RU2555497C1 - Diameter measurement device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises an optical background sensor with an analogue output signal structurally connected with an electronic block comprising an analogue-digital transducer and a digital indicator, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the analogue-digital converter, a fixator of a peak value of the sensor signal and a reset button, at the same time the first inlet of the fixator of the peak value of the sensor signal is connected to the outlet of the optical background sensor, the second and third inlets - with contacts of the reset button, and the outlet - with the inlet of the analogue-digital converter.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of control due to provision of measurement of the object diameter in dynamic mode, ie in process of device movement relative to the control object.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of instrumentation, and in particular to means for monitoring the diameters of easily deformable bodies used to assess their quality and diagnose the condition, mainly planting material and fruits of garden crops.

When breeding new high-yielding large-fruited varieties suitable for machine harvesting [Panteleeva E.I. Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.): monograph; Grew up. Acad. S.-kh. sciences. Sib. Department of Scientific Research Institute of Horticulture Siberia named after M.A. Lisavenko. - Barnaul, 2006. - 249 p.], When performing research work on the development of intensive technologies [Ermakov B.S., Faustov V.V. The technology of growing sea buckthorn. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1983. - 63 p.], When sorting planting material for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents [GOST R 53135-2008. Planting material of fruit, berry, subtropical, nut, citrus crops and tea. Technical conditions - M .: Standartinform, 2009. - 42 p.], When cultivating and caring for the garden [Franchuk EP Commercial quality of fruits. - M.: Agropromizdat, 1986. - 269 pp.] Instrumental monitoring of the diameters of fruits and stems of seedlings of horticultural crops is necessary (for reference, stanch is the aerial part of the plant between the root and the first branch). Generally accepted control procedures [GOST R 53135-2008. Planting material of fruit, berry, subtropical, nut, citrus crops and tea. Technical conditions - M .: Standartinform, 2009. - 42 pp.], [Program and methodology of variety studies of fruit, berry and nut-bearing crops; under the general. ed. Acad. RASHN E.N. Sedova and D.S. n T.P. Ogoltsova. Orel: VNIISPK Publishing House, 1999. - 608 p.] Use low-performance general-purpose measuring instruments - calipers and micrometers. The presence of the measuring force in these devices causes deformation of the tissues of the fruits and boles of planting material, and, therefore, the measurements are carried out with additional errors (up to 1 mm or more). In addition, when the measuring planes of micrometers come in contact with the surface of the booms of planting material of controlled garden crops, the shape of which is not cylindrical and has a taper and irregularities, the contact points do not lie on the contour of the controlled section, which also leads to an increase in the measurement error and, as a result, increase the likelihood of classifying seedlings of the first grade to the second and vice versa - seedlings of the second grade to the first. Another drawback of calipers and micrometers is the low measurement performance due to the need to repeatedly move the measuring jaws and planes with a micrometer screw and read the measurement result from the vernier scale. Therefore, with sample sizes from a batch of seedlings in the hundreds of pieces, control using mechanical contact devices becomes a physically tedious procedure. Thus, to control the diameters of fruits and boles of seedlings of horticultural crops, contactless devices are more preferable. A device for measuring body size is known, comprising two laser triangulation distance sensors located on opposite sides of the body at a given basic distance from each other, which simultaneously measure two distances to the surface of the body. Body size is determined by subtracting the measured distances from the base distance between the sensors [O. Lysenko. Triangulation distance sensors / Electronic components, 2005. - No. 11. - S.111-115]. The disadvantage of this device is the need for two laser triangulation distance sensors, which complicates its design. More simple are the shadow method and, accordingly, devices with optical shadow sensors of body diameter that implement this method [RF Patent No. 2301968, IPC G01B 11/08, G01B 11/24. The method of controlling the diameter of the part / B.C. Krasilnikov, E.S. Yerilin, A.L. Vogel. - Application No. 2005132431/28; Claimed on 10/20/2005; Publ. 06/27/2007; Bull. No. 18]. The essence of the shadow method is that the diameter of the body is determined by the size of the shadow created by the controlled body when it is illuminated by a wide thin beam of light, consisting of many parallel rays. The optical sensor that implements the shadow method consists of two blocks - the emitter and the receiver. Radiation from a semiconductor laser or LED is collimated by the lens. When placing the object of control in the collimated beam region, its shadow image is scanned by a line of CCD photodetectors or formed by a telecentric optical system on a line of CCD photodetectors. Based on the position of the shadow boundaries, the processor calculates the diameter of the object. The closest analogue of the invention (prototype) in technical essence is a device based on a non-contact optical shadow sensor with an output signal in the form of DC voltage [Aleinikov AF, Mineev VV, Zolotarev VA, Morozov VB . Measurement of the geometric parameters of boles and fruits of horticultural crops // Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. - 2013. - No. 11. - S. 55-58]. An electronic unit with a digital indicator is attached to the sensor. The main element of the electronic unit is an analog-to-digital converter that converts the sensor output signal into a digital code to display the diameter value on the indicator. The value of the sensor output signal is proportional to the size of the shadow (equal to the diameter) from the sapling of the seedling or fruit, placed in a wide thin beam created by the sensor emitter. The shadow from the stem is formed on a line of photodetectors with a resolution of 0.08 mm. The disadvantages of the prototype are the error in the deviation of the control object (fruit, seedling) from the center line of the sensor beam and, as a result, the need to fix the control object (fruit, seedling) in a stationary state in the center of the sensor beam, which leads to an increase in the time to obtain the measurement result and therefore, reduced performance. To perform a large volume of measurements when conducting breeding, research and production work in industrial gardening, increasing the productivity of control is an urgent and paramount task.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the performance of the control.

