RU2563101C2 - Crank shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: crank shaft is intended for use in crank-and-rod mechanisms of piston compressors. The crank shaft comprises main bearing journal (2), connecting rod journal (4) and the web (3), which contain axial branches (13, 14) of the branched oil passage. On the web (3) the balancer is mounted, and the axial branches (13, 14) of adjacent main bearing (2) and connecting rod (4) journals are connected by the radial branch (16), made in the web (3). The output hole (17) of the radial branch (16) is located on the mounting surface of the web (3) under the balancer.

EFFECT: elimination of self-unfastening of the plug from the radial branch of the oil passage made in the web of the crank shaft, simplification of drilling and cleaning of the named radial branch.

13 cl, 4 dwg

Description

Technical field

The claimed invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, mainly to compressor engineering. The inventive crankshaft is designed for use in crank mechanisms of reciprocating compressors.

State of the art

Crankshafts are widely known. Known, for example, a single-track shaft of an angular V-shaped compressor, containing sequentially arranged first shank, first root neck, first cheek, connecting rod neck, second cheek, second root neck and second shank. In this case, the outer and end surfaces of each cheek are curved. The surfaces of the cheeks intended for installation of counterweights are made flat and contain two mounting holes for fixing the counterweights. In addition, the crankshaft contains a branched oil channel, the branches of which are made in the first shank, the first root neck, the first cheek and the connecting rod neck. The first axial branch of the oil channel is made blind. The inlet of the first axial branch is located at the end of the first shank, and the end is located in the first cheek. The second axial branch of the oil channel, like the first, is made blind. The outlet of the second axial branch is located on the end surface of the first cheek, and the end is located in the connecting rod neck. The radial branch of the first cheek connects the first and second axial branches. The outlet of the radial branch of the first cheek is located on the outer curved surface of this cheek. A metric thread is made in the outlet holes of the radial branch of the first cheek and the second axial branch to secure the plugs in them. (Pospelov G.A., Plastinin P.I., Schwartz A.I., Safin A.Kh. Volumetric compressors. Atlas of constructions. M: Mechanical Engineering, 1994, sheet 39, p. 50, [1]).

The disadvantage of the analogue [1] is that the outlet of the radial branch of the first cheek is located on the outer curved surface of this cheek. With this arrangement of the aforementioned outlet, self-unscrewing of the plug placed in it occurs when the shaft rotates. Self-unscrewing occurs under the action of centrifugal force directed along the axis of the outlet from the center of rotation. To eliminate this design flaw, punching of the threaded joint is used, which makes it impossible to clean the radial branch of the first cheek without destroying the thread of the channel and plug. In addition, the outer surface of the first cheek has a curved surface and when the hole is drilled in it, the drill drifts.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is to eliminate the self-unscrewing of the plug from the radial branch made in the cheek of the crankshaft.

The technical result provided by the claimed invention is the elimination of self-unscrewing of the plug from the radial branch of the oil channel, made in the cheek of the crankshaft. In addition, simplification of drilling and cleaning of the above radial branch is achieved.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the crankshaft contains at least one root neck, at least one connecting rod neck and at least one cheek, in which the axial branches of the branched oil channel are made. At the same time, a counterweight is detachably mounted on the cheek, and a radial branch made in the cheek connects the axial branches of the adjacent main and connecting rod necks. The outlet of the radial branch is located on the landing surface of the cheek under the counterweight.

The crankshaft preferably comprises a first shank, a first root neck, a first cheek, a connecting rod neck, a second cheek, a second root neck and a second shaft, arranged in series.

The oil channel preferably contains a first axial branch, the inlet of which is located on the end of the first shank, and the end is located in the first cheek, a second axial branch, the outlet of which is located on the end surface of the first cheek, and the end is located in the connecting rod journal, the first radial branch connecting the first axial branch and the second axial branch, the second and third radial branches connecting the working surface of the connecting rod journal with the second axial branch.

On the second shank, two keyways for the keyways can be made.

The root necks preferably have equal diameters.

Between the first shank and the first root neck, a landing surface is preferably made for the spiral gear and the first free surface, and a second free surface is made between the second shaft and the second root neck.

On the landing surface under the spiral gear, a keyway is mainly made.

