RU2560106C1 - Centrifugal separator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: centrifugal separator comprises casing with lid and bottom, steam-water mixture supply nozzle, and steam and water removal nozzles. The steam-water mixture supply nozzle is made vertical inside the casing with several holes and plug in top part, in holes zone between the nozzle and casing there is ring, inside it there are blades having arc-like form with each blade start near the nozzle and each blade end at the ring, start and end of each two blades are located at one ring diameter, most projecting points of the arc at each two arc-like blades are also located at one diameter, angle between the diameter, on which start and end of the blades are located, and adjacent diameter, on which the most projecting points of the blades arc are located, is 15 degrees, hole rows of the steam-water mixture supply nozzle are located between starts of blades, below ring between the nozzle and casing the cone with slots in bottom part is installed.

EFFECT: invention excludes steam removal during steam-water mixture separation.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for separating a steam-water mixture into steam and water and can be used in the design of separation devices of steam generating equipment.

Known centrifugal separator of steam-water mixture, comprising a vertical cylindrical body with upper and lower end walls, pipes for supplying steam-water mixture and removal of steam and water. The steam inlet and outlet pipes are located respectively on the upper and lower end walls, the water outlet pipe is connected to the cylindrical body, and the flow inlet is swirled using a spatula (Kemelman D.N. Linear separation of wet steam. M., Energoizdat, 1982, p. . 59, Fig. 3.14).

The disadvantages of the known centrifugal separator is the presence of a scapular apparatus, which complicates the design, as well as the movement along almost the entire length of the steam (down the cylinder volume) and water (flowing down the inner surface), which increases the stall and entrainment of moisture, and therefore worsens the efficiency separator.

Known centrifugal separator of steam-water mixture, comprising a vertical cylindrical body with upper and lower end walls, nozzles for supplying steam-water mixture, connected tangentially to the cylindrical body, steam and water outlet pipes connected respectively to the upper and lower walls (Buznikov E.F. Cyclone separators in steam boilers. M., Energy, 1969, p. 73, Fig. 3-9, b).

A disadvantage of the known device is that it remains possible to tear and steam away part of the film of moisture flowing down the inner surface of the housing. In addition, at high tangential velocities of the vapor, separation sharply worsens. The reduced separation efficiency explains the appearance of structures with two-stage separation using complex devices - swirlers, inserts, etc. (Buznikov E.F., Veres A.A., Gribov V.V. Steam boilers for power plants and boiler houses. M., Energoatomizdat, 1989, pp. 77-81, Fig. 5.10-5.13). These solutions increase the separation efficiency, but due to a sharp complication of the structure with an inevitable increase in its resistance and pressure loss.

The closest to the proposed invention by technical essence is a centrifugal separator of steam-water mixture, including a vertical cylindrical body with upper and lower end walls, nozzles for supplying steam-water mixture, connected tangentially to the cylindrical case, steam and water outlet pipes connected respectively to the upper and lower walls, in which the steam outlet pipe is located inside the housing, while the lower edge of the steam outlet pipe with a hole for receiving steam is located below the pipe steam-water mixture by at least 0.2 diameter of the steam-water mixture supply pipes and above the lower end wall by a value not less than the case diameter, in addition, a diaphragm is installed on the lower edge of the steam removal pipe, the outer edge of which is located with an annular peripheral radial clearance relative to the case (RF patent No. 2206023, class F22B 37/32, publ. 06/10/2003 - prototype).

The known separator does not completely exclude the ablation of steam by water during the tangential introduction of a steam-water mixture.

The proposed invention solves the problem of eliminating the entrainment of steam during the separation of the steam-water mixture.

The problem is solved in that in a centrifugal separator comprising a housing with a lid and a bottom, a steam-water mixture supply pipe and steam and water removal pipes, according to the invention, a steam-water mixture supply pipe is made vertical inside the housing with rows of holes and a plug in the upper part, in the area of the holes a ring is placed between the nozzle and the casing, inside of which there are arcuate-shaped blades with the beginning of each blade at the nozzle and the end of each blade at the ring, the beginning and end of each two blades are placed on one Three rings, the most protruding points of the arc on each two arched blades are also placed on the same diameter, the angle between the diameter on which the beginning and end of the blades are located, and the neighboring diameter, on which the most protruding points of the arc of the blades are placed, is 15 degrees, rows of nozzle holes the steam-water mixture supply is located between the beginning of the blades, below the ring between the pipe and the body there is a cone with grooves in the lower part near the body, the steam pipe is located in the cover, the water pipe is located wives the bottom, wherein the bottom of the housing is fitting for discharging water from the overflow float valve, and pipes are provided with fitting and locking elements.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The separation of water and steam is accompanied either by the loss of steam carried away with the water, or by the incomplete separation of water from the steam, i.e. not complete separation. Existing centrifugal separators, basically, do not completely ensure the absence of steam entrainment with water during the tangential introduction of a steam-water mixture. The proposed invention solves the problem of eliminating the entrainment of steam during the separation of the steam-water mixture. The problem is solved by the centrifugal separator shown in FIG. 1 and 2.

