RU2558445C1 - Extruder for production of rings with filling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: extruder contains a body, a screw with a drive and a matrix. The screw has a conic shape with steadily decreasing coil pitch. A ring hole intended to maintain the required temperature range is made in the body, inside the hole, along a helical line, a metal tape is positioned intended for helical rotation of heat medium. Heat medium is supplied into the ring hole though the lower nipple and is discharged through the upper nipple. Lined up to the matrix is the product conduit having four nipples positioned at an angle of 90° and connected to the ring-shaped cavity the external part whereof has a ring conic part. The product conduit is linked to the system ensuring pulse introduction of filling between the ready product layers. Before exit from the matrix, the product passes through the final moulding cavity. At the exit from the matrix, the product is cut off with a rotary blade adjusted for synchronous operation with the filling pulse delivery system.

EFFECT: invention usage will allow to increase the ready product quality as well as expand the range of products.

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Description

The invention relates to equipment for the production of extruded food from plant materials in various sectors of the processing industry.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a screw extruder for the production of products with filling [US Pat. No. 2277363 RF, IPC A23P 1/12, A21C 9/06, B29C 47/78. Screw extruder for the production of filling products. / Ostrikov A.N., Abramov O.V., Sokolov I.Yu. - 2005101155/13; Announced on 1/19/2005; Publ. 06/10/2006, Bull. No. 16], including a steamer, under which there are openings in the extruder body for supplying steam to the working chamber, made at an angle to its axis, with different diameters. The product pipeline is a device for feeding the filling and at the same time creating an air gap between it and the product shell, consisting of two concentric cylindrical tubes, each of which, in turn, is divided into two parts located at an angle of 90 ° to each other, connected between a threaded connection, one of them being in the upper part of the forming head, and the other along its axis. In this case, between the tubes located on the axis of the forming head from the front side, and in the forming channel inserted rings that impede the radial movement of the tubes.

A disadvantage of the known extruder design is the possibility of obtaining a product with only one type of filling, which reduces the output of the range of finished products, the formation of a dead zone, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the finished product.

An object of the invention is to obtain high quality extrudates balanced in protein composition, increasing their nutritional and biological value, expanding the range of extrudates, the possibility of introducing various fillings into the finished product, as well as eliminating the possibility of forming a “dead zone” of the product in the matrix.

The object of the invention is achieved by the fact that in the extruder for the production of ringlets with fillings containing a housing, an auger with a drive, a die, it is new that the auger has a conical shape with a constantly decreasing pitch of turns, an annular hole is made in the housing to maintain the necessary temperature range, inside of which a metal strip is arranged along a helical line for screw movement of the coolant into the annular hole through the bottom coolant is supplied, and through the upper one it is diverted, a product pipeline is supplied to the matrix, containing four nozzles located at an angle of 90 °, connected to an annular cavity, the outer part of which has an annular conical part, while the product pipeline is connected to a system that provides pulse input of the filling between the layers finished product, before exiting the matrix, the product passes through the cavity of the final molding, and at the exit from the matrix is cut off with a rotating knife configured to synchronously work with the system th filler filling.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the quality of the resulting finished product by introducing into the extrudate various fillings, eliminating the formation of a "dead zone" of the product in the matrix, and expanding the range of products.

In FIG. 1 shows the working chamber of an extruder for the production of rings with fillings, FIG. 2 - extruder die, FIG. 3 is a timing chart of the feed of products and the operation of the cutting knife; in FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a finished product with a filling.

Extruded products currently being produced are not balanced, because they are based on grain mixtures (rice, corn, etc.). Therefore, to increase their biological value and balance, a scientific justification for the selection of new multicomponent mixtures with a high content of proteins, vitamins and fat is necessary.

When choosing the formulation of the stuffed extrudate, a number of factors were considered. Firstly, the need for maximum enrichment of the extrudate, which contains mainly carbohydrates and protein components, with vitamins, fat in order to achieve their therapeutic, prophylactic or physiological dose. Secondly, the achievement of a pleasant taste and attractive structure characteristic of products of this class. Therefore, along with the developed structure of the extrudate, it is necessary to strive to obtain products balanced in nutritional and biological value.

The extruder is a housing 1 with a loading nozzle 2 of the matrix 3 and a screw 6 (Fig. 1).

An annular hole 5 is made in the housing 1, into which a coolant is supplied through a pipe 4, and it is discharged through a pipe 7. The inner annular hole 5 is located along the helix of the metal strip 16, designed for the helical movement of the coolant. The annular hole 5 is designed to maintain the required temperature range for the proper operation of the extruder.

