RU2554168C1 - Method for obtaining heat and electrical energy and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.SUBSTANCE: method for obtaining heat and electrical energy includes focusing of the sun rays by concentrator on the fixed heat-absorbing surface, and further focus movement over it in accordance with sun movement, the heating medium heating through the heat-absorbing surface, and transformation of the obtained heat energy in the electric energy. The concave mirror is used as concentrator, the mirror is moved by sun tracking, at that the heat-absorbing surface is arranged at crossing of the vertical and horizontal axes, around which the concentrator is rotated during tracking. For the concentrator rotation relatively the vertical axis the first motor is started, as result the worn screw 5 starts rotation and turning of the tooth-wheel 2 together with platform 1. When the concentrator achieves the required position (azimuth), the first motor shutdowns. For the concentrator rotation around the horizontal axis the second motor is started, resulting in rotation of the shaft 14 with worn screw 13, that by means of the tooth-wheel 12 and connected with its worn screw 10 the gear sector 9 with axle 6 and wheel 7 rotates. At that by means of the chain-drive 8 the driven wheel 15 with horizontal axles 17 and concentrator is rotated to the required position, then it is locked by the motor shutdown. At that on the bottom part of the heat-absorbing surface of the sphere 19 a light spot of the concentrated sun rays is created, the spot moves over this surface during the sun tracking during day time.EFFECT: increased stability of the energy sources parameters, increased efficiency, improved operation characteristics.10 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used to generate electricity, hot water and steam.

The prototype is a method of producing thermal and electrical energy, including focusing the sun's rays with a concentrator on a fixed heat-absorbing surface and subsequent movement of the focus along it in accordance with the movement of the sun, heating through the heat-absorbing surface of the heat carrier and converting the resulting heat into electrical energy [Pat. RF 2254522, IPC F24J 2/42, 2005].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- a small heating temperature of the heat-absorbing surface, due, firstly, to the scattering of part of the rays in the concentrator, and secondly, to the insufficient transparency of the concentrator;

- the possibility of obtaining only a relatively low coolant temperature, which is associated with heating of the heat-absorbing surface located at the top (and not below), as a result of which there is no convection heat carrier current, which leads to the absence of heating of the lower layers;

- the difficulty of obtaining stable parameters of water and steam during the day.

The objective of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely increasing the stability of energy parameters, developing them with higher efficiency, as well as improving operational characteristics.

The problem is solved in that in a method for generating thermal and electric energy, including focusing the sun's rays by a concentrator on a fixed heat-receiving surface and subsequent movement of the focus along it in accordance with the movement of the sun, heating through the heat-receiving surface of the heat carrier and converting the received thermal energy into electrical energy as a concentrator use a concave mirror, which is moved by tracking the sun, while the heat-receiving surface is placed at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal axes around which the hub is rotated during tracking.

The rotation of the concentrator during tracking is carried out by engines, which are installed outside the elements moving along with the concentrator. After passing through the heat-absorbing surface, the coolant is fed to the heat-transfer surface, which is used as the surface of the pipes of the boiler, which is heated with fossil fuels. The heat exchange surface is convex spherical with respect to the sun's rays incident on it.

A device for implementing a method of producing thermal and electric energy, containing a sunbeam concentrator and a stationary heat exchanger, is additionally equipped with a platform and electric motors connected by at least two kinematic connections to the concentrator and installed with the ability to move it around the horizontal and vertical geometric axes, this one part of the first kinematic connection is made, in the form of two worms with intersecting mutually perpendicular axes and a worm an egg wheel, which is rigidly fixed on the axis of one worm located on the platform and interacting with the gear sector, which is connected to the horizontal axis of rotation of the hub by the second part of the first kinematic connection, and is coupled to another worm, the axis of which is aligned with the vertical axis of rotation of the platform and concentrator, made in the form of a concave mirror.

The second part of the first kinematic connection is made in the form of a chain transmission. The second kinematic connection is made in the form of a worm gear. One worm is made globoid. The worm gear is self-braking. The worm is magnetized in the radial direction.

These distinctive features allow you to achieve the following advantages compared with the prototype.

The use of a concave mirror as a hub, which is moved by tracking the sun, while the heat-absorbing surface is placed at the intersection of the vertical and horizontal axes around which the hub is rotated during tracking, contributes to a higher heating temperature, since there are no any elements. In this case, the heated surface creates an upward flow of air, entraining dust, which protects the mirror surface from pollution. This increases the efficiency of solar energy and improves performance.

The implementation of the rotation of the hub when tracking by engines that are installed outside of the elements moving along with the hub reduces the moment of inertia of the rotary mechanism, its weight and reduces energy consumption.

