RU2560226C1 - Staroverov(s muscular drive (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the options of the muscular drive. Under the first option the drive contains pedals or handles and torsion spring, that at one end is connected with the load, for example with drive, and at another end is connected with the overrunning clutch secured on the bedplate, and additionally with one or more overrunning clutches connected with pedals and handles. All overrunning clutches permit rotation of the second spring end to one direction only. Under the second option the drive contains pedals or handles connected with the compressor, that is connected with the tank connected with the pneumatic engine. Gas exhaust from the pneumatic engine is directed to the compressor input via the intermediate elastic tank.

EFFECT: assurance of maximum degree of muscular energy conservation to made work.

9 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for converting the muscular energy of a person or animal into the movement of a vehicle or cargo. The main field of application of the invention is sports, recreational and tourist vehicles: bicycles, boats, muscle cars.

The cost of human muscular energy is not in direct proportion to the work done by a person. For example, if you put a barbell of sufficient weight on a person’s raised hands and ask him to hold it, then after a while a man will exhaust the barbell, because he will not be able to hold it, although he did not do a single joule of work - because the barbell remained on the same place.

If at the same time ask a person to cyclically raise and lower the barbell, then after a number of cycles of raising and lowering, he will not be able to once again raise the barbell, although by the sum of the cycles he not only did no work, but also received the potential energy of the barbell.

If you ask a person to cyclically raise and lower the barbell not at their ergonomically convenient pace, but in slow motion, it turns out that he was able to do a much smaller number of cycles than at an arbitrary pace.

It is also noted that the tension of the muscles of a person does not occur instantly, but requires a certain amount of time to reach the regime of the necessary or maximum strength.

In view of the foregoing, it follows that in order to carry out the greatest amount of work, a person must be able to move with a certain, sufficiently high speed, and with a certain - not maximum and not too small force. But the speed of application of force on muscle vehicles is limited by a fairly moderate average speed of their movement - a bicycle, a boat, etc.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to obtain the maximum degree of conversion of muscular energy into the work performed.

OPTION 1. For this, it is necessary to perceive the strength of the muscles of a person at a speed convenient for him, and then use up the received energy with the speed of movement of the vehicle. To do this, you need an energy accumulator, for example, a spring. That is, such a drive contains, as usual, pedals or handles, and also contains a torsion spring, which is connected at one end to a load, for example, a mover, and at the other end is connected to an overrunning clutch fixed in the frame and to one or more freewheeling couplings connected to pedals or handles, and all freewheeling couplings allow the rotation of the second end of the spring only in one direction.

As an overrunning clutch, all known varieties of such couplings can be used - ratchet, ball, roller or wedge overrunning clutches. The ratchet clutch has a slight drawback in this quality - it will emit clicks.

As a torsion spring, a plane-coil spring (the so-called "clock"), a volume-spiral, or a torsion bar, or a drum with an elastic cord wound around it can be used (the latter is less desirable, since rubber and other elastic materials have increased internal friction). Steel can be used as a spring material, and for sports options - titanium or composite material (carbon fiber, etc.).

In order to bring the angular speed of rotation of the spring and the propulsion device (bicycle wheel, boat screw, muscle screw) into the power transmission stream, a reducer or a multiplier can be fitted anywhere. Moreover, with a constant or variable gear ratio. There are three possible options: in front of the mover, after the pedals or handles, and between the freewheel and the spring. For different vehicles, different options are optimal. For a bicycle, in which the speed of rotation of the wheel on the descent and on the rise can differ by several times, and the effort on the pedals is almost constant (it cannot be greater than the weight of a person), it makes sense to use the multiplier in front of the wheel (ordinary bicycle chain multi-speed gear), so that the working range of the spring force was approximately constant. And for a boat or muscle, it makes sense to place the multiplier immediately after the pedals or handles to reduce the torque on the overrunning clutches.

On a bicycle or wheeled mover of a catamaran, in addition, there may be a freewheel in front of the mover so that it can move by inertia. On a boat with a screw or on a muscular with a screw, such a clutch is impractical, since the resistance of a rotating propeller is greater than the resistance of a fixed one.

Since the dimensions of the drive are limited in some cases, a motion transducer located after the pedals or handles can be used to convert the cyclic ergonomic movement of pedals or handles into the cyclic rotational movement of the element following it. For example, a parallelogram lever or trapezoidal system, a rocker gear, a chain gear with a longitudinally moving carriage, a gear train with a gear rack, a drum with a cable, etc.

The muscular movement cycle consists of a force phase and a reverse phase. In some cases, pedals or handles can be reset to their original position. For example, you can not only push the pedal, but also, if there is a special clamp on the pedal, pull it up. A paddle-type handle can not only be pulled, but also pushed to its original position. But in some cases, a return to the starting position by a person is inconvenient or impossible. In this case, the drive must have a return spring (s) of the pedals or handles.

Figure 1 shows the simplest muscular drive, consisting of handles or pedals RP, node reverse clutches of the UOM, spring P and propeller D (for example, a wheel).

It works like this: cyclically moving the handles or pedals RP, a person through the first overrunning clutch from the overrunning clutch assembly of the UOM rotates one end of the spring P. The second overrunning clutch from the UOM assembly is connected to the bed and does not allow the spring to unwind. One end of the spring P cyclically twists, and its second end is constantly twisting the propulsion D.

