed against each other, as shown in FIG. 2. The second end of the transformer primary winding 13 and the first end of the transformer secondary winding 17 in block 25 are snug against the second, opposite first surfaces of these walls. Magnetic screens 15 and 16, made of non-conductive material with high magnetic permeability, are pressed to the second ends of the primary 13 and secondary 17 windings and cover these windings so that a transformer magnetic circuit is formed with some non-magnetic gap, the minimum value of which is determined by the thickness of the flat docking walls of the transformer cases . The walls 26 and 27 of the cases of the block 24 of the primary and the block 25 of the secondary parts of the transformer, located behind the magnetic screen and opposite to the flat docking walls, are made of heat-conducting material with a developed heat-removing surface.

Using self-centering docking nodes 28 and 29, connecting the primary 24 and secondary 25 parts of the transformer with the supporting structures 30 and 31, respectively, the contact surfaces of the flat docking walls of the said housings are tightly pressed and the primary 13 and secondary 17 windings of the transformer are aligned.

A device for contactless transmission of electricity to an underwater object operates as follows.

When the controlled source 1 is turned on, the voltage from its output terminals 11 passes through the cable 5 to the input terminals 9 of the inverter 7, to which a smoothing capacitor 10 is also connected. The algorithm of the controlled source 1 provides the charge of the capacitor 10 with a limitation of the charge current to an acceptable value. In autostart mode, at the output terminals 12 of the inverter, an alternating high-frequency voltage appears, the parameters of which are determined by the settings of the control unit 8 of the inverter. Under the influence of this voltage in the primary winding 15 of the transformer, an alternating current occurs. In power transmission mode, the contact surfaces of the housings 24 and 25 of the primary and secondary parts of the transformer are docked. Due to the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary windings, the magnetic flux caused by the alternating current of the high frequency of the primary winding induces an alternating voltage of the same frequency in the secondary winding. Under the action of this voltage, a direct current arises in the load 2, which is obtained from the current of the secondary winding 17 of the transformer after it is rectified in the rectifier unit 18 and the ripple of the rectified current is reduced by the smoothing reactor 19 and the output capacitor 20.

Since the transformer 14 has a constructive non-magnetic gap (the minimum value of this gap is twice the thickness of the flat docking walls) and a correspondingly reduced magnetic coupling coefficient between the primary and secondary windings, this leads to the need to create an increased current of the primary winding of the transformer to obtain the required charging current value of the underwater batteries object. The implementation of the primary winding in a separate housing outside the inverter eliminates the mutual heating of the heat-generating elements of the inverter and the primary winding of the transformer, which, together with the wall of the housing 24 of the primary winding of a heat transfer material with a developed heat-transfer surface, contributes to good cooling of the primary winding 13 and allows you to create increased current loads on its wire . The increased current of the primary winding allows you to create an increased current of the secondary winding, which leads to an increase in the charging current of the rechargeable batteries of the underwater object and reduce the time of their charge.

Using self-centering docking nodes 28 and 29, connecting the primary 24 and secondary 25 parts of the transformer with the supporting structures 30 and 31, respectively, the contact surfaces of the flat docking walls of the said housings are tightly pressed and the primary 13 and secondary 17 windings of the transformer are aligned. As a result, between the windings 13 and 17, the maximum magnetic coupling coefficient and the maximum possible current in the secondary winding are achieved without increasing the magnetizing current in the primary winding, which also contributes to an increase in the charging current and a decrease in the charging time of the batteries.

Claims (2)

1. A device for the non-contact transmission of electricity to an underwater object, consisting of a high frequency transformer with primary and secondary windings, an inverter unit containing a single-phase autonomous high frequency voltage inverter with a control unit for this inverter and lowered under water to the depth of immersion of the underwater object, and placed on the underwater object of the rectifier unit, which contains a single-phase bridge uncontrolled rectifier, smoothing reactor and output capacitor, the first of the output terminals of the said rectifier are connected to the first output terminal of the device through a smoothing reactor, and the second output terminal of the rectifier is directly connected to the second output terminal of the device, and an output capacitor is also connected to the output terminals of the device connected to the consumers of electric power of the underwater object, while to the input terminals the said inverter is connected to the input capacitor and the ends of the cable connecting the inverter to a controlled DC voltage source installed on the ship or on the shore, while the primary and secondary windings of the transformer of increased frequency are equipped with magnetic shields made of non-conductive material with high magnetic permeability and one adjacent to the ends of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, the second ends of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer adjacent to the flat to the connecting walls, the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the output terminals of the inverter, and the secondary winding of this transformer is connected to the input terminals m rectifier, characterized in that it further comprises housings for placing the primary and secondary windings of the transformer in them separately outside the inverter and rectifier blocks, the housing of the primary winding of the transformer is configured to lower it to the immersion depth of the underwater object, and the secondary winding of the transformer is placed in its housing on an underwater object, and these bodies have docking walls made of insulating material, the flat contact surfaces of which when transmitting electrical energy and on the underwater object they fit tightly against one another, and on the second opposite contact surfaces of these walls they fit snugly on the primary winding end of the primary winding of the transformer of increased frequency, and in the secondary winding body - the end of the secondary winding of this transformer, the said housings are arranged to transfer of electrical energy so that both transformer windings have a common axis, while the walls of the primary and secondary windings are opposite to the docking walls and corresponding magnetic screens tight to the magnetic screens are made of thermally conductive material with a developed surface of the heat sink. 2. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the housing of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer are mounted on supporting structures by means of self-centering docking nodes.

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