RU2562006C1 - Space telescopic refrigerator-radiator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: hollow telescopic refrigerator-radiator (TRR) contains extensible hollow sections which comprise the docking assemblies. These assemblies provide mechanical joining of sections, and also connection of hydraulic, pneumatic and electric communications of adjacent sections of TRR after their separation. Each sliding section is fitted with two rigid heat-radiating 180° rotatable panels connected with this section by rotation assemblies. The named panels reproduce a shape of the sliding section and are laid in starting position on TRR sliding section surface. The named panels can be implemented as segments connected by flexible pipelines and hinges with drives providing rotation and fixing of segments in working position.

EFFECT: increase of TRR energy-mass efficiency by increase of effective area of their heat-radiating surfaces.

2 cl, 37 dwg

Description

The invention relates to space coolers-emitters (CI) used to discharge excess thermal energy generated by various systems of spacecraft (SC). This excess thermal energy can be generated both by the power systems of the spacecraft, for example, a nuclear or solar power plant, and by office or target equipment. The need to discharge a large amount of excess thermal energy, especially in the case of its low temperature, may require a large area refrigerator-radiator. The presence of CI of a large area can cause difficulties in the layout of the spacecraft under the fairing of the launch vehicle.

A known design of a similar CI of a space nuclear power plant described in the book "Fundamentals of the theory of the design and operation of space nuclear power plants" / A.A. Kulandin, S.V. Timashev, V.D. Atamasov et al. - L.: Energoatomizdat, Leningrad. Department, 1987, 283 pp., in which the increase in the area of CI is due to the telescopic extension of the refrigerator-emitter.

The disadvantage of the proposed design is the presence of flexible sections of pipelines that provide hydraulic communication between the different sections of the CI after its separation. Flexible sections of pipelines make it difficult to place in the folded state one section of CI in another, since they require additional space for their placement inside the extendable section. Therefore, the number of CI sections is limited to two, and inside the folded CI there is no possibility to place other elements of the nuclear power plant, for example, instrument-and-assembly compartment (PAO). The same difficulties will be with the placement of conductive tires.

The closest technical solution to the claimed one is CI Nuclear Power Plant, described in the patent for the invention “Nuclear Power Plant of the Spacecraft”, RU 2461495 C1 of 09/20/2012., In which the hollow cylindrical sliding sections of the CI are equipped with docking units providing mechanical docking of the sections themselves, and also appropriate docking units for connecting hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical communications of adjacent sections of the refrigerator-emitter after they are separated.

The disadvantage of the design of CI NPS is that the heat is released by radiation only from the outer surface of the CI. The inner side of CI is not involved in the process of heat release, which reduces its energy-mass efficiency by half.

The objective of the invention is to increase the energy-mass efficiency of the CI of the energy systems of the spacecraft.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the space telescopic refrigerator-emitter is hollow with the possibility of placing spacecraft elements in it and consists of sliding hollow sections. At the same time, the docking units were introduced into the sliding sections, which ensure the mechanical docking of the sections themselves, as well as, respectively, the docking nodes for connecting hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical communications of adjacent sections of the space telescopic refrigerator-emitter after they are separated. Each sliding section of the space telescopic refrigerator-emitter is equipped with two 180 ° rotatable rigid heat-emitting panels connected to the sliding section by turning units, respectively, while these heat-emitting panels repeat the shape of the sliding section and are laid in the starting position on the surface of the sliding section of the refrigerator-emitter.

The essence of the invention also lies in the fact that each rotatable rigid heat-emitting panel is made of at least two segments interconnected pivotally.

The technical result achieved by this invention is to increase the energy-mass efficiency of a space telescopic refrigerator-emitter. This result is achieved by the fact that on each section of the telescopic CI there are two rigid heat-emitting panels rotated through 180 °. In this case, heat emission by radiation occurs both from the external surface of the heat-emitting panels and the internal one, which significantly increases the overall surface of the heat emission with almost the same mass and equal starting dimensions of the CI with the prototype. As a result of this, the specific gravity of space CI decreases, i.e. its energy-mass efficiency increases, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the mass of the entire spacecraft. The presence of only two rigid heat-emitting panels rotatable through 180 ° minimizes the loss of space CI efficiency due to heat re-emission between the heat-emitting panels.