The technical result in the invention is achieved in that a diameter measuring device, consisting of an optical shadow sensor with an analog output signal, structurally combined with an electronic unit containing an analog-to-digital converter and a digital indicator, the input of which is connected to the output of the analog-to-digital converter, is introduced a sensor peak signal value latch and a reset button, while the first input of the sensor signal peak value latch is connected to the output of the optical shadow sensor, second second and third inputs - contacts the reset button, and an output - to the input of analog-to-digital converter.

Such a combination of the above-mentioned features of the proposed technical solution of the device allows to measure the diameters of the stands of planting material and fruits of horticultural crops in a dynamic mode, that is, in the process of moving the device relative to the control object, due to which the time for installing the control object in the center of the sensor beam and excluding their motionless mutual position. This is possible, because when the control object crosses the sensor beam, the output voltage of the sensor first increases, then when the center line of the sensor beam reaches the center of the control object, the voltage takes a maximum value that corresponds to the diameter, and when the device moves further relative to the control object, it decreases. The presence of the peak sensor value clamp allows you to remember the maximum value of the sensor signal, which corresponds to the measured diameter. The diameter value is displayed on the digital display until it is reset with the button. Thus, to determine the diameter, it is enough to move the device so that the controlled object crosses the sensor beam and read the result from the screen of the digital indicator.

In Fig.1 is a drawing explaining the design of a device for measuring diameter, Fig.2 is a structural diagram of a device for measuring diameter.

The diameter measuring device consists of an electronic unit 1, to the housing of which an optical shadow sensor 2 with an analog output signal is attached. A printed circuit board is mounted in the housing of the electronic unit 1, on which there is a latch 3 of the peak value of the sensor signal, an analog-to-digital converter 4, a digital indicator 5 and a reset button 6. The first input of the latch 3 of the peak value of the sensor signal is connected to the output of the optical shadow sensor 2 via a cable 7, the second and third inputs - with the contacts of the reset button 6, and the output - with the input of the analog-to-digital converter 4, the output of which is connected to the input of the digital indicator 5. The optical shadow sensor 2 is made in the form of a bracket , on one end of which there is an optical emitter 8, and on the other - an optical receiver 9, with the possibility of moving the test object 10 (for example, a seedling) inside the beam 11. The electronic unit 1 is connected via a quick-detachable spiral cable to the device’s power battery, placed in a bag with a belt suspended on the shoulder or belt of the operator (not shown in the figures).

A device for measuring diameter works as follows. The housing of the electronic unit 1 must be taken in the palm of the right or left hand. Using the reset button 6, the thumb restores the device to its initial zero state. Then the device is moved by the operator so that the beam 11 intersects the control object 10 in the plane of the selected section. In this case, a signal is generated at the output of the optical shadow sensor 2, which is proportional to the size of the shadow on the line of the optical receiver 9, in the form of a varying DC voltage, the maximum value of which is stored by the clamp 3 of the peak value of the sensor signal, is converted into a digital code by an analog-to-digital converter 4 and displayed on the screen of the digital indicator 5. When the center line of the beam 11 crosses the center of the test object 10, the output voltage of the optical shadow sensor 2 takes the maximum value Moreover, the readings of the digital indicator 5 no longer increase or decrease, become maximum and correspond to the diameter of the test object 10. With further movement of the device, including the reverse, the output voltage of the optical shadow sensor 2 will only decrease, therefore, these readings of the digital indicator 5 , thanks to the clamp 3 of the peak value of the sensor signal, they no longer change and are the result of measuring the diameter. After pressing the reset button 6, the device is ready for the next measurement. To control spherical objects (for example, fruits), the desired diameter can be measured by moving the device relative to the control object 10 not only back and forth, but also up and down, and thus search for the maximum size, i.e. diameter.

To implement the invention, the following components and technical solutions can be used: BGL 30C-005 sensor from BALLUFF [URL: http: //www.balluff.com] - as an optical shadow sensor 2; ICL 7106 chip - for analog-to-digital converter 4; LCD ITS 0190S RNP - for digital indicator 5; peak detector circuits [Witson, J. 500 practical circuits on IP: Per. from English - M .: Mir, 1992. - S.48-52] - for the latch 3 of the peak value of the sensor signal.

Calculations show that with a BGL 30C-005 sensor measuring frequency of 500 Hz, an object diameter of 5 mm and a moving speed of 0.5 m / s, the measurement error is 0.1 mm. With an increase in the diameter of the object (curvature of the surface decreases) and a decrease in the speed of movement, the measurement error will decrease.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring diameter, consisting of an optical shadow sensor with an analog output signal, structurally combined with an electronic unit containing an analog-to-digital converter and a digital indicator, the input of which is connected to the output of an analog-to-digital converter, characterized in that a peak value latch is inserted into it the sensor signal and the reset button, while the first input of the peak sensor latch of the sensor signal is connected to the output of the optical shadow sensor, the second and third inputs to the contacts a reset button, and an output - to the input of analog-to-digital converter.

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