The flow of the heat carrier after it passes the heat-absorbing surface to the heat-transfer surface, which is used as the surface of the boiler tubes, which is heated with fossil fuels, allows, firstly, to obtain pairs of high parameters (pressure and temperature) before feeding it to the steam turbine, which increases the efficiency. Secondly, it makes it possible to stably keep energy parameters at any time of the day by changing the amount of fossil fuel burned in the boiler. This improves performance.

The implementation of the heat-exchange surface is convex spherical with respect to the incident sunlight to them ensures the perpendicularity of the heat-receiving surface and makes it easier to maintain the focal length when turning the concentrator during tracking, which increases the efficiency of the use of solar energy and improves operational characteristics.

Additional supply of the device for generating thermal and electric energy with a platform and electric motors connected by at least two kinematic connections with the hub and installed with the ability to move it around the horizontal and vertical geometric axes ensures that the concentrator is in the desired position during the tracking process, which increases the efficiency use of solar energy.

The execution of one part of the first kinematic connection in the form of two worms with crossed mutually perpendicular axes and a worm wheel, which is rigidly fixed to the axis of one worm located on the platform and interacting with the gear sector, which is connected to the horizontal axis of rotation of the hub by the second part of the first kinematic connection, and paired with another worm, the axis of which is combined with the vertical axis of rotation of the platform and the hub, made in the form of a concave mirror, allows you to place The electric motor that controls the rotation of the hub around an axis, outside the platform. This reduces the weight and size characteristics of the rotating parts, as well as their moment of inertia, which with frequent starts and stops reduces energy consumption, makes it possible to use a less powerful electric motor, thereby improving performance.

The implementation of the second part of the first kinematic connection in the form of a chain transmission reduces the weight and size characteristics of the device, which reduces power consumption during operation and improves operational characteristics.

The implementation of the second kinematic connection in the form of a worm gear reduces the weight and size characteristics of the device.

Performing a worm globoid reduces the overall dimensions of the mechanism, and performing a self-braking worm gear allows you to automatically lock the hub in the desired position after turning off the electric motors, which simplifies the design and improves the operating characteristics of the drive.

Magnetizing the worm in the radial direction allows it to be used in the form of a concentrator angle sensor, placing it next to the worm, for example a reed switch or a Hall sensor. This simplifies the design, increases its reliability and improves the operational characteristics of the drive.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device for generating thermal and electrical energy. In FIG. 2 shows a view A of the device. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of a boiler heated by fossil fuels.

A device for generating thermal and electric energy comprises a platform 1 mounted on a worm gear 2 mounted rotatably on a sleeve 3 fixedly mounted on a base 4 and mated to a worm 5 connected to a first electric motor (not shown) and rotating in supports grounds. The axis 6 is mounted in the platform with rotation, on which the drive wheel 7 (sprocket) of the chain drive 8 and the gear sector 9 are fixed, coupled with the teeth of the globoid worm 10, which is mounted in the groove 11 of the platform 1 with the possibility of axial rotation and is rigidly fixed to the axis of the worm wheel 12, coupled with the worm 13, the shaft 14 of which is rotatably mounted in the sleeve 3 and connected to a second electric motor (not shown) fixed to the base 4. The driven gear 15 of the chain drive and the hub 16 with of sun rays fixedly mounted on a horizontal axis 17 mounted on the platform for rotation, on which torsion 18 can be placed to compensate for the imbalance created by the center of gravity of the concentrator displaced relative to the horizontal axis. At the intersection of the horizontal and vertical axes of rotation of the concentrator, the heat-receiving surface is fixedly mounted in the form of a hollow sphere 19 (boiler) having pipes 20, 21, respectively, for supplying cold and draining hot water (steam), while pipe 20 can be passed through the worm 13 with a gap and fixed in some way, for example, from the bottom of the base 4. In this case, the concentrator should have a slot 22 with a width greater than the diameter of the pipe, for the latter to pass through during operation. Note that the pipe can be fixed in another way. The pipe 21 can be connected to a boiler 23 having chimneys 25 located in the water 24, the steam space 26 of which is connected via a steam line 27 and a superheater 28 to a steam turbine 29, which is kinematically connected to a generator 30 that generates electricity for the consumer. In the furnace 31 of the boiler there are burners 32 for burning, for example, gas fuel, the combustion products of which 33 through the chimneys of the boiler and the smoke pipe enter the atmosphere.

The device operates to produce thermal and electrical energy as follows.