The rotation of the rigid heat-emitting panels of the CI sections through 180 ° can be carried out, for example, using special electric drives and rotary units.

Figures 1 and 2 show a general view of a nuclear power plant with a space telescopic CI (each telescopic section of which is equipped with two rigid heat-emitting panels rotated through 180 °) in the starting position.

Figure 3 presents a section aa of figure 2.

Figure 4 presents a section bB of figure 1.

Figure 5 presents section bb in figure 1.

In Fig.6, 7 presents remote views I and II of Fig.1.

On Fig, 9, 10 and 11 presents remote views III, IV, V and VI of figure 3.

12 and 13 are general views of a nuclear power plant with a space-mounted space telescopic CI (each telescopic section of which is equipped with two rigid heat-emitting panels rotated through 180 °). On Fig shows a section aa in Fig 2.

On Fig, 15, 16 and 17 presents remote views VII, VIII, IX and X of Fig.12.

On Fig and 19 presents a General view of a nuclear power plant with a space telescopic CI (each telescopic section of which is equipped with two rotatable 180 ° rigid radiating panels) in the assembled state.

On Fig presents section aa in Fig.19.

On Fig presents section bB of Fig. 18.

On Fig presents section bb in Fig.

On Fig, 24 presents remote views XI and XII in Fig. 18.

On Fig, 26, 27 and 28 presents remote views XIII, XIV, XV and XVI of Fig.20.

On Fig presents a diagram of bringing rotated 180 ° hard heat-saving panels in the working position.

On Fig and 31 presents a General view of a nuclear power plant with a space telescopic CI (each telescopic section of which is equipped with two rotatable 180 ° rigid radiating panels) in working condition. On Fig shows a section aa in Fig 19.

On Fig, 33, 34 and 35 presents remote views of XVII, XVIII, XIX and XX of Fig.30.

On Fig presents a polyhedron inscribed in a cylinder of radius R and length L.

On Fig presents the dependence of the relative area of the polyhedron (relative to the area of the described cylinder) on the number of faces.

The structure, for example, nuclear power plants, includes reactor 1, radiation protection 2, equipment compartment 3, sliding sections XI 4 with gear guide rails 5, extension drives 6, track rollers 7, niche 8 electrical cables 9, docking rings 10.11 with hydraulic connectors 12, 13, electrical connectors 14, 15, tightening hooks 16, 17, folding heat-radiating panels 18, rotation drives of panels 19 with gears 20, rotation units 21 and 22, pipelines 23, PAO 24 with extension drives 25, support ring 26 with track rollers 27 and power frame 28 with toothed rails their slats 29.

Bringing the refrigerator-emitter of the nuclear power plant in working condition is as follows. After separation of the nuclear power unit from the carrier rocket (LV), the PAO 24 is extended using the extension drives 25 and the toothed guide rails 29 from the inner space of the power frame 28 located inside the CI section 4. When extended, the PAO 24 relies on the support rollers 27 located on the support ring 26. Toothed guide rails 29 are located on the power frame 28 and can also be a power structural element. After the extension of the PAO 24, the extension of the CI 4 sections begins using the extension drives 6 and the toothed guide rails 5. The extension is carried out in the direction opposite to the support ring 26, until each of the connecting rings 11 rests in the connecting ring 10 of the previous section of the CI 4. After this, the gearing and tightening the rings using hooks 16 and 17 located on the connecting rings 10 and 11. At the same time, the hydraulic connectors 13 on the connecting rings 11 are connected with the hydraulic connectors 12 on the connecting rings 10. And also e the electrical connectors 14 on the connecting rings 10 are connected to the electrical connectors 15 on the connecting rings 11. After tightening, the panels 19 with the gears 20 of the hinged heat-radiating panels 18 are opened by turning drives. Then, the tightness of the hydraulic connectors is checked (for example, by boosting the pipelines with gas), as well as the integrity of the electrical circuits, and the pipelines are filled with regular heat carrier, and the launch and conclusion of the nuclear power plant to the operating mode.