The design of the separator shown in FIG. 1 and 2, includes the following elements: 1 - casing, 2 - cover, 3 - bottom, 4 - water outlet fitting, 5 - fitting for installing a safety valve, 6 - water outlet pipe, 7 - steam-water mixture supply pipe, 8 - steam outlet pipe, 9 - inspection hatch, 10 - level gauge column, 11 - pressure gauge, 12 - rows of holes, 13 - blades, 14 - ring, 15 - cone, 16 - overflow float valve, 17, 18 - valves, 19 - connecting tee, 20 — grooves, 21 — beginning of the scapula, 22 — end of the scapula, 23 — most protruding point of the arch of the scapula, 24 — diameter on which the beginning and the horse are placed each two blades, 25 is the diameter on which the most protruding points of the arc are placed on each two arched blades, α is the angle between the diameter on which the beginning and end of the blades are placed, and the neighboring diameter on which the most protruding points of the arc of the blades are placed, equal to 15 degrees.

Centrifugal separator operates as follows.

Inside the separator housing 1, a steam-water mixture flows through a pipe for supplying a steam-water mixture 7. Passing through the rows of openings 12, the steam-water mixture enters the cavities between the blades 13 and the ring 14. Due to the fact that the blades 13 have a rounded arc-shaped shape, a turbulence of the steam-water mixture occurs, water inclusions striking the surface of the blades 13 and rings 14 are separated from the steam-water mixture, they settle on the blades 13 and the ring 14, flow down the cone 15, flow under the cone 15 through the grooves 20 and flow down to the bottom 3, and the separated steam rises and leaves the casing 1 through the steam outlet 8 in the cover 2.

The main volume of water from the lower part of the housing 1 is removed through the water outlet 6 at the bottom 2. When the water level rises at the water outlet 4, the overflow float valve 16 periodically opens and an additional volume of water is drained through the nozzle 4. The water level is monitored through a level gauge 10.

In this mode of operation, the wedge gate valves 17 should be in the open position, and the gate valve 18 should be in the closed position. The fitting 4 and the pipe 6 through the valves installed on them 17 combines a connecting tee 19.

This method of removing water condensate from the separator allows you to use it without intermittent shutdown of the piping system of the steam-water mixture.

Separated water can also be removed through only one fitting 4 or pipe 6, for which only one of the valves 17 is blocked.

For emergency drainage of water condensate from the separator, a fitting is used to exit the separated water 6 with a valve 18 installed on it, which in this case will be in the open position, and the valve 17 in the closed position.

To remove the separated steam from the separator body, a steam outlet pipe 8 is used, on which another fitting is located to install a safety valve 5, which serves to prevent excessive pressure increase in the separator body, which is controlled through a pressure gauge 11.

Monitoring the operation of the separator during its operation can be done through the inspection hatch 9, located in the separating zone.

The cone 15 passes through the grooves 20 downward and at the same time prevents the supersaturated water vapor from ascending and falling into the steam outlet 8, which ensures the quality of the steam. The shape of the blades 13 and their arrangement, in which each diametrically opposed blades with the beginning of the blade 21 and the end of the blade 22 lie on the same diameter, contribute to the smooth flow of the process of separation of water from steam. This is also facilitated by the fact that the most protruding points of the arcs of the blades 23, which are diametrically opposed, are on the same diameter, and the angle α between the diameter on which the beginning and end of the blades are located, and the neighboring diameter, on which the most protruding points of the arc of the blades are located, equal to 15 degrees.

The selected configuration of the blades and their location in conjunction with other structural elements of the centrifugal separator ensures the elimination of steam entrainment during separation of the steam-water mixture.

Brief technical description of the centrifugal separator

Pressure: working 0.015 MPa; Estimated 0.02 MPa.

Temperature: working 175 ° C; estimated 200 ° C.

Working medium - steam-water mixture.

The volume of the separator is 1.6 m ³ .

Dimensions: length - 1296 mm; width - 1733 mm; height - 4094 mm.

Weight - 1120 kg.

Brief technical description of the separation zone

Number of holes - 56 pcs.

The diameter of the holes is 30 mm.

The number of blades - 14 pcs.

Dimensions of the blades: length - 262.5 mm; width - 230 mm.

Dimensions: diameter - 750 mm; height - 330 mm.

The use of the proposed centrifugal separator will eliminate the entrainment of steam during the separation of the steam-water mixture.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal separator comprising a housing with a lid and a bottom, a steam-water mixture supply pipe and steam and water removal pipes, characterized in that the steam-water supply pipe is vertical inside the body with rows of holes and a plug in the upper part, in the area of openings between the pipe and the body a ring, inside which there are arcuate-shaped blades with the beginning of each blade at the nozzle and the end of each blade at the ring, the beginning and end of each two blades are placed on the same diameter of the ring, most the soldering points of the arc on each two arcuate blades are also placed on the same diameter, the angle between the diameter on which the beginning and end of the blades are located, and the neighboring diameter, on which the most protruding points of the arc of the blades are placed, is 15 degrees, the rows of holes for the steam-water mixture supply pipe are located between the beginning of the blades, below the ring between the nozzle and the housing there is a cone with grooves in the lower part near the housing, the steam outlet pipe is located in the cover, the water outlet pipe is located in the bottom, while in the bottom second housing part is fitting for discharging water from the overflow float valve, and pipes are provided with fitting and locking elements.

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