RU2562675C1 - Development of air cushion by redirection of jet for short takeoff - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to perfection of takeoff-landing performances with the help of special platforms mounted at runways. At takeoff roll air cushion is created increases aircraft airfoils lift, primarily, by redirection of jets by curved reflector made of refractory material towards lower surface of wings and fuselage to produced, finally, the lift involved in perfection of takeoff-landing performances and decrease in required takeoff roll to rotation.

EFFECT: better takeoff-landing performances, decreased takeoff roll.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to aircraft, in particular, to methods for improving the take-off and landing performance (HPH) of an aircraft (LA) using special platforms mounted on the runways.

State of the art

Various patents and jet jet reflector designs are known in the art, which eliminate the adverse environmental effects of the latter. In patent US 3080937A, publ. 03/12/1963, it was proposed to use a jet jet reflector, which also serves to reduce the noise produced by an aircraft gas turbine engine. This is done by redirecting the jets up using a series of weathervanes installed sequentially under a specific configuration in order to achieve vertical redirection.

In addition, in patent US 4173323A, publ. 11/06/1979, it is proposed to use a device that performs the function of reducing the take-off run by supplying the end of the runway deck with a ramp that bends longitudinally upwards to perform a short take-off. This provides a large angle of attack of the aircraft during take-off, which increases take-off lift and reduces the time and distance until the separation speed is reached. In addition, the runways under consideration contain an auxiliary ramp at the edge, which serves to supply a certain moment of pitch during take-off. To improve the functionality of such a scheme in the patent US 4267991A, publ. 05/19/1981, it is additionally proposed to use folding portable "mobile" runways for aircraft of the Harrier category and other similar aircraft with three-wheeled landing gears. A special truck is used to transport portable runways.

There is another method for short take-off proposed in the patent US 7594624 B2 publ. 09/29/2009, where the aircraft is based on a sliding inclined platform, providing the aircraft with an initial angle of attack. The platform, starting from the starting point, is accelerated using a guiding device, i.e. rail, and a special catapult drive to a certain distance, where the power plant is launched at maximum speed.

The closest in structural essence to the claimed invention is a method, further a device, in patent US 2974910A, publ. 03/14/1961, where it is proposed to use a curved or semicircular reflector of jet jets, which in turn directs them far vertically. This reflector is attached to the surface of the runway at a certain distance for optimal capture of the jets. It should be noted that the considered circuit is not exclusive for the implementation of the reflection function of jet jets, since devices and mechanisms can be made in different designs.

A well-known drawback of the described technical solutions is that the large power created by the jet jets is not used to implement any other function, similar to that we proposed for creating an air cushion under the aircraft, which improves its HPC.

Disclosure of invention

The task to which the proposed method is aimed is to ensure the optimal use of jet jets of an aircraft, especially on aircraft carriers.

Achievable from the application of the proposed method, the technical result consists in improving the take-off and landing characteristics of the aircraft and reducing its take-off.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of creating an air cushion increases the lifting force of the aircraft bearing surfaces during take-off, mainly by redirecting the jet jets with a curved reflector made of heat-resistant material to the lower surface of the wings and fuselage, creating, as a result, the lifting force involved in Improving the HPV and reducing the required takeoff distance to the separation of the aircraft from the runway. The surface of the runway is made in the form of a redirectional grid, which has small transverse openings and serves to direct jet jets reflected at an angle of 30 ° -45 ° degrees from the capture reflector to a pipe located under the runway with an expanding diameter, the entrance to which is installed an initial curved wall, guiding the jet to the exit using the final curved wall, and the described pipe additionally contains an integrated blocking panel to prevent adverse leakage of jet jets from its middle part. The duration of the process of creating an air cushion until the moment the aircraft is torn off is supported by accelerated tracking of the entire structure, sliding on rails using small wheels.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The implementation of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a jet stream redirection unit to lower aircraft bearing surfaces.

FIG. 1b - schematically shows a longitudinal section of the installation of redirection of jet jets to the lower bearing surfaces of the aircraft.

The proposed method of redirecting thrust jets 3 of an aircraft (LA) includes a catching reflector 4 having a curved profile for catching an ejected thrust jet 3. Thrust jets using a redirecting mesh 4, which is the surface of the runway (runway), pass through the pipe 10, where their temperature decreases during the expansion process. At the end of the pipe 10, the thrust jets are redirected again using the end curved wall 12 and the net 5. The blocking panel 11 is used to prevent leakage of the thrust jet in the case of vertical flow when the jet passes through the pipe 10. The requirement for the constant creation of an air cushion during take-off is fulfilled a special sliding mechanism of the entire guide installation on the rails 8, using the appropriate wheels 7.