To turn the hub 16 around the vertical axis, the first electric motor is turned on, as a result of which the worm 5 begins to rotate in the base supports and rotate the gear 2 on the sleeve 3 together with the platform 1 (Fig. 1-2). In this case, there is also a rotation in the horizontal plane of axis 6 and the globoid worm 10 with the worm wheel 12, which with its teeth will slide on the helical surface of the worm 13. Since the angle of rotation of the platform 1 during the next correction of its position in the sun is small, and the gear ratio from the worm 13 to sector 9, on the contrary, is large, then the wheel 12 will practically remain in place when the platform rotates, moreover, sector 9 with the horizontal axis 6 and wheels 7, 15 will not rotate, and therefore the hub 16 location with axis 17. Upon reaching the desired position of the hub (azimuth) switch off the first motor, providing a self-locking due to its worm gear fixation.

To turn the hub 16 around the horizontal axis, a second electric motor is turned on, due to which the shaft 14 begins to rotate with the worm 13, which, by means of the gear wheel 12 and the worm 10 connected with it, rotates the gear sector 9 with the axis 6 and the wheel 7. At the same time, due to the chain transmission 8 the driven wheel 15 is rotated with the horizontal axis 17 and the hub 16 to the desired position, after which it is fixed by turning off the engine. At the same time, on the lower part of the heat-absorbing surface of the sphere 19, a light spot of concentrated solar rays is heated, which moves along this surface in the process of tracking the sun during daylight hours, during which the concentrator can be corrected according to a predetermined program. Note that, since both electric motors are located on the base 4, the mechanism of the sun tracking system turns out to be as light as possible, which allows the use of low power electric motors to move the concentrator, the position of which can be easily "remembered" by the number of revolutions of the worms.

As a result of exposure to solar energy, the water in the sphere 19 will constantly be heated and flow (for example, using a pump) through the pipe 21 to the boiler 23, where it will be heated to a higher temperature if necessary, in contact with the heat transfer surface of the chimneys 25, heated by the products of gas fuel combustion 33 burned by burners 32 (FIG. 3). Note that in order to heat a large amount of water using solar energy, it is necessary to supply hot water to the boiler 23 from several spheres 19, heated independently, by separate concentrators, which are part of the described device. From the steam space 26, through the steam line 27 and the superheater 28, the pairs of high parameters enter the turbine 29, which rotates the generator 30, which generates electricity. The steam used after the turbine can be used to heat cold water or directly for production needs.

In cloudy weather, the amount of gas burned in the furnace is increased by an amount that ensures the release of thermal energy in the boiler, which is equal to the heat transferred to the water by sphere 19. At the same time, the amount of generated energy for the consumer remains the same. Note that in this case, it is possible to turn the concentrator 16 until it occupies the maximum possible upper position in which its mirror will be protected from precipitation.

The implementation of the invention will allow you to create a simple in design, reliable and easy to use device for generating thermal and electric energy, which can be operated both separately and together with a boiler heated by fossil fuels.

Claims (10)

1. A method of producing thermal and electric energy, including focusing the sun's rays by the concentrator on a fixed heat-receiving surface and subsequent movement of the focus along it in accordance with the movement of the sun, heating through the heat-receiving surface of the heat carrier and converting the received thermal energy into electrical energy, characterized in that as a hub use a concave mirror, which is moved by tracking the sun, while the heat-absorbing surface is placed on The intersection of the vertical and horizontal axes around which the hub is rotated during tracking. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the rotation of the hub during tracking is carried out by engines that are installed outside of the elements moving along with the hub. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that after passing through the heat-absorbing surface, the coolant is supplied to the heat transfer surface, which is used as the surface of the pipes of the boiler, which is heated with fossil fuels. 4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the heat-receiving surface is convex spherical with respect to the incident sunlight. 5. A device for implementing a method of producing thermal and electric energy, comprising a sunbeam concentrator and a stationary heat exchanger, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a platform and electric motors connected by at least two kinematic connections to the concentrator and installed with the ability to move it around horizontal and vertical geometric axes, while one part of the first kinematic connection is made in the form of two worms with mutually crossing each other the axial axes of the worm wheel, which is rigidly fixed to the axis of one worm located on the platform and interacting with the gear sector, which is connected to the horizontal axis of rotation of the hub by the second part of the first kinematic connection, and is coupled to another worm, the axis of which is aligned with the vertical axis of rotation of the platform and a hub made in the form of a concave mirror. 6. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the second part of the first kinematic connection is made in the form of a chain transmission. 7. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the second kinematic connection is made in the form of a worm gear. 8. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that one worm is made globoid. 9. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the worm gear is self-braking. 10. The device according to p. 5, characterized in that the worm is magnetized in the radial direction.

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