RU2555435C1 - Mobile complex for creating anaerobic environment in haylage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: mobile complex for creating an anaerobic environment in the haylage comprises an airtight polymeric sleeve with a device for laying grass mass, and a device for creating an anaerobic environment. The polymeric sleeve is hermetically sealed on one end side. The device for creating an anaerobic environment is located outside of the sleeve and is made in the form of a cylinder with gas conserving agent provided with feeding valve with pressure gauge, gas reducer with air-gauges, connected by the pipeline with the needle of gas injection into the polymer sleeve. The needle is provided with a nozzle and a seal.

EFFECT: provision of creating more efficient anaerobic conditions in the haylage in a short time by displacing oxygen from the air of the haylage using the gas reagent with simultaneous conservation of herbal raw material.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for preserving roughage in packaging with gaseous preservatives.

Currently, there are many technologies for harvesting haylage. One of these technologies is the preparation of feed by pressing into large polymer sleeves weighing up to 1000 tons, which allows farms to minimize manual labor and increase process productivity (http://www.ag-bag.ru/techno/).

However, the quality of the resulting feed is poor.

The decrease in the quality of harvested feed is explained by the unevenness of the process of pressing the grass mass, leading to the formation of air pockets, in which the processes of feed oxidation, the development of fungi and mold occur. To prevent this, the use of preservatives is necessary, which leads to an increase in the cost of feed, an increase in the number of operations and equipment.

A known method of storing agricultural products (RU 2084115, IPC A01F 25/00, publ. 07/20/1997), which consists in laying products in a sealed storage and actively ventilating vapors of propionic acid by pumping recirculated air through a container with propionic acid at a temperature and pressure equal to temperature and pressure in a sealed storage.

This allows you to increase the safety of agricultural products, but requires sophisticated equipment and the possibility of poisoning the staff with vapors of propionic acid in the process of servicing bookmarks for storage and extraction of processed products.

Known universal complex for storing biological objects in a controlled gas environment (RU 2007903, IPC A01F 25/00, publ. 28.02.1994). The device is equipped with a station for the delivery of compressed gases for a controlled gas environment (RGS) with a computer algorithm for the composition of the gas medium supplied to the cylinders under the RGS for a specific biological object (BO), and the frequency of blowing the containers with the gas mixture over time depending on the breathing rate of the BO, with sealed containers , machines for transporting empty and refueling CSG cylinders, as well as containers from the collection point to the store, to the market and vice versa.

The disadvantage of this device is excessive complexity of the scheme for harvesting haylage, the need for constant monitoring and purging of sealed containers with a gas mixture.

The closest analogue is a complex for creating an anaerobic environment in haylage (RU 2416190, IPC A01F 25/14, publ. 07.20.2009), including a device for laying grass mass, a plastic sleeve and a device for creating an anaerobic environment in the form laid in a polyethylene sleeve, a flexible perforated polyethylene pipe with a diameter of 50 mm, the non-perforated end of which is sealed outside the sleeve through a sealed flange and has a shut-off valve and a fitting for connecting to a vacuum pump.

A disadvantage of the known complex is its lack of effectiveness in removing oxygen from the grass mass. Creating an anaerobic environment in the form of a complete vacuum is impossible due to the porous structure of grass stems, which contain difficult to extract air.

When the moisture content of the grass mass stored in the storage is less than 60%, even with the maximum density values according to the applied technologies for preparing haylage, a significant amount of air remains in it, which makes it possible for molds to multiply, and with humidity from 50 to 60% to all groups of microorganisms. The development of the latter leads to the warming of the grass mass, the “combustion” of nutrients in the amount of up to 20% and a decrease in the energy value of the feed. The process of aerobic respiration is described by the following equation for the dissimilation of organic substances, mainly sugar:

C ₆ H ₁₂ O ₆ + 6O ₂ = 6CO ₂ + 6H ₂ O + heat.

Thus, for the most rapid onset of the anaerobic phase in the haylage, it is necessary to artificially displace oxygen from the grass mass in order to prevent the breakdown of sugar and self-heating.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to provide an anaerobic environment in the grass mass, packed in a polymer material, for a short period of time by displacing air oxygen from the silage with a gas reagent, in particular carbon dioxide.

The technical result of the invention is the preparation of high-quality haylage, through the use of a new device for creating an anaerobic environment, which provides the creation of more effective anaerobic conditions in haylage in a short period of time by displacing air oxygen from the haylage with a gas reagent while preserving the grass raw materials.

The result is achieved in that the mobile complex for creating an anaerobic environment, including an airtight polymer sleeve with a device for laying grass mass, a device for creating an anaerobic environment, according to the invention, the polymer sleeve is hermetically sealed from the front side, the device for creating an anaerobic environment is located outside the sleeve and made in the form of a cylinder with a gas preservative, equipped with a supply valve with a pressure gauge, a gas reducer with pressure gauges connected by a pipeline to the injection needle for in a polymeric sleeve from the sealed end face. As a preservative, carbon dioxide is used that is safe for humans and animals. The gas pressure regulator provides constant working pressure when applying a preservative, while the amount of gas injected into the haylage is determined by the formula:

, где

where

V _cart - the volume of air in the hay mass;

ρ is the density of compaction of the hay mass;

ρ _tf - particle density (dry matter) of the feed, 1.55 t / m ³ for cellulose;

ω is the moisture content of the hay mass;

D is the diameter of the package;

L is the length of the package.