Figure 2 shows the most complex muscular drive, where: RP handle or pedal, VP - return spring. Returning the handles or pedals to their original position, PD - motion converter, UOM - overrunning clutch assembly, P - spring, M - multiplier, OM - additional overrunning clutch in front of the mover for inertia movement.

This drive works in the same way, while the PD motion converter converts a human-friendly movement into a movement that is technically rational. The multiplier M increases the angular velocity of the propulsion device D, and the optional overrunning clutch OM makes the inertia movement easy. And even without this clutch, inertia is possible, in this case the spring P will simply rotate in two overrunning clutches.

Figure 3 shows an exemplary view of a bicycle with such a drive. The bicycle consists of wheels 1 and frame 2. On the rear of the frame there is a U-shaped lever 3 with a platform 4 for legs, and with a gear rack 5. This rack engages with a gear wheel 6. The lever with the rack is both a motion converter and a multiplier . The gear wheel 6 through the overrunning clutch rotates the "clock" spring 7. Next - see figure 2.

The bicycle works like this: a person cyclically presses with both feet on the platform 4, and the lever 3 with his gear rack 5 cyclically rotates the gear wheel 6. It spins the spring 7 through the overrunning clutch, then see Fig. 2. The advantage of this drive is not only in the ergonomic nature of the effort, but also in the absence of bending forces on the spine, which require compensation and extra muscular effort to twist the torso. That is, a person makes symmetrical movements such as squats, only the body remains in place, and only the legs move. You can roughly say that to move at walking speed on a level road, just one “squat” for 40-50 meters is enough.

To quickly start driving, for example, at an intersection, this drive can also be used as an energy accumulator. To do this, in several movements, the spring is completely twisted when the wheel is braked, and at the right moment the brake is released and the bike begins to accelerate intensively.

4 shows a muscular screw drive for a boat. At the stern of the boat 8, a clamp is fixed to the drive body 9, at the upper end of which a drum 10 is fixed, and at the lower end - a gearbox 11 with a propeller 12 (as with a conventional outboard motor). Inside the drum 10 are overrunning clutches and a "clock" spring. From the second end of the spring there is a gear drive on a vertical shaft leading to a gearbox (not shown). Several coils of cord 13 are wound around the drum. A rubber cord 14, wound around the same drum, can be used as a return spring.

This drive works as follows: a person or several people cyclically pull on the cord 13 (for convenience, there are transverse arms). The cord cyclically rotates the drum 10, which spins the first end of the spring. Next - see figure 2, that is, the second end of the spring rotates through the vertical shaft and gear 11 of the propeller 12.

OPTION 2. Compressed air can be used as an energy accumulator. That is, the muscular drive contains pedals or handles that are connected to the compressor, which through the check valve (may be an accessory of the compressor) pumps air into the tank, from which it enters the air motor that rotates the load.

To move by inertia, the tank has a check valve directed inside the tank.

Since the air will heat up under adiabatic compression, the tank has thermal insulation to prevent the loss of this energy into the atmosphere.

In this embodiment, a motion transducer, a return spring and a gearbox or a multiplier can also be used.

To prevent the intake of dusty or too humid air, the gas outlet from the air motor can be directed to the compressor inlet through an intermediate elastic tank.

The drive works like this: a person pumps air into a container with a compressor, from where it enters the air motor and rotates the load, for example, a mover.

OPTION 3. A hydraulic accumulator can be used as an energy accumulator. In this case, the pedals or handles are connected to a pump, which is connected through a non-return valve (which may be a pump accessory) to a hydraulic accumulator, which is connected to a hydraulic motor that rotates the load. The option works essentially the same as pneumatic.

OPTION 4. An electric battery or capacitor may be used as an energy accumulator. That is, the muscular drive comprises an electric battery or capacitor connected to a generator, in turn connected to pedals or handles, and connected to an electric motor.

Moreover, for better energy conversion, the drive may have an electronic circuit that converts the current into a three-phase current of the desired frequency (such converters are widely used in electric aircraft models).

It is advisable to use a capacitor, since it, unlike the battery, has almost no internal losses and has an almost unlimited service life. Advancement in the field of capacitors has made it possible to obtain a relatively light capacitor of sufficient capacity.

As in previous embodiments, the actuator may include a motion transducer, a return spring and a gearbox or a multiplier.

Claims (9)

1. A muscular drive containing pedals or handles, characterized in that it contains a torsion spring, which is connected at one end to a load, for example a propulsion device, and at the other end is connected to an overrunning clutch fixed in the frame and to one or more overruns couplings connected to pedals or handles, and all overrunning couplings allow the rotation of the second end of the spring in only one direction. 2. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratchet clutch or a ball, or roller, or wedge overrunning clutch is used as an overrunning clutch. 3. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that a torsion spring or a coil-spring, or a torsion bar, or a drum with an elastic cord wound around it is used as a torsion spring. 4. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that in any place of the power transmission stream there is a gearbox or multiplier with a constant or variable gear ratio. 5. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that there is additionally a freewheel in front of the mover. 6. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a motion converter located after the pedals or handles, for example, a lever parallelogram or trapezoidal system, or a rocker gear, or a chain gear with a longitudinally moving carriage, or a gear train with a gear rack, or cable drum. 7. The drive according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive has at least one return spring of the pedals or handles. 8. A muscular drive comprising pedals or handles that are connected to a compressor, which is connected to a container connected to an air motor, characterized in that the gas outlet from the air motor is directed to the compressor inlet through an intermediate elastic tank. 9. The actuator according to claim 8, characterized in that the tank has a check valve directed inside the tank.

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