The diameter of the first shank is predominantly smaller than the diameter of the landing surface under the spiral gear.

At least two grooves for the tangential keys can be made over the entire length of the second shank and at the end of the second free surface.

The landing surfaces of the cheeks under the counterweights preferably contain two mounting holes.

The root necks preferably overlap the crank pin.

At the end of the second root neck, a seating surface under the o-ring can be made.

On the second shank, a center hole is preferably made. Moreover, four mounting holes are made around the center hole of the second shank.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a drawing of the crankshaft, figure 2 is a view A of figure 1, figure 3 is a view of figure 1, figure 4 is a view of figure 1.

The implementation of the invention

The crankshaft, mainly of an angular double-row compressor (Fig. 1), contains sequentially located the first shank (1), the first root neck (2), the first cheek (3), the connecting rod neck (4), the second cheek (5), and the second root neck (6), second shank (7).

The first shank (1) is designed to drive the oil pump and lubricator.

The second shank (7) is designed to connect the shaft to the compressor drive motor. Two keyways (9) are made on the second shank (7) (Fig. 2).

The main journals (2, 6) are designed to support the crankshaft on the bed through rolling bearings. The root necks (2, 6) preferably have equal diameters.

The connecting rod neck (4) is designed to connect the crankshaft and connecting rods.

In order to increase the rigidity and strength of the crankshaft, the main journals (2, 6) overlap the connecting rod journal (4).

Between the first shaft (1) and the first root neck (2), a seating surface (21) is made for the spiral gear and the first free surface (10), and between the second shaft (7) and the second root neck (6) a second free surface (11 ) The diameter of the first shank (1) is less than the diameter of the seating surface (21) under the spiral gear. A keyway (8) is made on the landing surface (21) under the spiral gear. The aforementioned gear is engaged with gear components of the lubrication system.

Cheeks (3, 5) connect the root necks (2, 6) with the connecting rod neck (4). In addition, detachable counterweights (not shown) are installed on the cheeks (3, 5). Counterweights are designed so that their forces and moments of inertia are equal to the unbalanced forces and moments of inertia of the piston compressor. The lateral and end surfaces of each cheek (3, 5) are curved. The landing surfaces of the cheeks (3, 5) for counterweights are made flat and contain mounting holes (12) (Figs. 3, 4).

The crankshaft contains a branched oil channel. The oil channel is designed to supply oil to the working surface of the connecting rod journal (4). The branches of the channel are interconnected so as to ensure the supply of lubricant to the surface of the connecting rod journal (4).

In this case, the oil channel contains:

- the first axial branch (13), the inlet of which is located at the end of the first shank (1), and the end is located in the first cheek (3);

- the second axial branch (14), the outlet (15) of which is located on the end surface of the first cheek (3), and the end is located in the crank pin (4);

- the first radial branch (16) connecting the first axial branch (13) and the second axial branch (14), while the outlet (17) of the first radial branch (14) is located on the landing surface of the first cheek (3) under the counterweight;

- the second and third radial branches (18, 19) connecting the working surface of the connecting rod journal (4) with the second axial branch (14).

Threads, preferably metric, are made in the outlet openings (15, 17) of the second axial branch (14) and the first radial branch (16) to secure the plugs therein.

Case Studies

Example 1. The landing surface of the cheeks (3, 5) under the balances contain two mounting holes (12) (figure 4).

Example 2. At the end of the second root neck (6), a seating surface (20) is made under the o-ring.

Example 3. The keyways (9) are made under the prismatic keys.

Example 4. The entire length of the second shank (7) and at the end of the second free surface (11) are made at least two grooves (9) for the tangential keys.

Example 5. In order to install the crankshaft on the machine, during its processing, center holes (23) are made on the shanks (1, 7). At the same time, four mounting holes (24) are made around the center hole (23) of the second shank (7), designed to be installed on the shaft end face with a hole of rectangular cross-section, designed to fit a handle for manual rotation of the shaft.

The implementation of the structural elements of the claimed invention is not limited to the above examples.

Work description.