After laying the hay mass in the polymer sleeve, carbon dioxide is supplied to the layer of grass mass. Moreover, the gas supply is carried out from the hermetically sealed end side of the polymer sleeve or from the end opposite to the place of laying the raw materials in the sleeve, this ensures complete displacement of oxygen and prevents the flow of aerobic processes in the silage.

The mass fraction of air in compacted grass raw materials is determined by the formula:

F _w = 1-F _things -F _waters , where

F _cart - mass fraction of air per unit volume;

F _things - mass fraction of a substance in a unit volume;

F _water - mass fraction of water per unit volume.

, где

where

ω is the moisture content of the mass;

ρ is the density of the grass mass;

100 - conversion factor.

, где

where

ρ _{S. in} - the density of dry matter, t / m ³ ;

ρ _tf - particle density (dry matter) of feed, 1.55 t / m ³ for cellulose.

, т/м³

t / m ³

The volume of air in the hay mass, packed in a polymeric material, depending on the geometric parameters of the package:

Thus, the volume of displaced air from the grass mass is defined as the ratio of the physical properties of the silage (pressing density, humidity) and the geometric parameters of the package (length and diameter).

In the process of displacing air from the grass mass, the process of preserving the grass occurs simultaneously, which provides more effective anaerobic conditions of haylage and obtaining a higher quality feed.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a device for creating an anaerobic environment. Figure 2 - needle for introducing gas into the polymer sleeve. Figure 3 shows the scheme of the complex.

The mobile complex for creating an anaerobic environment includes:

- a known device for laying grass mass (not shown), for example in the form of a press seal;

- an airtight polymer sleeve 14 made of polyethylene or other airtight material, and the sleeve is hermetically sealed on one end side (from the input side of the gas preservative) and has the form of a "stocking";

- a device for creating an anaerobic environment (figure 1) located outside the sleeve.

A device for creating an anaerobic environment contains:

- cylinder with a gas preservative 1;

- a supply valve 2 with a pressure gauge 3, connected by a pipeline to the cylinder 1;

- gas reducer 6 with two pressure gauges 5 and 7, providing operating pressure, connected by a pipe 4 with a supply valve 2;

- a needle 10 with a nozzle 12 for insertion into a polymer sleeve 14 connected by a pipe 8 to a gas reducer by means of a connection 9. The needle 10 has a rubber seal 11 to prevent the return of gas from the polymer stocking.

In the process, the gas reducer 6 provides a constant working pressure and a uniform supply of preservative in the hay mass. The nozzle 12 provides a uniform distribution of the gas stream in the longitudinal direction of the grass mass.

As the gas preservative, any known safe gaseous preservative can be used, for example carbon dioxide, ammonia, sulfur dioxide. It is preferable to use carbon dioxide that is safe for humans and animals. We have developed a system for collecting carbon dioxide in livestock buildings. The system allows the cleaned air to be fed back to the barn, the carbon dioxide released to the storage tank, and the accumulated gas can be pumped into the cylinders with a compressor for further use.

Mobile complex works as follows.

When filling the polymer sleeve 14 with a hay mass, the needle 10 is introduced into the lower part of the polymer sleeve 14 (from the sealed end side) to a depth limited by the rubber seal 11, which prevents the gas from returning when feeding. At the gas cylinder 1 mounted on the transport trolley 13, open the valve 2. Gas through a system of pipelines 4 and 8, through a gearbox 6, enters the hay mass from the nozzle 12 with constant pressure. The consumption of carbon dioxide is controlled by means of a manometer 7. After filling the polymer sleeve (in the form of a “stocking”) 14 with carbon dioxide, it is sealed by sealing the neck 15. Then the needle 10 is removed and the puncture site is sealed.

The operating parameters of the device are the throughput S of the gas reducer 6 at a given operating pressure of carbon dioxide from the cylinder 1 and the supply time t.

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) has a higher molar mass than oxygen, therefore it displaces the lighter gas from the polymer sleeve, filling all air pockets in the hay mass, ensuring the creation of an anaerobic environment inside the sleeve ("stocking"). The use of a gas reducer makes it possible to achieve a uniform supply of carbon dioxide into the sleeve with a uniform longitudinal distribution of gas in the grass mass due to the difference in the molar masses of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Thus, the proposed mobile complex creates a more favorable anaerobic environment in the haylage, and simultaneously with the process of displacing the oxygen in the air, preserves the grass mass with a gas reagent.

Claims (3)

1. A mobile complex for creating an anaerobic environment in a haylage, including an airtight polymer sleeve with a device for laying grass mass, a device for creating an anaerobic environment, characterized in that the polymer sleeve is hermetically sealed on one end side, the device for creating an anaerobic environment is located outside the sleeve and is made in the form of a cylinder with a gas preservative, equipped with a supply valve with a pressure gauge, a gas reducer with pressure gauges connected by a pipeline to the gas injection needle into the polymer sleeve, while the needle is equipped with a nozzle and a seal. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that carbon dioxide collected in the livestock building is used as a preservative. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas reducer provides a constant working pressure when applying a preservative, while the amount of gas injected into the haylage is determined by the formula

,
Where
V _cart - the volume of air in the hay mass;
ρ is the density of compaction of the hay mass;
ρ _tf - particle density (dry matter) of the feed, 1.55 t / m ³ for cellulose;
ω is the moisture content of the hay mass;
D is the diameter of the package;
L is the length of the package.

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