A product duct 9 is connected to the matrix 3, consisting of a housing 14 and a die 15. A rod 10 is installed coaxially with the forming hole of the die 15. The product duct 9 feeds the filling into the annular cavity 11 through four nozzles 17 located at an angle of 90 °, as a result, the filling is distributed between the upper and the bottom layer of the extrudate (Fig. 2). Before the exit of the extruded product from the matrix, it passes through the cavity of the final molding of the product 8.

To obtain extrudates with a more balanced nutritional composition, it is necessary to introduce protein-vitamin mixtures into them, as well as fatty filling. With the introduction of these thermolabile fillings, together with the feedstock, they decompose when processed in an extruder under the influence of high temperatures and pressures. It is this consideration that necessitates the separate introduction of heat-sensitive filling into the resulting extrudate.

The rod 10 has a cone-shaped part 13, designed to ensure a smooth flow around the molten product, as well as to prevent the formation of dead zones. On the annular cavity 11 also has a cone-shaped edging 12, designed for a smooth redistribution of the movement of flows of the extrudate.

The extruder for the production of rings with fillings works as follows.

The electric motor is turned on, which, using the drive, drives the screw 6 into rotation.

The processed grain mixture through the loading pipe 2 enters the loading zone of the screw channel of the screw 6 and moves it due to the difference in friction between the product, the walls of the housing of the working chamber 1 and the screw channel of the screw 6.

As you move the product in the mixing zone is partially mixed, in the compression zone there is an abrupt increase in pressure and compaction of the product due to a sharp decrease in the size of the screw channel of the screws. In the plasticization zone, the product granules are transformed into a melt due to friction between the product particles and the screw turns. Then there is further compression of the product.

Then the product enters the homogenization zone, where it finally passes from the solid phase to the viscoplastic. Melting occurs on this site due to the conversion of the mechanical energy of the screw 6 into thermal energy, as well as due to internal friction directly in the product itself when the extruder is in autogenous mode.

Under the influence of significant pressures and temperatures, there is a violation of the ordering of the internal structure of the molecule, quantitatively determined by a change in the physicochemical properties of proteins (solubility, ability to hydrate, viscosity of solutions, resistance to enzymes, biological activity, etc. [Ostrikov, AN Extrusion in food technology [Text]. / AN Ostrikov, OV Abramov, AS Rudometkin. - SPb .: GIORD, 2004. - 288 p.].

The melt pressure of the product in the dosing zone reaches the required value, the final melting of small inclusions is ensured, and a melt is formed, uniform in structure and temperature. This allows for the normal operation of the extruder to have a predetermined, uniform cross-section temperature of the melt of the product.

In the stabilization zone, pressure and temperature fields of the product melt are equalized. Then it enters the pre-zone and is forced through the outlet in the matrix 3.

At the moment of the beginning of the exit from the forming hole of the die 15 of the first portions of the extrudate through the product pipe 9 through the annular cavity 11 with a cone-shaped border 12, a pulse feed of the filling into the cavity of the final molding 8 of the bundle of the multicomponent forwarded product begins, which is cut off with a rotating knife at the exit from the matrix 3 (conditionally not indicated ), configured to synchronize with the system of pulse supply of the filling (Fig. 3), while forming the finished product in the form of ecruded rings with filling (Fig. 4).

After the extruder has worked for the first 3-5 minutes, look what product is coming out. If it is burnt, then coolant is supplied to the annular hole 5 through the pipe 4, and it is discharged through the pipe 7. If the product is not sufficiently boiled, then hot coolant is supplied to the annular hole 5. At the same time, the tape 16, located inside the annular hole 5, gives a helical movement to the coolant to maximize the use of its energy potential.

Thus, the use of the invention allows:

- improve the quality of the finished product;

- to provide the necessary depth of physico-chemical transformations of the components of the processed product by regulating the heat supply in the annular hole;

- increase the technological capabilities of the extruder for the production of multicomponent products;

- increase the range of products of various multicomponent composition.

Claims (1)

An extruder for the production of ringlets with fillings, comprising a housing, a screw, a matrix, characterized in that the screw has a cone-shaped shape with a constantly decreasing pitch of turns, an annular hole is made in the housing to maintain the required temperature range, inside of which there is a metal strip along a helical line, designed for screw movement of the coolant, the coolant is fed into the annular hole through the lower nozzle, and through the upper one it is diverted, while the product is connected to the matrix a conduit containing four nozzles located at an angle of 90 ° and connected to an annular cavity, the outer part of which has an annular conical part, the product conduit being connected to a system providing pulse input of the filling between the layers of the finished product, the product passes through the final molding cavity before exiting the matrix , and at the exit from the matrix is cut off with a rotating knife, configured for synchronous operation with a pulse filling system.

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