The system operates as follows: returning to FIG. 1a, which shows the capture reflector 4 of the jet 3, which is located behind the nozzle of the jet engine LA 2 at a distance sufficient to ensure optimal capture of the most laminar jets 3. The capture reflector 4, cooled by a special method to withstand temperatures above 1250 ° C, can be manufactured made of aluminum alloy or heat resistant metal. The dimensions of the considered capture reflector 4 having a curved profile (curved or hemispherical shape), as a rule, depend on the power of the jet engine and the distance from the nozzle 2 to the installation of the capture reflector 4.

A curved guide panel 6 under the runway surface is connected to this capture reflector 4 by an appropriate method, which serves to tilt the incoming jets to the outlet of the pipe 10 located under the redirecting net 5. The redirecting grid 5 is a take-off and landing strip (runway) that can withstand the weight of the aircraft in operation 1 and the temperature of the reactive jets 3 captured and redirected to it; therefore, it is made of high-strength hard metals with good heat-resistant properties and and durability. The thickness of the grid 5 depends on the weight of the aircraft in operation 1. Penetration of the jet 3 is realized using numerous small holes (see Fig. 1b), inclined along the profile of the grid 5 at an angle (30 ° -45 °) degrees to achieve optimal redirection with the smallest loss of power of the jet stream, formed due to the eddy resistance above the grid 5. In order to achieve optimal aerodynamic streamlining of the jets, it is recommended to make holes with non-sharp edges. After passing the redirected jets 3 through the grid 5, they are cooled in the pipe 10 to eliminate their adverse effects on the aircraft and its components. High temperatures and strong blowing can damage some parts of the casing, navigation lights, various sensors and payloads, such as fuel tanks and weapons, located on the lower surface of the aircraft 1. Cooling can be carried out through the use of thermodynamic phenomena, for example, the expansion of the jet stream 3 in the pipe 10, made with a reduced, to some extent, the diameter of the input channel compared to the output. In addition, as an additional method of cooling, you can apply, for example, mixing passing jets with a cold stream, which ultimately implements the effective formation of an artificial air cushion with safe temperature and airflow parameters.

The redirecting wall 12, having a curved profile opposite the direction of the panel 6, serves to re-direct the jet stream 3 towards the lower part of the bearing surfaces of the aircraft 1. This is due to the creation of an air cushion due to jets that exit at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the holes of the redirecting mesh 5 The advantage of this approach is to avoid surging of the jet engine compressor, which may occur in the case of vertical blowing, and to provide an initial angle of attack abegayuschego stream (α _i), i.e. the angle of blowing the jets of the air cushion (see Fig. 1A). The described situation, by its basic layout, plays a role in improving the take-off and landing performance (HPC) of the aircraft 1, since as a result of this process an initial lifting force is created, the vector module of which is added to the module of the lifting force vector from the bearing surfaces, which is equal to zero during aircraft parking 1 (zero speed). Thus, we are implementing a method of creating an air cushion that improves the HPC of LA 1.

During the runway run-up, the speed of LA 1 sharply increases to the separation speed, at which the lifting force from the bearing surfaces reaches a value sufficient to overcome gravity. In this process, wings are the most important elements of a conventional aircraft pattern. However, in the case of using the method we have proposed, the takeoff distance should be reduced only if the condition for creating an air cushion along the entire runway until the aircraft is torn off 1. Despite the fact that we do not consider the device implementing our method in this invention. It should be noted that in general terms, the approach to the implementation of this requirement is due to the tracking of LA 1 by the proposed redirection unit. Therefore, in FIG. Fig. 1a shows a schematically simplest tracking principle, on the basis of which, when accelerating an aircraft, the whole installation slides on rails 8 with a special mechanism using the corresponding small wheels 7, with an acceleration equal to the acceleration acceleration of an aircraft 1 during take-off. The mechanism may include various mechanical, electrical and electronic systems that implement the tracking function. In such a process, the vectors for blowing the jets with an air cushion and lifting force are added, leading to a separation speed of time and distance that is comparatively less than those required if only bearing surfaces are used.

The implementation of this method can be effectively and widely implemented at ground airfields or decks in order to reduce the takeoff of aircraft, which extends the operational capabilities of various runways.

Claims (4)

1. The method of creating an air cushion that increases the lifting force of the bearing surfaces of the aircraft during take-off mainly by redirecting the jet stream with a curved reflector made of heat-resistant material to the lower surface of the wings and fuselage, creating as a result the lifting force involved in improving the take-off and landing characteristics and reducing the required take-off distance to the separation of the aircraft from the runway. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the runway is made in the form of a redirectional grid having small transverse openings, which serves to direct jet jets reflected from the trap reflector at an angle of 30 ° -45 °. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that under the runway place a pipe with a diameter expanded relative to its length, at the entrance to which an initial curved wall is installed, directing the jet stream to the exit using the final curved wall, with an average of A blocking panel is integrated in the pipe section to prevent leakage of passing jet streams. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the duration of the process of creating an air cushion until the aircraft is torn off is supported by accelerated tracking of it with the entire structure, sliding on rails using small wheels.

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