In the outlets (15, 17) of the second axial branch (14) and the first radial branch (16), plugs are pre-fixed, after which counterweights are installed on the cheeks (3, 5). The crankshaft is driven by a drive motor connected to a second shaft end (7). The rotation of the shaft occurs in rolling bearings mounted on the main journals (2, 6), while the movement is transmitted to the connecting rods installed on the connecting rod neck (4). Oil is supplied to the inlet of the first axial branch (13) of the oil channel. Then the oil flows through the branches (16), (14), (18) and (19) of the oil channel to the connecting rod bearings.

Thus, from the foregoing, it follows that in the inventive crankshaft, the claimed technical results: “elimination of self-unscrewing of the plug from the radial branch of the oil channel made in the cheek of the crankshaft” and “simplification of drilling and cleaning of the above radial branch” are achieved due to the fact that the shaft cranked contains at least one root neck, at least one connecting rod neck and at least one cheek, in which the axial branches of the branched oil channel are made. At the same time, a counterweight is detachably mounted on the cheek, and a radial branch made in the cheek connects the axial branches of the adjacent main and connecting rod necks. The outlet of the radial branch is located on the landing surface of the cheek under the counterweight.

As mentioned above, in the prototype [1] the outlet of the radial branch of the first cheek is located on the outer curved surface of this cheek. When the crankshaft rotates, the plug installed in this hole acts on a centrifugal force directed along the axis of the outlet from the center of rotation. Under the action of this force, the plug is self-unscrewing. A centrifugal force also acts on the plug installed in the outlet of the second axial branch. However, it is directed perpendicular to the axis of the outlet and does not lead to self-unscrewing of the plug. The inventive crankshaft has an outlet (17) of the radial branch (16) located on the landing surface of the cheek (3) under the counterweight. When the crankshaft rotates, the counterweight compresses the plug and thereby prevents self-unscrewing. With this arrangement of the outlet (17), there is no need to use a punch of the threaded connection, which simplifies the cleaning of the first radial branch (16). In addition, when drilling the radial branch (16), the drill does not move.

Industrial applicability

The inventor made a prototype of the claimed crankshaft, tests of which confirmed the achievement of the technical result.

The inventive crankshaft is implemented using industrially produced devices and materials, can be manufactured at any machine-building enterprise and will be widely used in all areas of activity where conversion of the rotational motion of the crankshaft to the reciprocating crosshead or piston is required.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Pospelov G.A., Plastinin P.I., Schwartz A.I., Safin A.Kh. Volumetric compressors. Atlas of designs. M .: Engineering, 1994

Claims (13)

1. A crankshaft containing at least one main neck, at least one connecting rod neck and at least one cheek, in which the axial branches of the branched oil channel are made, while the counterweight is detachably mounted on the cheek, and the axial branches of the adjacent main and connecting rod the necks are connected by a radial branch made in the cheek, characterized in that the outlet of the radial branch is located on the landing surface of the cheek under the counterweight. 2. The crankshaft according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains sequentially arranged first first shank, first root neck, first cheek, connecting rod neck, second cheek, second root neck and second shank. 3. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that the oil channel contains a first axial branch, the inlet of which is located on the end of the first shank, and the end is located in the first cheek, the second axial branch, the outlet of which is located on the end surface of the first cheek, and the end is located in the connecting rod neck, the first radial branch connecting the first axial branch and the second axial branch, the second and third radial branches connecting the working surface of the connecting rod neck to the second axial branch. 4. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that on the second shank there are two keyways for the prismatic keys. 5. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that the main journals have equal diameters. 6. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that between the first shaft and the first root neck there is a seating surface under the spiral gear and the first free surface, and between the second shaft and the second root neck a second free surface is made. 7. The crankshaft according to claim 6, characterized in that a keyway is made on the seating surface under the spiral gear. 8. The crankshaft according to claim 6, characterized in that the diameter of the first shank is less than the diameter of the landing surface under the spiral gear. 9. The crankshaft according to claim 6, characterized in that at least two grooves for the tangential keys are made for the entire length of the second shank and at the end of the second free surface. 10. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that the landing surfaces of the cheeks under the counterweights contain two mounting holes. 11. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that the main journals overlap the connecting rod journal. 12. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that at the end of the second root neck there is a seating surface under the o-ring. 13. The crankshaft according to claim 2, characterized in that a center hole is made on the second shank, and four mounting holes are made around the center hole of the second shank.

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