Rotated 180 ° rigid heat-emitting panels 18 can be made in the form of heat-emitting segments 30 connected by flexible piping 31 and hinges 32 with actuators 33, providing rotation and fixing of the segments 30 in the working position.

A rigid heat-emitting panel can be made in the form of a polyhedron inscribed in a cylinder (see Fig. 36). The use of a polyhedron makes the design of a rigid heat-emitting panel of a refrigerator-emitter more technologically advanced, since the creation of flat panels is simpler than cylindrical. The area of the polyhedron and cylinder is determined by the formula:

S _many = 2 × n × L × R × sin (π / n);

S _cyl = 2 × π × L × R, where

n is the number of faces of a polyhedron ≥2;

π is the number pi;

R is the radius of the cylinder;

L is the length of the heat-emitting panel.

In this case, the area of the polyhedron, referred to the area of the describing cylinder, is determined by the formula:

S _rel [%] = n × sin (π / n) × 100 / π, where

n is the number of faces of a polyhedron ≥2;

π is the number pi.

On Fig shows the dependence of S _rel on the number of faces inscribed in the cylinder of the polyhedron. For an inscribed flat panel (n = 2), its total area will be only 63.5% of the cylinder area.

The relative area of the tetrahedron inscribed in the cylinder (n = 4) will already be 90%, and the inscribed dodecahedron (n = 12) will be 99%. From this it follows that the most rational is the creation of sliding sections of the refrigerator-emitter in the form of polyhedrons with the number of faces from 4 to 12.

A rigid heat-emitting panel rotated through 180 ° in a semi-cylindrical or multifaceted shape has a total heat emission area equal to:

S _panels = π × R × L × S _rel / 100 + 2 × R × L = R × L × (π × S _rel / 100 + 2), where

R is the radius of curvature of the cylindrical panel;

L is the length of the heat-emitting panel;

S _rel - the area of the polyhedron, referred to the area of the describing cylinder in% (for a cylindrical panel S _rel = 100%);

π is the number pi.

The first term in this equation describes the area of the outer surface of the rigid heat-emitting panel rotated through 180 °, and the second term describes the heat-emitting area of its inner surface. It can be seen that the use of two rigid heat-emitting panels rotated through 180 ° will increase the total area of heat radiation in

K = 1 + 4 × R × L / (2 × π × R × L × S _rel / 100) = 1 + (2 × 100 / (π × S _rel )) = 1.64 × 100 / S _rel .

A further increase in the area of the rigid heat-emitting panel rotated through 180 ° is possible due to its straightening to the plane, which is possible if the heat-emitting panel is made in the form of separate flat segments articulated between each other. In this case, the rigid heat-emitting panel rotated through 180 ° will have a total area of heat emission:

S _panels = 2 × π × R × L × S _rel / 100.

The use of two rigid heat-emitting panels rotated through 180 °, made in the form of a combination of flat heat-emitting segments articulated between each other, will allow to increase the total heat emission area of the space cooler-emitter in K = (4 × π × R × L × S _rel / 100) / ( 2 × π × R × L × S _rel / 100) = 2 times. In this case, the re-emission between the 180-turn rigid heat-emitting panels will be practically absent.

Claims (2)

1. A space telescopic refrigerator-emitter made hollow with the possibility of placing elements of a spacecraft (SC) in it and consisting of sliding hollow sections, including docking nodes, providing mechanical docking of the sections themselves, as well as, respectively, docking nodes for connecting hydraulic and pneumatic and electrical communications of adjacent sections of the space telescopic refrigerator-emitter after their separation, characterized in that each sliding section of the space telescope opicheskogo refrigerator emitter is provided with two turns 180 ° rigid radiant panels connected with the sliding section of the rotation units, respectively, wherein said radiant panels the same shape as the sliding section and stacked in the starting position on the surface. 2. Space telescopic refrigerator-emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that each sliding section is equipped with two 180 ° rotatable rigid heat-emitting panels, each of which is made of at least two segments interconnected by a hinge.

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